鍓?span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> 瑷€
涓轰簡鎻村銆佹垬澶囩揣鎬ヤ换鍔＄殑闇€瑕侊紝鍥藉绉戝銆佷腑鍥戒汉姘戣В鏀惧啗鎬诲悗鍕ら儴浜?/span>1967骞?/span>5鏈?/span>23鏃ュ湪鍖椾含楗簵鍙紑浜?ldquo;鐤熺柧闃叉不鑽墿鐮旂┒宸ヤ綔鍗忎綔浼氳”锛堟鍚庨」鐩唬鍙风О523浠诲姟锛夛紝缁勭粐鍥藉閮ㄥ銆佸啗闃熺洿灞炲強10鐪併€佸競銆佽嚜娌诲尯鍜屾湁鍏冲啗鍖虹殑鍖昏嵂绉戠爺銆佸尰鐤椼€佹暀瀛︺€佺敓浜х瓑鍗曚綅锛岄拡瀵圭儹甯﹀湴鍖烘姉鑽€ф伓鎬х枱鐤句弗閲嶅奖鍝嶉儴闃熸垬鏂楀姏鐨勯棶棰橈紝寮€灞曢槻娌昏嵂鐗╃殑鐮旂┒銆備粠姝ゆ媺寮€浜嗘姉鐤熸柊鑽爺绌剁殑搴忓箷銆?/span>
523浠诲姟鏄湪涓€涓壒娈婂巻鍙叉潯浠朵笅锛岀敱鍏ㄥ浗60澶氫釜绉戠爺鍗曚綅銆?/span>500澶氬悕绉戠爺浜哄憳缁勬垚鐨勪竴涓鐮旈泦浣擄紝鍦ㄥ叏鍥?/span>523棰嗗灏忕粍缁熶竴鐨勭粍缁囩鐞嗕笅鍏卞悓鎵ц鐨勪竴椤圭壒娈婄殑浣垮懡銆傚悓蹇椾滑鑳藉弬鍔犺繖椤规瘺娉戒笢涓诲腑鍜屽懆鎭╂潵鎬荤悊鎵€鍏冲績鐨勫伐浣滈兘鎰熷埌鏃犲皻鍏夎崳銆傚悓鏃讹紝鎻村銆佹垬澶囩殑閲嶄换锛屾垚涓烘縺鍔辫繖鏀槦浼嶉〗寮烘嫾鎼忋€佹棤绉佸鐚殑寮哄ぇ鍔ㄥ姏銆傜粡杩?/span>13骞达紙1967~1980锛夎壈鑻﹀鎴橈紝杩欐敮闃熶紞鐮斿埗鍑轰竴绯诲垪琛屼箣鏈夋晥鐨勭枱鐤鹃闃层€佹不鐤椼€佹€ユ晳鑽墿锛屽苟鍙栧緱鍏朵粬绉戠爺鎴愭灉100浣欓」锛屽湪鍦嗘弧瀹屾垚姝ら」浠诲姟涓紝浠庣鍥藉尰鑽疂搴撲腑鍙戞帢鍑轰簡鏂颁竴浠ｆ姉鐤熻嵂 ---- 闈掕捒绱犲強鍏惰鐢熺墿銆?/span>
闈掕捒绱犲強鍏惰鐢熺墿鐨勫彂鏄庯紝鏄笘鐣屾姉鐤熻嵂鐮旂┒鍙戝睍鍙蹭笂缁у瀹佷箣鍚庣殑涓€涓噸澶х獊鐮达紝鏄户鎵垮彂鎵垜鍥藉尰鑽閬椾骇鐨勪竴椤归噸澶х鐮旀垚鏋滐紝鏄ぞ浼氫富涔夊ぇ鍗忎綔鐨勪竴鏇插嚡姝岋紝涔熸槸鎴戝浗瀵逛笘鐣屾姉鐤熺伃鐤熺殑宸ㄥぇ璐＄尞銆?/span>
澶氬勾鏉ワ紝WHO锛堜笘鐣屽崼鐢熺粍缁囷級鍦ㄥ鎴戝浗闈掕捒绱犵被鎶楃枱鐤捐嵂鐮旂┒鎶ュ憡杩涜璁鸿瘉鍚庯紝浠?/span>1995骞磋捣锛岄檰缁皢鎴戝浗鐮斿彂鐢熶骇鐨勮捒鐢查啔銆侀潚钂跨惀閰拰钂跨敳閱氾紞鏈姶閱囧鏂瑰垪鍏ヤ簡WHO绗?/span>9銆?/span>11鍜?/span>12鐗堛€婂熀鏈嵂鐗╃洰褰曘€?