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本帖{zh1}由 lilywizardry 于 2010-4-26 13:15 编辑
Electric cars
电力汽车
Hub of the matter
关键的轮毂
Putting electric motors into the wheels of cars is the way forward
将马达安装到轮子上是一种先进的方法
Apr 22nd 2010 | From The Economist print edition
THERE are many innovations turning up in the latest experimental and production electric cars, affecting everything from batteries to motors to control systems. The need to make them all work together is prompting a complete rethink about the way cars should be designed and manufactured, and it is unclear which technologies will dominate as the constraints imposed by internal combustion engines give way to the new limits and possibilities associated with electric propulsion. But one group of engineers have stuck their necks out and declared that a particular technology, the electric hub motor, is likely to become the most widely used drive system.
{zx1}型的电力汽车实验版和量产版呈现了许多创新技术，这些创新的影响范围从电池组到马达，为的就是更好地控制汽车系统。要让车子整体都运作起来，人们必须对车子的设计和制造“再次思考”。当内燃发动机的系统设置参数让路给电力推进的相关限制和可能性时，哪种科技会占据优势呢，我们不得而知。但是一组技术人员阔出去，他们公开宣布：电动轮毂电机——这种新型的科技有可能被广泛应用于汽车驾驶系统中。
A hub motor, as its name suggests, is built into the hub of a wheel and drives it directly, rather than having a single motor driving the wheels via a mechanical transmission. It is an idea pioneered by Ferdinand Porsche, the founder of the carmaker of the same name, more than 100 years ago. Mr Porsche got his first job in the automotive business with Jacob Lohner in Vienna, and put electric motors into the hubs of the wheels of the Lohner-Porsche, a vehicle which made its debut at the 1900 World’s Fair in Paris. It was a hybrid car that relied on both batteries and a generator to produce electricity for its motors. Capable of more than 56kph (35mph), it also set a number of speed records.
就像它的名字所说的，轮毂电机安装在一个轮毂上，与机械传动的单引擎驱动相比，轮毂能直接驱动汽车。这项技术由保时捷的创立者费迪南德·保时捷在100多年前开发了出来。保时捷在维也纳的雅各洛纳合资汽车公司获得{dy}份工作，他将电机安装在 Lohner-Porsche（1900年巴黎世博会上首次亮相的{dy}款保时捷汽车）的轮毂上。这是一款混合动力的汽车，需要电池和发动机供给马力。Lohner-Porsche的车速能达到56公里/小时（约35英里/小时），在当时，这款汽车创造了许许多多的速度记录。
At this week’s Deutsche Messe technology show in Hanover, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute displayed an electric vehicle which they are using as a test platform to investigate new vehicle systems. It includes electric hub motors, which they have developed to be markedly more powerful than any such motors currently available. The motors have all the necessary power and control systems integrated into the wheel hub, greatly reducing the number of connections between the hub motors and the rest of the vehicle.
在本周举行的德国汉诺威技术展览会上，弗劳恩霍夫研究所的研究人员展示了一款电动汽车，他们借该次展览作为测试平台，调查{zx1}的汽车系统，调查到的系统包括电动轮毂电机，而弗劳恩霍夫研究所的研究人员已经将其发展到比一般汽车更强大。这些汽车全部具有必须能源，控制与轮毂一体的系统，这样能更大地减少轮毂和汽车其它部分的连接点。
Because hub motors can deliver power independently to each wheel, tricks like four-wheel-drive are possible. With software monitoring each wheel, stability and traction control can also be built-in. Besides dispensing with the traditional engine bay on a car, hub motors save space and weight because there is no need for a mechanical transmission, with its driveshafts and differential units.
由于轮毂电机能将动力独立输送到每个轮子，那么四轮驱动将成为可能。通过软件监控每个车轮，稳定控制系统和牵引力控制系统也能安装到车子上。除了不需在汽车上配置传统发动机舱，由于轮毂电机不需要机械传动（一般有传动轴和差别单位），轮毂电机能节省汽车空间并减少重量。
Some critics of the technology think having heavy electric motors in the wheels of cars will have a negative effect on vehicle handling. But Hermann Pleteit, a project manager with one of the 33 Fraunhofer research centres that have teamed up to work on the experimental car, says the chassis and many other parts of the vehicle can be configured in such a way to compensate for this.
部分人对此项技术有所评论，他们认为，轮子上安装了这么重的电机，人们会在汽车控制上有不良影响。但弗劳恩霍夫研究所的33个汽车实验小组之一的项目负责人赫尔曼·皮里塔特说，底盘和汽车的其它部分能分担这部分重量。
Several carmakers and component suppliers are interested in hub motors. Michelin, for one, is developing a system it calls the Active Wheel. As well as an electric motor to drive the wheel, it contains a second electric motor to operate an active suspension system that is also built into the wheel hub. Michelin reckons this arrangement, which is now being tested in cars, could make other conventional parts, like shock absorbers, unnecessary.
许多汽车制造商和零部件供应商对轮毂电机很感兴趣。米其林公司就是其中一个，它正在开发一个“活性轮胎”的系统。这款系统通过一个电机驱动轮子，同时通过第二电机控制轮毂上的主动悬架系统。米其林公司估计，这项在汽车实验中的技术将让一些传统部件（如减震器）变得不需要。
Such a wheel would, in effect, transform Michelin from being a tyremaker into an engine and suspension supplier as well. Many other such changes are coming for the companies in the automotive business, say the Fraunhofer engineers, because some parts will no longer be required for electric vehicles, but other new parts will be needed instead. So as electric propulsion takes hold, it will not just be the shape and the dynamics of the vehicles themselves that will change, but also those of automotive companies, too.
这样的轮子能将米其林公司从一个轮胎制造商转变成为引擎和悬架的供应商。弗劳恩霍夫研究所的研究人员表示，汽车业界的公司将迎来许多这样的改变，因为电力汽车不再需要一些部件，而是一些新部件取而代之。因此，当电力推进技术深深扎根，发生改变的不仅是汽车的动力和形状，还有那些汽车企业。 |
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