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1.鏈烘閮ㄥ垎
锛?锛夐暅搴э細鏄樉寰暅鐨勫簳搴э紝鐢ㄤ互鏀寔鏁翠釜闀滀綋銆?
锛?锛夐暅鏌憋細鏄暅搴т笂闈㈢洿绔嬬殑閮ㄥ垎锛岀敤浠ヨ繛鎺ラ暅搴у拰闀滆噦銆?
锛?锛夐暅鑷傦細涓€绔繛浜庨暅鏌憋紝涓€绔繛浜庨暅绛掞紝鏄彇鏀炬樉寰暅鏃舵墜鎻￠儴浣嶃€?
锛?锛夐暅绛掞細杩炲湪闀滆噦鐨勫墠涓婃柟锛岄暅绛掍笂绔鏈夌洰闀滐紝涓嬬瑁呮湁鐗╅暅杞崲鍣ㄣ€?
锛?锛夌墿闀滆浆鎹㈠櫒(鏃嬭浆鍣?锛氭帴浜庢１闀滃３鐨勪笅鏂癸紝鍙嚜鐢辫浆鍔紝鐩樹笂鏈?锛?涓渾瀛旓紝鏄畨瑁呯墿闀滈儴浣嶏紝杞姩杞崲鍣紝鍙互璋冩崲涓嶅悓鍊嶆暟鐨勭墿闀滐紝褰撳惉鍒扮鍙╁０鏃讹紝鏂瑰彲杩涜瑙傚療锛屾鏃剁墿闀滃厜杞存伆濂藉鍑嗛€氬厜瀛斾腑蹇冿紝鍏夎矾鎺ラ€氥€?
锛?锛夐暅鍙?杞界墿鍙?锛氬湪闀滅瓛涓嬫柟锛屽舰鐘舵湁鏂广€佸渾涓ょ锛岀敤浠ユ斁缃幓鐗囨爣鏈紝涓ぎ鏈変竴閫氬厜瀛旓紝鎴戜滑鎵€鐢ㄧ殑鏄惧井闀滃叾闀滃彴涓婅鏈夌幓鐗囨爣鏈帹杩涘櫒(鎺ㄧ墖鍣?锛屾帹杩涘櫒宸︿晶鏈夊脊绨уす锛岀敤浠ュす鎸佺幓鐗囨爣鏈紝闀滃彴涓嬫湁鎺ㄨ繘鍣ㄨ皟鑺傝疆锛屽彲浣跨幓鐗囨爣鏈綔宸﹀彸銆佸墠鍚庢柟鍚戠殑绉诲姩銆?
锛?锛夎皟鑺傚櫒锛氭槸瑁呭湪闀滄煴涓婄殑澶у皬涓ょ铻烘棆锛岃皟鑺傛椂浣块暅鍙颁綔涓婁笅鏂瑰悜鐨勭Щ鍔ㄣ€?
鈶犵矖璋冭妭鍣?绮楄灪鏃?锛氬ぇ铻烘棆绉扮矖璋冭妭鍣紝绉诲姩鏃跺彲浣块暅鍙颁綔蹇€熷拰杈冨ぇ骞呭害鐨勫崌闄嶏紝鎵€浠ヨ兘杩呴€熻皟鑺傜墿闀滃拰鏍囨湰涔嬮棿鐨勮窛绂讳娇鐗╄薄鍛堢幇浜庤閲庝腑锛岄€氬父鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄤ綆鍊嶉暅鏃讹紝鍏堢敤绮楄皟鑺傚櫒杩呴€熸壘鍒扮墿璞°€?
鈶＄粏璋冭妭鍣?缁嗚灪鏃?锛氬皬铻烘棆绉扮粏璋冭妭鍣紝绉诲姩鏃跺彲浣块暅鍙扮紦鎱㈠湴鍗囬檷锛屽鍦ㄨ繍鐢ㄩ珮鍊嶉暅鏃朵娇鐢紝浠庤€屽緱鍒版洿娓呮櫚鐨勭墿璞★紝骞跺€熶互瑙傚療鏍囨湰鐨勪笉鍚屽眰娆″拰涓嶅悓娣卞害鐨勭粨鏋勩€?
