译文：
1　前言 近几年来，随着现代工业的发展，蝶阀的使用已从低压供水扩展到温度高于538℃，低到-184℃的介质，压力也从低到高，广泛用于空分、化工、冶金、污水处理等领域。而且口径越来越大，性能要求更高，使用寿命要求更长。当前，国内外生产的蝶阀大多数为橡胶密封和塑料密封，容易磨损和老化，达不到设备连续运行周期。以空分为例，当今以深冷分离原理为主的空分设备，其流程都采用分子筛预净化流程，工作压力为0.5～0.9MPa，介质温度的变化范围在10～200℃，其切换阀使用温差大，口径大，切换频繁，阀门橡胶密封圈容易磨损和老化，而且更换也比较困难。针对这些情况，我公司开发研制了连杆增力式金属平面密封气动蝶阀系列。这种新型蝶阀已获得国家实用型专利(专利号为：ZL 97 2 24037.3)。 2　金属平面密封气动蝶阀的特点 (1)采用杠杆式启闭结构，使密封副间相对滑动很小，减小相对磨损。 (2)执行机构采用连杆增力机构。这种机构在蝶阀处于关闭状态时，驱动装置能输出{zd0}扭矩，且具有自锁性能，工作安全可靠。 (3)采用金属平面密封结构，具有很强的耐腐蚀性和耐磨性，适用于高温环境，使用寿命长。 (4)关键部件进行了优化设计，使总的阀门启闭次数可以达到1×106次以上。 (5)该阀的控制系统采用非接触式电磁舌簧开关，不受环境条件限制，而且信号灵敏，准确性高，可以实现远程遥控，气动控制和自动控制，与设备配套时也可以实现无人操作。 3　结构及工作原理 3.1　杠杆式启闭结构 杠杆式启闭结构如图1所示。当蝶阀关闭时，主轴与杠杆用锥销紧固，绕O点按逆时针旋转，杠杆用带孔销带动蝶板AB，由压缩弹簧推动蝶板固定在杠杆的支点N上，随主轴杠杆的转动而转动。当蝶板上端B与阀体密封面全部接触而达到密封。开启过程正好相反。在启闭过程中，密封副间相对滑动很小，减小相对磨损。在关闭状态为轴向压力密封，改变传统的外力挤压密封。 3.2　连杆增力式执行机构 连杆增力式执行机构如图2所示，活塞在气源压力的作用下向右移动，活塞杆带动力臂于箱体内滑动，连杆牵动摇杆顺时针转动，输出扭矩。而连杆与摇杆长度(h)相同，均等于箱体槽心至输出中心的距离。箱体槽壁承受侧向推力F，分力P牵动摇杆转动，根据力的分析可知： P=Q/cosα　　α=sin-1(1-sinβ) M扭=Phcos(90-α-β)=Qhsin(α+β)/cos(α+β) 由上式可知，β角减小，α角增大，M扭值随之增加。当β=0°、α=90°时(蝶阀处于关闭状态)，驱动装置输出{zd0}扭矩，而在启闭过程中的扭矩较小。此特性在曲线上恰好包容了蝶阀操作扭矩曲线，满足蝶阀在关闭或开启状态时所需的密封力矩。 3.3　平面密封结构 过去的气动蝶阀密封副一般采用球面密封，密封压力是径向挤压作用力，其密封过盈量不能任意调整，密封性能取决于密封材料的过盈量，因此，设计中选择密封材料及其过盈量就显得十分重要。在工作中，特别是在分子筛预净化流程中，切换阀工作在10～200℃范围内，采用橡胶密封圈时，橡胶的线性膨胀系数很大，受温度变化影响大，过盈量很难准确确定。如果过盈量大，不但增大摩擦力，而且时常出现“啃边”和“翻舌”现象，使密封失效，过盈量小则出现泄漏。即使过盈量选择合理，而这种阀门切换频繁，经过一段时间运行后还会因磨损而失效。假如采用非橡胶密封材料，据目前资料所知，它们的弹性变形很小，径向密封过盈很难控制，制造相当复杂，成本很高。同时对橡胶密封材料来说，温度的不断变化，使橡胶密封圈因温度疲劳破坏而造成过早老化，对于大型空分设备配备的大口径气动蝶阀，更换密封圈就十分困难。 新型密封气动蝶阀则采用金属平面密封结构，阀瓣作为非易损件采用不锈钢堆焊硬质合金，阀座密封环采用铜基合金或不锈钢堆焊代钴合金，它们具有很强的耐腐蚀和耐磨性，使用温度范围大，在-40～300℃之间可以长期使用，因此，使用寿命比橡胶密封大得多。 由于阀板的运动机构采用杠杆形式，当阀板关闭后，阀板与阀座成为平面接触密封，其后杠杆相当于凸轮机构，如果主轴继续旋转，那么阀板向前继续平移达到力的平衡，有工作介质压力时，还能实现自密封，保证了密封可靠性。当整个密封面磨损后，还具有自动补偿密封磨损量的特性，从而延长了使用寿命。 由于该阀门采用合理的结构，其使用性能比国内其它阀门好，已经能够取代国外同类产品。 4　试验结果及应用情况 我公司于1997年4月首先研制成功PN1.0MPa DN300气动蝶阀，并进行了性能指标试验和模拟现场工况试验，结果如下： 4.1　性能指标试验 气源压力：0.4MPa；管道压力：0.95MPa；介质温度：常温；开启次数：1500次(要求1000次/a)；动作启闭时间：10s。 4.2　模拟现场工况试验 气源压力：0.4MPa；管道压力：0.7MPa；介质温度：150℃；开启次数：8000次(要求1000次/a)；动作启闭时间：10s；泄漏量：8000次试运行后，作气密性试验其泄漏量为零。 经过试验后，对各个部件进行检查，主密封面无磨损痕迹，执行机构的运动部件及阀内运动部件完好无损，且整体动作灵活，运行可靠。目前，这种阀门已经系列化，可以与大中小型空分设备配套使用。 此后，我们又开发出PN1.0MPa　DN400蝶阀，于1997年12月在长治钢厂六千空分设备上使用，性能良好，深受用户好评。 为了适应小型高纯氮设备流程需要，我们又组织开发了PN1.6MPa　DN150和DN200蝶阀，也被用户选用。 针对我公司为天津铁厂提供1.5万大型空分设备，1997年10月又组织开发了PN1.0MPa　DN500和DN600蝶阀，于1998年6月20日在天铁1.5万空分设备上正式使用，至今运行良好，得到用户的依赖。最近，鲁南化工厂1.6万空分设备所配套DN500　DN600阀门也将开始运行。它的成功应用标志着高压力、大口径的金属硬密封蝶阀长期依赖进口的历史已经结束，同时也填补了国内大口径金属硬密封蝶阀的应用空白。 通过实际应用，各项设计指标均达到要求，满足空分设备工艺流程的要求，该产品已经供给用户使用。目前，我公司这种阀门主要是为空分设备配套，自1997年投产以来，已经生产DN200～DN600不同规格阀门100多台，供应国内市场，另外还出口到印尼20多台也在运行当中。 金属平面密封气动蝶阀不仅适用于空分行业，也适用于化工、冶金、污水处理、煤气、石油及其它天燃气管道输送行业。尤其是天燃气输送管道所用阀门为大口径蝶阀，采用这种气动阀门既能满足密封性能的要求，又能防火保证输送的安全性，而且中间维修少，价格低，是最理想的配套产品。由此可见，金属平面密封气动蝶阀今后必将取代国内外同类产品，成为市场主导产品，具有广阔的发展前景。

“ Butterfly valve types and their characteristics ”是由提供的国际阀门新闻，译文仅供参考。另外，中国蝶阀网还提供相关产品搜索：、、 、、等。

原文：
