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[2010.02.06] Generation game 新生代游戏- 商业Business - ECO 论坛 ...

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本帖{zh1}由 lilywizardry 于 2010-2-7 19:26 编辑

Shell and Cosan team up on ethanol
壳牌和Cosan联合生产乙醇
Generation game
新生代游戏
A champion of futuristic biofuels embraces the old-fashioned kind
未来生物燃料的xxx和老式燃料巨头的拥抱
Feb 4th 2010 | SÃO PAULO | From The Economist print edition

RISING oil prices and mounting concern about global warming may have stoked demand for biofuels, but oilmen and farmers still have relatively little to do with one another. The biggest producers of ethanol are agribusinesses or farmers’ co-operatives growing maize (corn) in America and sugarcane in Brazil. Big Western oil firms such as Exxon Mobil and Royal Dutch Shell have confined themselves to trading biofuels and blending them into their wares, while dabbling in research into a “second generation” made not from sugar or maize but from straw, algae or agricultural waste. So the $12 billion joint venture unveiled on February 1st by Shell and Cosan, a big Brazilian producer of ethanol, marks something of a reversal.
飙升的油价和对全球气候变暖的密切xx无一不增加了对生物燃料的需求，但是是石油商和农民们却鲜有交集。{zd0}的乙醇生产商是美国种植玉米的和巴西种植甘蔗的农业企业或者农民合作社。例如埃克森美孚和皇家荷兰壳牌石油公司的石油大亨们一方面购买生物燃料并将其合成到他们的产品中，另一方面在加紧研制“二代能源”，这种能源的来源不是甘蔗或者玉米，而是稻草，藻类或者农业废料。因此，2月1日，壳牌和Cosan——一家巴西大型乙醇生产商宣布联合成立一家资产总额高达120亿美元的公司，这家公司的成立标志着一个转折。

In Brazil, the world’s most mature market for ethanol, the two firms will pool their retail operations. Globally, Shell’s sales network, which already distributes more biofuels than any other, will benefit from yet more juice. Shell will invest $1.6 billion over two years, with a view to increasing the venture’s annual output from 2 billion litres (440m gallons) to 4 billion litres or more. It will also throw in its stakes in Iogen, a Canadian outfit which is trying to make ethanol from straw, and Codexis, which makes enzymes to improve such processes. That should allow the new entity to capitalise on any technological breakthroughs in that area.
在巴西，这个世界上最为成熟的乙醇市场，两家公司将分享他们的零售业务。从全球范围内来看，壳牌的销售网络生物燃料的销售量要多于其任何一家竞争对手，而这个网络将会受益于Cosan的销售。在今后的两年中，壳牌将投资16亿美元用于合并公司，将其年产量由20亿升（约合4.4亿加仑）增加到40亿升或者更多。同时壳牌还将增持Iogen和Codexis的股份，前者是一家加拿大公司，这家公司正在试图从稻草中提炼乙醇，后者是一家生产催化提炼过程需要的酶的公司。这些都将使得新公司掌控任何在此领域的技术突破。

But Shell acknowledges that second-generation biofuels, contrary to earlier optimistic forecasts, could take as long as a decade to develop. Last year it sold its stake in Choren, an aspiring German producer of second-generation biofuels. Meanwhile, governments around the world are mandating the use of ethanol in an effort to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Brazil’s sugarcane ethanol performs much better than ethanol made from maize in that respect: Shell claims it produces 70% less carbon dioxide than petrol, mile for mile. And sugarcane needs less land than maize. That provides some defence against complaints that Shell and Cosan are depriving the poor of food, although sugar prices are at their highest for nearly 30 years.
但是壳牌公司也承认，相比以前的乐观预计，二代生物燃料的研制将花费将近十年的时间。去年，壳牌出售了其在Choren的股份，Choren是一家有志从事二代生物燃料生产的德国公司公司。同时，世界各国政府都在强制使用乙醇燃料来介绍温室气体的排放。巴西的甘蔗乙醇在限制温室气体排放方面的表现要优于美国的玉米乙醇：根据壳牌的说法，巴西的甘蔗乙醇每英里的二氧化碳排放量比汽油要少70%。而种植甘蔗所需要的土地不种植玉米要少。这使得壳牌和Cosan面对那些指责他们剥落了穷人食物的指控有了些底气，尽管糖价飙升到了30年以来的历史{zg}点（译者注：糖主要从甘蔗提炼，甘蔗被生产乙醇，糖的来源将变少）。

If the combination constitutes an admission that Shell’s hopes for second-generation biofuels have stalled, it also marks an acceleration of Cosan’s ambitions. The firm has grown rapidly in recent years thanks to a series of mergers. With few obvious takeover targets left in Brazil, this deal offers the firm expanded horizons.
如果这次合并被看作是壳牌的二代生物燃料梦遇阻的标志，那么它同样加速了Cosan做大的野心。一系列的合并使得Cosan的规模在近年迅速壮大。在可收购目标所剩无几的巴西，这次合并扩大了Cosan的视线（译者注：使得Cosan将合并目标投向国外）。

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