2锛庣収鏄庨儴鍒?
瑁呭湪闀滃彴涓嬫柟锛屽寘鎷弽鍏夐暅,闆嗗厜鍣ㄣ€?
锛?锛夊弽鍏夐暅锛氳鍦ㄩ暅搴т笂闈紝鍙悜浠绘剰鏂瑰悜杞姩锛屽畠鏈夊钩銆佸嚬涓ら潰锛屽叾浣滅敤鏄皢鍏夋簮鍏夌嚎鍙嶅皠鍒拌仛鍏夊櫒涓婏紝鍐嶇粡閫氬厜瀛旂収鏄庢爣鏈紝鍑归潰闀滆仛鍏変綔鐢ㄥ己锛岄€備簬鍏夌嚎杈冨急鐨勬椂鍊欎娇鐢紝骞抽潰闀滆仛鍏変綔鐢ㄥ急锛岄€備簬鍏夌嚎杈冨己鏃朵娇鐢ㄣ€?
锛?锛夐泦鍏夊櫒(鑱氬厜鍣?浣嶄簬闀滃彴涓嬫柟鐨勯泦鍏夊櫒鏋朵笂锛岀敱鑱氬厜闀滃拰鍏夊湀缁勬垚锛屽叾浣滅敤鏄妸鍏夌嚎闆嗕腑鍒版墍瑕佽瀵熺殑鏍囨湰涓娿€?
鈶犺仛鍏夐暅锛氱敱涓€鐗囨垨鏁扮墖閫忛暅缁勬垚锛岃捣姹囪仛鍏夌嚎鐨勪綔鐢紝鍔犲己瀵规爣鏈殑鐓ф槑锛屽苟浣垮厜绾垮皠鍏ョ墿闀滃唴锛岄暅鏌辨梺鏈変竴璋冭妭铻烘棆锛岃浆鍔ㄥ畠鍙崌闄嶈仛鍏夊櫒锛屼互璋冭妭瑙嗛噹涓厜浜害鐨勫己寮便€?
鈶″厜鍦?铏瑰僵鍏夊湀)锛氬湪鑱氬厜闀滀笅鏂癸紝鐢卞崄鍑犲紶閲戝睘钖勭墖缁勬垚锛屽叾澶栦晶浼稿嚭涓€鏌勶紝鎺ㄥ姩瀹冨彲璋冭妭鍏跺紑瀛旂殑澶у皬锛屼互璋冭妭鍏夐噺銆?
3.鍏夊閮ㄥ垎
锛?锛夌洰闀滐細瑁呭湪闀滅瓛鐨勪笂绔紝閫氬父澶囨湁2锛?涓紝涓婇潰鍒绘湁5脳銆?0脳鎴?5脳绗﹀彿浠ヨ〃绀哄叾鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暟锛屼竴鑸鐨勬槸10脳鐨勭洰闀溿€?
锛?锛夌墿闀滐細瑁呭湪闀滅瓛涓嬬鐨勬棆杞櫒涓婏紝涓€鑸湁3锛?涓墿闀滐紝鍏朵腑鏈€鐭殑鍒绘湁鈥?/font>10脳"绗﹀彿鐨勪负浣庡€嶉暅锛岃緝闀跨殑鍒绘湁鈥?/font>40脳"绗﹀彿鐨勪负楂樺€嶉暅锛屾渶闀跨殑鍒绘湁鈥?/font>100脳"绗﹀彿鐨勪负娌归暅锛屾澶栵紝鍦ㄩ珮鍊嶉暅鍜屾补闀滀笂杩樺父鍔犳湁涓€鍦堜笉鍚岄鑹茬殑绾匡紝浠ョず鍖哄埆銆?
鏄惧井闀滅殑鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暟鏄墿闀滅殑鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暟涓庣洰闀滅殑鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暟鐨勪箻绉紝濡傜墿闀滀负10脳锛岀洰闀滀负10脳锛屽叾鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暟灏变负10脳10=100銆?