1 Introduction In recent years, as modern industrial development, the use of butterfly valves extend from the low water temperature higher than 538 ℃, as low as -184 ℃ media, pressure from low to high, widely used in air separation, chemical, metallurgical, sewage treatment and other fields. And the diameter increases, the performance requirements are higher, may require a longer service life. At present, the majority of domestic and foreign production of butterfly rubber seal and plastic seals, easy to wear and aging, reaching less than a cycle of continuous operation of equipment. With air separation, for example, today in order to cryogenic separation principle-based air separation unit, which processes are using molecular sieve pre-purification process, the working pressure of 0.5 ~ 0.9MPa, medium temperature range of 10 ~ 200 ℃, the switching valve using the temperature big, heavy caliber, switching frequency, the valve rubber seals easy to wear and aging, but also more difficult to replace. In response to these circumstances, our company developed a metal rod by force plane Seal Pneumatic butterfly valve series. The new butterfly valve has been the national utility model patent (Patent No.: ZL 97 2 24037.3). Two metal plane sealing characteristics of pneumatic butterfly valve (1) The lever-type hoist structure, so that relative sliding between the seal pair is very small, reducing the relative wear. (2) The implementation of the sector to adopt rod force increasing mechanism. Of such institutions in the butterfly valve is turned off, the drive unit can output maximum torque, and has a self-locking performance, work safety and reliability. (3) flat metal seal structure, with strong corrosion resistance and wear resistance, suitable for high-temperature environment, long service life. (4) The key components of the optimal design, bringing the total number of valves open and close up to 1 × 106 or more times. (5) of the valve control system for the use of non-contact magnetic reed switch, not subject to environmental conditions, limitations, and the signal sensitivity, high accuracy, enables remote control, pneumatic control and automation, and equipment can be achieved when no matching to operate. 3 structure and working principle 3.1 lever-type hoist structure Lever-type open and close the structure shown in Figure 1. When the valve closed, the spindle taper pin fastening and leveraged, according to counter-clockwise rotation around the O-point, lever driven butterfly pin with perforated plate AB, by a compression spring to promote butterfly plate fixed to the lever on the fulcrum of N, with the main shaft lever rotation and rotation. When the butterfly valve plate sealing surface of the upper B and all the contacts to achieve sealing. Open the process just the opposite. In the open and close the process, the relative sliding between the seal pair is very small, reducing the relative wear. In the closed state of axial pressure seal, change the traditional external compression seal. 3.2 Linkage-style executive body force increasing Linkage-type executive body force increasing as shown in Figure 2, the piston in the gas source under pressure, the right move at the cabinets sliding rod drive arm, connecting rod affects the joystick clockwise rotation, the output torque. The length of the connecting rod and rocker (h) the same box are equivalent to the output slot cardiac center distance. Tank walls to withstand the lateral thrust Box F, pitch P affects the rocker rotation, according to power