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Figure 1-1 illustrates the major components of the CY8C34
family. They are:
8051 CPU Subsystem
Nonvolatile Subsystem
Programming, Debug, and Test Subsystem
Inputs and Outputs
Clocking
Power
Digital Subsystem
Analog Subsystem
PSoC’s digital subsystem provides half of its unique configurability.
It connects a digital signal from any peripheral to any
pin through the Digital System Interconnect (DSI). It also
provides functional flexibility through an array of small, fast, low
power Universal Digital Blocks (UDBs). PSoC Creator provides
a library of pre-built and tested standard digital peripherals
(UART, SPI, LIN, PRS, CRC, timer, counter, PWM, AND, OR,
and so on) that are mapped to the UDB array. The designer can
also easily create a digital circuit using boolean primitives by
means of graphical design entry. Each UDB contains Programmable
Array Logic (PAL)/Programmable Logic Device (PLD)
functionality, together with a small state machine engine to
support a wide variety of peripherals.
In addition to the flexibility of the UDB array, PSoC also provides
configurable digital blocks targeted at specific functions. For the
CY8C34 family these blocks can include four 16-bit timer,
counter, and PWM blocks; I2C slave, master, and multi-master;
Full-Speed USB; and Full CAN 2.0b.
For more details on the peripherals see the “Example Peripherals”
section on page 35 of this data sheet. For information on
UDBs, DSI, and other digital blocks, see the “Digital Subsystem”
section on page 35 of this data sheet.
PSoC’s analog subsystem is the second half of its unique configurability.
All analog performance is based on a highly accurate
absolute voltage reference with less than 0.9% error over
temperature and voltage. The configurable analog subsystem
includes:
Analog muxes
Comparators
Voltage references
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs)
All GPIO pins can route analog signals into and out of the device
using the internal analog bus. This allows the device to interface
up to 62 discrete analog signals. The heart of the analog
subsystem is a fast, accurate, configurable Delta-Sigma ADC
with these features:
Less than 100 霽 offset
A gain error of 0.2%
Integral Non Linearity (INL) less than 1 LSB
Differential Non Linearity (DNL) less than 1 LSB
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) better than 70 dB (Delta-Sigma) in
12-bit mode
This converter addresses a wide variety of precision analog
applications including some of the most demanding sensors.
Two high speed voltage or current DACs support 8-bit output
signals at update rate of 8 Msps in current DAC (IDAC) and 1
Msps in voltage DAC (VDAC). They can be routed out of any
GPIO pin. You can create higher resolution voltage PWM DAC
outputs using the UDB array. This can be used to create a pulse
width modulated (PWM) DAC of up to 10 bits, at up to 48 kHz.
The digital DACs in each UDB support PWM, PRS, or
delta-sigma algorithms with programmable widths.
In addition to the ADC and DACs, the analog subsystem
provides multiple:
Uncommitted opamps
Configurable Switched Capacitor/Continuous Time (SC/CT)
blocks. These support:
Transimpedance amplifiers
Programmable gain amplifiers
Mixers
Other similar analog components
See the “Analog Subsystem” section on page 48 of this data
sheet for more details.
PSoC’s 8051 CPU subsystem is built around a single cycle
pipelined 8051 8-bit processor running at up to 48 MHz. The
CPU subsystem includes a programmable nested vector
interrupt controller, DMA controller, and RAM. PSoC’s nested
vector interrupt controller provides low latency by allowing the
CPU to vector directly to the first address of the interrupt service
routine, bypassing the jump instruction required by other architectures.
The DMA controller enables peripherals to exchange
data without CPU involvement. This allows the CPU to run
slower (saving power) or use those CPU cycles to improve the
performance of firmware algorithms. The single cycle 8051 CPU
runs ten times faster than a standard 8051 processor. The
processor speed itself is configurable allowing active power
consumption to be tuned for specific applications.PSoC’s nonvolatile subsystem consists of Flash, byte-writeable
EEPROM, and nonvolatile configuration options. It provides up
to 64 KB of on-chip Flash. The CPU can reprogram individual
blocks of Flash, enabling boot loaders. The designer can enable
an Error Correcting Code (ECC) for high reliability applications.
A powerful and flexible protection model secures the user’s
sensitive information, allowing selective memory block locking
for read and write protection. Up to 2 KB of byte-writable
EEPROM is available on-chip to store application data.
Additionally, selected configuration options such as boot speed
and pin drive mode are stored in nonvolatile memory. This allows
settings to activate immediately after power on reset (POR).