銆愯嫳鏂囩畝杩般€?o:p>
a microscope (greek: 渭喂魏蟻蠈谓 (micron) = small + 蟽魏慰蟺蔚峥?/span>谓 (skopein) = to look at) is an instrument for viewing ob-jects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye. the science of investigating small ob-jects using such an instrument is called microscopy. the term microscopic means minute or very small, not visible with the eye unless aided by a microscope. the microscopes used in schools and homes trace their history back almost 400 years. the first useful microscope was developed in the netherlands in the early 1600s.[citation needed] there is almost as much confusion about the inventor as about the dates. three different eyeglass makers have been given credit for the invention: hans lippershey (who also developed the first real telescope); hans janssen; and his son, zacharias. the most common type of microscope鈥?/span>and the first to be invented鈥?/span>is the optical microscope. this is an optical instrument containing one or more lenses that produce an enlarged image of an ob-ject placed in the focal plane of the lens(es). there are, however, many other microscope designs. 銆愭樉寰暅鐨勬垚鍍忓師鐞嗐€?span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> 褰撴妸寰呰瀵熺墿浣撴斁鍦ㄧ墿闀滅劍鐐瑰渚ч潬杩戠劍鐐瑰鏃讹紝鍦ㄧ墿闀滃悗鎵€鎴愮殑瀹炲儚鎭板湪鐩暅鐒︾偣鍐呬晶闈犺繎鐒︾偣澶勶紝缁忕洰闀滃啀娆℃斁澶ф垚涓€铏氬儚銆傝瀵熷埌鐨勬槸缁忎袱娆℃斁澶у悗鐨勫€掔珛铏氬儚銆?/span> 銆愭樉寰暅鐨勫垎绫汇€?/span> 鏄惧井闀滃垎鍏夊鏄惧井闀滃拰鐢靛瓙鏄惧井闀溿€?/span> 鍏夊鏄惧井闀滄槸鍦?590骞寸敱鑽峰叞鐨勬潹妫埗瀛愭墍棣栧垱銆傜幇鍦ㄧ殑鍏夊鏄惧井闀滃彲鎶婄墿浣撴斁澶?500鍊嶏紝鍒嗚鲸鐨勬渶灏忔瀬闄愯揪0.2寰背銆傚厜瀛︽樉寰暅鐨勭绫诲緢澶氾紝闄や竴鑸殑澶栵紝涓昏鏈夋殫瑙嗛噹鏄惧井闀滀竴绉嶅叿鏈夋殫瑙嗛噹鑱氬厜闀滐紝浠庤€屼娇鐓ф槑鐨勫厜鏉熶笉浠庝腑澶儴鍒嗗皠鍏ワ紝鑰屼粠鍥涘懆灏勫悜鏍囨湰鐨勬樉寰暅.鑽у厜鏄惧井闀滀互绱绾夸负鍏夋簮锛屼娇琚収灏勭殑鐗╀綋鍙戝嚭鑽у厜鐨勬樉寰暅銆?/span> 鐢靛瓙鏄惧井闀滄槸鍦?931骞村湪寰峰浗鏌忔灄鐢卞厠璇哄皵鍜屽搱缃楁柉鍗￠鍏堣閰嶅畬鎴愮殑銆傝繖绉嶆樉寰暅鐢ㄩ珮閫熺數瀛愭潫浠ｆ浛鍏夋潫銆傜敱浜庣數瀛愭祦鐨勬尝闀挎瘮鍏夋尝鐭緱澶氾紝鎵€浠ョ數瀛愭樉寰暅鐨勬斁澶у€嶆暟鍙揪80涓囧€嶏紝鍒嗚鲸鐨勬渶灏忔瀬闄愯揪0.2绾崇背銆?963骞村紑濮嬩娇鐢ㄧ殑鎵弿鐢靛瓙鏄惧井闀滄洿鍙娇浜虹湅鍒扮墿浣撹〃闈㈢殑寰皬缁撴瀯銆? 鍏夊鏄惧井闀滅殑鍒嗙被锛屾牴鎹収鏄庢柟娉曪紝鏈夐€忓皠鍨嬩笌鍙嶅皠(钀藉皠)鍨嬩簩绉嶃€傞€忓皠鍨嬫樉寰暅鏄簲鐢ㄩ€忓皠鐓ф槑閫氳繃閫忔槑鐗╀綋鐨勬墦鍏夋柟娉曘€傚弽灏勫瀷鏄惧井闀滄槸浠ョ墿闀滀笂鏂规墦鍏夊埌(钀藉皠鐓ф槑)涓嶉€忔槑鐨勭墿浣撲笂銆傚彟涓€绉嶅垎绫绘柟娉曪紝绯绘牴鎹瀵熸柟娉曠殑宸紓锛屽垎涓烘槑瑙嗛噹鏄惧井闀溿€佹殫瑙嗛噹鏄惧井闀溿€佺浉浣嶅樊鏄惧井闀溿€佸亸鍏夋樉寰暅銆佸共娑夌浉浣嶅樊鏄惧井闀溿€佽崸鍏夋樉寰暅绛夈€傛瘡绉嶆樉寰暅涓€鑸張鍚勬湁閫忓皠鍨嬪拰鍙嶅皠鍨嬩簩绉嶃€傚湪杩欎簺鏄惧井闀滀腑锛岀壒鍒槸鏄庤閲庢樉寰暅鏄瀯鎴愭墍鏈夋樉寰暅涓粍鎴愭渶鍩烘湰鐨勫熀纭€銆傞€氳繃杩欑鏄惧井闀滆瀵熺殑鐗╀綋锛岀┛杩囬€忚繃(鍚告敹)鐜囥€佸弽灏勭巼锛屽洜鍦烘墍涓嶅悓鑰屽悇涓嶇浉鍚岋紝杩欑鐗╀綋琚О涓洪殢鐓ф槑鍏夊己搴?