analysis shows that: P = Q / cosα α = sin-1 (1-sinβ) M Twist = Phcos (90-α-β) = Qhsin (α + β) / cos (α + β) We can see from the above equation, β angle decreases, α angle increases, M twisted values increase. When β = 0 °, α = 90 ° (for butterfly valves in the closed state), drives the output maximum torque, while in the process of torque smaller headstock. This feature in the curve just inclusive of the butterfly valve operating torque curve, to meet the butterfly valve in the closed or open state of the seal required torque. 3.3 planar sealing structure Over the past Pneumatic butterfly valve seal pair commonly used spherical seal, sealing pressure is the radial compression forces, which sealed the amount of interference can not be adjusted at will, sealing performance depends on the amount of interference sealing materials, so choose the design of sealing materials and the amount of its surplus is very important too. In their work, especially in the molecular sieve pre-purification process, switching valves work in the range of 10 ~ 200 ℃, the use of rubber seals, the rubber of the linear expansion coefficient greatly affected by temperature changes affect the large amount of interference is difficult to accurately determined. If the large amount of interference, not only increase the friction, and often a "side bite" and "turning the tongue" phenomenon, so that seal failure, a small amount of interference appeared leak. Surplus, even after a reasonable amount of choice, and this valve to switch frequently, running over a period of time will fail because of wear and tear. If the use of non-rubber sealing material, according to the information known at present, their elastic deformation is small, the radial seal of interference is difficult to control, manufacturing very complex and costly. At the same time on the rubber seal material, the temperature changing, so that rubber ring due to temperature fatigue damage caused by premature aging, for large-scale air separation unit is equipped with large-diameter pneumatic butterfly valve, the replacement ring will be very difficult. New Sealing Pneumatic Butterfly Valve is flat metal seal structure, the valve flap as a non-wearing parts made of stainless steel welding alloy, valve seat seal ring using copper alloy or stainless steel welding on behalf of the cobalt alloy, they have a strong anti-corrosion and abrasion resistance, temperature range, between -40 ~ 300 ℃ in the long-term use can, therefore, life is much greater than the rubber seal. As the valve plate lever movement organizations to adopt the form, when the valve plate closed, the valve plate and valve seat into contact with sealing plane, followed by the equivalent of cam lever, if the spindle continues to rotate, then the valve plate to move to achieve the balance of forces continues to shift , a working medium pressure, but also to achieve a self-sealing, thus ensuring the reliability of sealing. When the entire sealing surface worn, but also has automatic compensation for seal wear characteristics, thereby prolonging the service life. As the valve using reasonable structure, the use of performance than other domestic valve is good, has been able to replace the similar products abroad. 