The three types of PSoC I/O are extremely flexible. All I/Os have
many drive modes that are set at POR. PSoC also provides up
to four I/O voltage domains through the Vddio pins. Every GPIO
has analog I/O, LCD drive[1], CapSense[4], flexible interrupt
generation, slew rate control, and digital I/O capability. The SIOs
on PSoC allow Voh to be set independently of Vddio when used
as outputs. When SIOs are in input mode they are high
impedance. This is true even when the device is not powered or
when the pin voltage goes above the supply voltage. This makes
the SIO ideally suited for use on an I2C bus where the PSoC may
not be powered when other devices on the bus are. The SIO pins
also have high current sink capability for applications such as
LED drives. The programmable input threshold feature of the
SIO can be used to make the SIO function as a general purpose
analog comparator. For devices with Full-Speed USB the USB
physical interface is also provided (USBIO). When not using
USB these pins may also be used for limited digital functionality
and device programming. All the features of the PSoC I/Os are
covered in detail in the “I/O System and Routing” section on
page 29 of this data sheet.
The PSoC device incorporates flexible internal clock generators,
designed for high stability and factory trimmed for high accuracy.
The Internal Main Oscillator (IMO) is the master clock base for
the system, and has 1% accuracy at 3 MHz. The IMO can be
configured to run from 3 MHz up to 45 MHz. Multiple clock derivatives
can be generated from the main clock frequency to meet
application needs. The device provides a PLL to generate
system clock frequencies up to 48 MHz from the IMO, external
crystal, or external reference clock. It also contains a separate,
very low power Internal Low Speed Oscillator (ILO) for the sleep
and watchdog timers. A 32.768 kHz external watch crystal is also
supported for use in Real Time Clock (RTC) applications. The
clocks, together with programmable clock dividers, provide the
flexibility to integrate most timing requirements.
The CY8C34 family supports a wide supply operating range from
1.71 to 5.5V. This allows operation from regulated supplies such
as 1.8 ± 5%, 2.5V ±10%, 3.3V ± 10%, or 5.0V ± 10%, or directly
from a wide range of battery types. In addition, it provides an
integrated high efficiency synchronous boost converter that can
power the device from supply voltages as low as 0.5V. This
enables the device to be powered directly from a single battery
or solar cell. In addition, the designer can use the boost converter
to generate other voltages required by the device, such as a 3.3V
supply for LCD glass drive. The boost’s output is available on the
Vboost pin, allowing other devices in the application to be
powered from the PSoC.
PSoC supports a wide range of low power modes. These include
a 200 nA hibernate mode with RAM retention and a 1 霢 sleep
mode with real time clock (RTC). In the second mode the
optional 32.768 kHz watch crystal runs continuously and
maintains an accurate RTC.
Power to all major functional blocks, including the programmable
digital and analog peripherals, can be controlled independently
by firmware. This allows low power background processing
when some peripherals are not in use. This, in turn, provides a
total device current of only 1.2 mA when the CPU is running at 6
MHz or 0.8 mA running at 3 MHz.
The details of the PSoC power modes are covered in the “Power
System” section on page 25 of this data sheet.
PSoC uses JTAG (4 wire) or Serial Wire Debug (SWD) (2 wire)
interfaces for programming, debug, and test. The 1-wire Single
Wire Viewer (SWV) may also be used for “printf” style debugging.
By combining SWD and SWV, the designer can implement a full
debugging interface with just three pins. Using these standard
interfaces enables the designer to debug or program the PSoC
with a variety of hardware solutions from Cypress or third party
vendors. PSoC supports on-chip break points and 4 KB
instruction and data race memory for debug. Details of the
programming, test, and debugging interfaces are discussed in
the “Programming, Debug Interfaces, Resources” section on
page 57 of this data sheet.
2. Pinouts
The Vddio pin that supplies a particular set of pins is indicated
by the black lines drawn on the pinout diagrams in Figure 2-1
through Figure 2-4. Using the Vddio pins, a single PSoC can
support multiple interface voltage levels, eliminating the need for
off-chip level shifters. Each Vddio may sink up to 100 mA total to
its associated I/O pins and opamps. On the 68 pin and 100 pin
devices each set of Vddio associated pins may sink up to 100
mA. The 48 pin device may sink up to 100 mA total for all Vddio0
plus Vddio2 associated I/O pins and 100 mA total for all Vddio1
plus Vddio3 associated I/O pins.