鎸箙)鍙樺寲鎸箙鐗╀綋锛屾棤鑹查€忔槑鐗╀綋鍙湁鍦ㄧ収鏄庣浉浣嶆敼鍙樻椂锛屾墠鑳借鑲夌溂瑙傚療鍒帮紝鐢辨柤鏄庤閲庢樉寰暅涓嶈兘鏀瑰彉鐩镐綅锛屾墍浠ュ閫忔槑涓嶆煋鑹叉爣鏈笉鑳借瑙傚療鍒般€? 鍏夊鏄惧井闀滄槸涓轰簡浣胯倝鐪肩湅涓嶆竻妤氱殑鏍囨湰褰卞儚锛屼汉浠鎯崇粡杩囦竴绉嶈缃紝浣胯倝鐪艰兘澶熻瀵熷埌璇ユ爣鏈粍缁囧舰鎬佸拰鍏堕棿鐨勭粨鏋勩€傝繖绉嶈鎯崇殑瑁呯疆灏辫鍚庝汉鍒涢€犻棶涓栦簡銆傚綋鍓嶅箍娉涘簲鐢ㄥ湪鍚勭寰皬鐗╀綋鐨勮瀵熴€佹祴瀹氥€佸垎鏋愩€佸垎绫汇€侀壌瀹氱瓑銆傚湪娉㈤暱鑼冨洿涓婁篃涓嶉檺鏂煎彲瑙佸厜娉㈡(4000~7000 )鑰屼笖(锛?000 )鍒扮孩澶?1~2u)浠ュ強鐢ㄧ溂鐫涜瀵熴€佹樉寰€佹憚褰卞拰涓€鑸緪灏勬娴嬪櫒鏀惧ぇ銆? 鏄惧井闀滅殑缁煎悎鍊嶇巼鏄墿闀滃€嶇巼g1涓庣洰闀滃€嶇巼g2鐨勪箻绉紝g锛漡1脳g2銆俫1鏄?~100鍊嶏紝g2鏄?~20鐨勮寖鍥淬€? 鏁板€煎瓟寰?numerical aperture)n.a.鏄喅瀹氱墿闀滅殑鍒嗚鲸鐜囥€佺劍娣便€佸浘鍍忎寒搴︾殑鍩烘湰鏁版嵁锛屽綋鐗╅暅鐒︾偣瀵瑰ソ鍚庯紝鐗╅暅鍓嶉€忛暅鏈€杈圭紭澶勭殑鍊炬枩鍏夌嚎涓庢樉寰暅鍏夎酱鎵€浜よ鎴?/span>伪锛屾鍗宠鐗╅暅鐨勫崐瀛斿緞瑙掕鏍囨湰鏁版嵁绌洪棿鐨勬姌灏勭巼涓簄锛屽垯n.a.锛漬脳sin伪銆? n閫氬父鍦ㄧ┖姘斾腑涓?锛屽湪鐗╅暅涓庢爣鏈棿娴稿叆姘淬€佺敇娌广€佹补鑴傛椂锛岃鏍囨湰鎶樺皠鐜囷紝鍗抽殢娴告恫涓嶅悓鑰屽紓銆傝繖绉嶇墿闀滅О涓烘蹈娑茬郴鐗╅暅锛涘鏄┖姘旀椂锛岀О涓哄共鐕ョ郴鐗╅暅銆? 鍦ㄦ樉寰暅涓婏紝闄愬埗瑙嗛噹鐨勮缃槸瑙嗛噹鍏夊湀銆備互鐗╅暅渚ц鐪嬭繖绉嶈閲庡厜鍦堟椂鐨勭洿寰勪互mm鍗曚綅琛ㄧず鐨勫€肩О涓鸿閲庢暟銆傚疄闄呰閲庯紳瑙嗛噹銆? 瀹為檯瑙嗛噹锛濊閲庢暟锛忕墿闀滃€嶇巼 渚嬪锛岃閲庢暟涓?0锛屽垯10脳鐗╅暅灏辫鐪?mm瑙嗛噹鑼冨洿銆傚簲鐢ㄨ仛鍏夐暅鏃讹紝鏍规嵁鍙彉鐨勮閲庡厜鍦堬紝鍐嶅喅瀹氶€夌敤鑱氬厜闀滅殑n.a.鍊硷紝鍏跺€兼槸鍙栧喅鏂煎彲鍙樿仛鍏夐暅瀛斿緞鍏夊湀鏉ョ‘瀹氥€? 