4 test results and application of My company was in April 1997 the first successful development of PN1.0MPa DN300 Pneumatic butterfly valve, and carried out performance testing and simulation of field conditions test results are as follows: 4.1 Performance Index test Air Pressure: 0.4MPa; pipe pressure: 0.95MPa; medium temperature: normal temperature; Open Views: 1500 times (requires 1000 / a); action hoist Time: 10s. 4.2 Test conditions simulated on-site Air Pressure: 0.4MPa; pipe pressure: 0.7MPa; medium temperature: 150 ℃; opening Views: 8000 times (requires 1000 / a); action hoist time: 10s; leakage: 8000 times after the trial run for gas tightness test the leakage is zero. After trial, the right to inspect the various components, the main sealing surface without signs of wear, the executing agency of the moving parts and the valve moving parts intact, and the overall movement flexible and reliable operation. At present, this valve has been serialized, with sizes supporting the use of an air separation plant. Since then, we have developed a PN1.0MPa DN400 butterfly valves, in December 1997 in Changzhi Steel 6000 air separation plants to use, good performance, well received by users. In order to meet the needs of small-scale high-purity nitrogen equipment, processes, we have developed the organization PN1.6MPa DN150 and DN200 butterfly valves, also the user selected. Tianjin Iron Works for my company to provide large-scale air separation equipment, 15000, in October 1997, it organized developed PN1.0MPa DN500 and DN600 butterfly valves, on June 20, 1998 in the days of iron 15000 formal use of air separation plants So far running well, get the user's reliance. More recently, Lunan Chemical 16000 air separation devices supporting DN500 DN600 valve will start to run. It marks the successful application of high pressure, large-diameter metal seal butterfly valve a long history of dependence on imports has ended, but also filled a large-diameter metal seal butterfly valve application blank. Through practical application, the design specifications meet the requirements both to meet the requirements of an air separation plant process, the product has been supplied to users. At present, our company such valves primarily for the air separation plant supporting, since 1997, put into production, has produced DN200 ~ DN600 valve more than 100 different specifications, supply the domestic market and also exported to Indonesia more than 20 units are in operation them. Pneumatic flat metal sealing butterfly valve is not only applicable to air separation industry, also applies to chemical, metallurgical, sewage treatment, gas, oil and other natural gas pipeline industry. In particular the natural gas pipeline used for large diameter butterfly valves, pneumatic valves using this sealing performance meets the requirements, but also fire to ensure the safety of transport, but also the middle of a small repair, low price, is the ideal accessory products. Thus, the metal flat sealing pneumatic butterfly valve in the future will replace similar products at home and abroad, to become market-driven products, and has broad prospects for development.

原文来源：