鏄惧井闀滅殑鍙戞槑锛屼娇浜虹湅鍒颁簡璁稿浠ュ墠浠庢湭鐪嬪埌杩囩殑鐢熺墿锛屽缁嗚弻銆佺梾姣掔瓑锛屼篃浣夸汉鐪嬪埌浜嗙敓鐗╃殑璁稿寰皬缁撴瀯锛屽绾跨矑浣撶殑缁撴瀯锛屼粠鑰屽鐢熺墿瀛︾殑鍙戝睍璧风潃閲嶈鐨勬帹鍔ㄤ綔鐢ㄣ€傛樉寰暅鏄敓鐗╁鐮旂┒鐨勯噸瑕佷华鍣ㄤ箣涓€銆傚湪鍖诲銆佸伐鍐滀笟鐢熶骇涓樉寰暅涔熸湁鐫€閲嶈鐢ㄩ€旓紝渚嬪鍦ㄥ尰瀛﹁瘖鏂笂锛屽彲瀵逛汉琛€娑蹭腑鐨勭孩缁嗚優杩涜璁℃暟绛夈€?/span> 鍗佷節涓栫邯涓湡锛屼汉浠彂鏄庝簡鍏夊鏄惧井闀溿€?/span> 1665骞达紝鑻卞浗瀛﹁€呰檸鍏?robert hooke)璁捐鍒堕€犱簡棣栨灦鍏夊鏄惧井闀滐紝褰撴椂鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暟涓?0~140鍊嶏紝骞剁敤姝ら娆¤瀵熷苟鎻忚堪浜嗘鐗╃粏鑳烇紝鍚屽勾鍙戣〃銆婃樉寰浘璋便€嬩竴涔︺€?/span> 姝ゅ悗锛岃嵎鍏板鑰呭垪鏂嚶疯檸鍏?a銆倂銆俵eeuwenhoek)鐢ㄨ嚜宸辫璁＄殑鏇村厛杩涚殑鏄惧井闀滆瀵熶簡鍔ㄧ墿缁嗚優锛屽苟鎻忚堪浜嗙粏鑳炴牳鐨勫舰鎬併€傜洿鍒颁粖澶╋紝鍏夊鏄惧井鎶€鏈凡浠庢櫘閫氬寮忓厜瀛︽樉寰妧鏈彂灞曚负鑽у厜鏄惧井鎶€鏈€佸叡鐒︾偣婵€鍏夋壂鎻忔樉寰暅鎶€鏈€佹暟瀛楁垚璞℃樉寰暅鎶€鏈€佹殫鍦烘樉寰暅鎶€鏈€佺浉宸拰寰垎骞叉秹鏄惧井闀滄妧鏈拰褰曞儚澧炲姞鍙嶅樊鏄惧井闀滄妧鏈瓑绛夈€?/span> 鍙锛屽厜瀛︽樉寰妧鏈凡鎴愪负浜虹被璁よ瘑寰涓栫晫鐨勫繀瑕佸伐鍏凤紝鍊熷姪瀹冿紝浣夸汉浠璇嗕簡缁嗚優銆傜劧鑰岋紝鍑嗙‘鐨勭悊璁鸿绠楄〃鏄庯紝鍏夊鏄惧井闀滆川閲忔棤璁烘棤浣曟敼鍠?-涓嶈鏄敤澶氬皯缁勯暅鐗囷紝浣跨敤娌归暅澶磋繕鏄姞寮哄厜婧愶紝鏀惧ぇ鐜囪嚦澶?000~1500锛屽垎杈ㄦ湰棰嗚嚦澶氥€傝繖灏辨垚涓轰汉绫昏璇嗘洿灏忕殑鐗╀綋锛氱梾姣掑拰鍒嗗瓙銆佸師瀛愮殑鐡堕闂銆?/span> 钁楀悕鐗╃悊瀛﹀娴蜂粦闇嶅皵绛変汉鍦ㄧ悊璁轰笂璇佹槑锛氶檺鍒跺厜瀛︽樉寰暅鍒嗚鲸鏈鍙婃斁澶х巼鐨勫洜绱犳槸鍏夌殑娉㈤暱銆傚洜鑰屼汉浠浆鍚戝鎵句竴绉嶆垚鍍忓獟浠?-娉紝瀹冨叿鏈夊彲瑙嗐€佸彲鎷嶆憚鐓х墖銆佹尝闀跨煭銆佷笖鑳界敤瑁呯疆鏀瑰彉娉㈢殑杩愬姩璺嚎鐨勭壒鐐广€?/span> 20涓栫邯鍒濓紝鎭颁紛鏂彂鏄庝簡绱鍏夋樉寰暅锛屼娇鍒嗚鲸鐜囨湁浜嗗ぇ鎻愰珮 锛岃繖鏄竴娆¤川鐨勯璺冿紝浣嗙传澶栫嚎浠嶄笉鏄渶濂界殑鎴愬儚濯掍粙锛屼笉鑳芥弧瓒崇鐮斿拰鐢熶骇闇€瑕併€? 1926骞达紝寰峰浗绉戝瀹惰挷璁告寚鍑猴紝鍏锋湁杞村绉版€х殑纾佸満瀵圭數瀛愭潫璧风潃閫忛暅浣滅敤銆傚彲鎯滅爺绌惰€呮病鏈夎€冭檻鍒板埄鐢ㄥ畠鏀惧ぇ鐗╀綋銆?/span> 1932骞达紝鏌忔灄绉戝伐澶у鍘嬪姏瀹為獙瀹ょ殑骞磋交鐮旂┒鍛樺崲鏂崱鍜屽厠璇哄皵瀵归槾鏋佸皠绾跨ず娉㈠櫒鍋氫簡涓€浜涙敼杩涳紝鎴愬姛寰楀埌鏀惧ぇ鍑犲€嶅悗鐨勯摐缃戝浘鍍忥紝杩欏ぇ澶ч紦鑸炰簡浜轰滑锛岀‘绔嬩簡鐢靛瓙鏄惧井娉曘€?/span> 1933骞村簳锛屽崲鏂崱鍒舵垚浜嗚兘鏀惧ぇ涓€涓囧€嶇殑鐢靛瓙鏄惧井闀滐紝骞舵媿鎽勪簡閲戝睘绠斿拰绾ょ淮鐨勬斁澶у儚銆備娇鐢靛瓙鏄惧井闀滅殑鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暟瓒呰繃浜嗗厜瀛︽樉寰暅銆?/span> 1937骞达紝鏌忔灄绉戝伐澶у鐨勫厠鍔冲鍜岀﹩鍕掓垚鍔熺殑鍒跺嚭浜嗗垎杈ㄧ巼涓虹撼绫崇骇锛?0-9m锛夌殑鐢靛瓙鏄惧井闀滐紝瑗块棬瀛愬叕鍙稿緱鐭ュ悗锛屽皢涓昏绮惧姏杞埌閫傜敤鐢靛瓙鏄惧井闀滅殑鍒堕€犱笂锛屽苟鑱樿浜嗗崲鏂繘琛岀爺绌躲€傛骞达紝瑗块棬瀛愬叕鍙哥涓€鎵瑰垎杈ㄧ巼涓虹殑鐢靛瓙鏄惧井闀滀笂甯傘€?/span> 闅忓悗锛屽湪浜轰滑鐨勭爺绌朵笅锛岀數瀛愭樉寰暅鐨勮川閲忎笉鏂彁楂樸€傚浠婏紝鍏跺垎杈ㄧ巼鍜屾斁澶у€嶆暟浣夸汉浠兘鏇村噯纭湴璁よ瘑浜嗙梾姣掋€佸垎瀛愩€佸師瀛愬拰澶稿厠銆?span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> 銆愭殫瑙嗛噹鏄惧井闀溿€?/span> 鏆楄閲庢樉寰暅鐢变簬涓嶅皢閫忔槑鍏夊皠鍏ョ洿鎺ヨ瀵熺郴缁燂紝鏃犵墿浣撴椂锛岃閲庢殫榛戯紝涓嶅彲鑳借瀵熷埌浠讳綍鐗╀綋锛屽綋鏈夌墿浣撴椂锛屼互鐗╀綋琛嶅皠鍥炵殑鍏変笌鏁ｅ皠鍏夌瓑鍦ㄦ殫鐨勮儗鏅腑鏄庝寒鍙銆傚湪鏆楄閲庤瀵熺墿浣擄紝鐓ф槑鍏夊ぇ閮ㄥ垎琚姌鍥烇紝鐢变簬鐗╀綋(鏍囨湰)鎵€鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆缁撴瀯锛屽帤搴︿笉鍚岋紝鍏夌殑鏁ｅ皠鎬э紝鎶樺厜绛夐兘鏈夊緢澶х殑鍙樺寲銆? 銆愮浉浣嶅樊鏄惧井闀溿€?/span> 鐩镐綅宸樉寰樉寰暅闀滅殑缁撴瀯锛? 鐩镐綅宸樉寰暅锛屾槸搴旂敤鐩镐綅宸硶鐨勬樉寰暅銆傚洜姝わ紝姣旈€氬父鐨勬樉寰暅瑕佸鍔犱笅鍒楅檮浠讹細 (1) 瑁呮湁鐩镐綅鏉?鐩镐綅鐜舰鏉?鐨勭墿闀滐紝鐩镐綅宸墿闀溿€? 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