/span>(Essential Medicine List)锛屾帹鑽愮粰涓栫晫鍚勫浗銆傝繖鏄鎴戝浗鍙戞槑鍜岃嚜涓荤爺鍙戞柊鑽殑鑲畾銆傜敱鎴戝浗鑷鐮斿埗鐨勯潚钂跨礌绫绘姉鐤熻嵂杩涘叆WHO鍩烘湰鑽墿鐩綍锛屽湪鍘嗗彶涓婅繕鏄涓€娆°€?/span>2006骞?/span>1鏈堬紝WHO宸插甯冮潚钂跨礌绫昏嵂鐗╂槸鍏ㄧ悆鏈潵閬忓埗鐤熺柧鐨勫笇鏈涳紝骞舵槑纭姹備换浣曚竴涓浗瀹跺湪鏀瑰彉鏈浗鐜版湁鎶楃枱鏀跨瓥鏃讹紝蹇呴』浣跨敤鍚湁闈掕捒绱犵被鑽墿鐨勫鏂?/span>鎴栬仈鍚堢敤鑽?/span>[1]銆傜敱鎴戝浗鍙戞槑鐨勫垱鏂拌嵂鐗╅潚钂跨礌璧板湪涓栫晫鎶楃枱鑽爺绌跺紑鍙戠殑鍓嶅垪銆?/span>
缇庡浗鍑虹増鐨勫彜寰锋浖鍜屽悏灏旀浖涓荤紪鐨勩€婃不鐤楀鐨勮嵂鐞嗗鍩虹銆嬩竴涔︽槸涓€鏈浗闄呭叕璁ょ殑缁忓吀鑽悊瀛︽暀绉戜功銆傝嚜1941骞寸1鐗堥棶涓栧悗锛屾瘡5骞村啀鐗?/span>1娆★紝鑷充粖锛?/span>2005骞达級宸插嚭鐗堜簡11鐗堬紝鐣呴攢鍏ㄧ悆銆傝涔﹁杞界殑鎶楃枱鑽紝40澶氬勾鏉ラ兘鎶婃隘鍠瑰仛涓洪閫夋姉鐤熻嵂銆傝€屼粠绗?/span>10鐗堬紙2001骞达級寮€濮嬶紝鍒欏皢鎴戝浗鍙戞槑鐨勯潚钂跨礌鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗╂敼鍒椾负鎶楃枱鑽殑棣栭€夎嵂鐗┿€傛隘鍠瑰強鍏跺悓绫昏嵂鐗╁垪涓虹3浣?/span>[2]銆?/span>2004骞寸編鍥藉浗瀹跺嚭鐗堢ぞ鎶ラ亾锛氬尰瀛︾爺绌舵墍锛?/span>IOM锛夊鍛樹細鎻愬嚭鍏充簬鎶楃枱鑽殑缁忔祹闂锛屽缓璁姞閫熼噰绾充互闈掕捒绱犱负鍩虹鐨勭患鍚堢枟娉曪紙ACTs锛夛紝鎸囧嚭杩欐槸鏈€閲嶈鐨勬帶鍒剁枱鐤剧殑鎺柦銆傞潚钂跨礌鏄敮涓€琚編鍥?/span>FDA鎵瑰噯鍦ㄧ編鍥戒笂甯傜殑涓浗鐮斿埗鐨勮嵂鍝併€?/span>
2002骞?/span>3鏈?/span>14鏃ワ紝缇庡浗銆婅繙涓滅粡娴庤瘎璁恒€嬫潅蹇楀彂琛ㄧ殑涓€绡囬涓恒€婁腑鍥介潻鍛芥€х殑鍖诲鍙戠幇锛氶潚钂跨礌鏀诲厠鐤熺柧銆嬬殑璇勮鎸囧嚭锛氬綋鏃惰秺鍗楁垬鐏噧鐑ф閰ｏ紝涓轰簡鏀寔娌冲唴锛屼粬浠€ユ鍦ㄦ渶鐭殑鏃堕棿鍐呯爺鍒跺嚭鑳藉鏈夋晥鎺у埗鐤熺柧鐨勮嵂鐗┿€傜粡杩囧叏鍥借寖鍥村唴澶ц妯＄殑鍚堜綔鐮旂┒锛屼腑鍥藉尰瀛﹀伐浣滆€呬滑灏嗚繖椤瑰彂鐜版垚鍔熷湴杩愮敤鍒颁复搴婃不鐤楃枱鐤俱€備粠閭ｆ椂璧凤紝涓€浜涙洿鏈夋晥鐨勯潚钂跨礌琛嶇敓鐗╂姉鐤熻嵂鍦ㄤ腑鍥界殑鐮旂┒涓績閲岃鐮旂┒鎴愬姛銆傛煡鐞嗗痉·娴锋仼鏂紙Richard Haynes锛夋暀鎺堝湪璇ヨ瘎璁轰腑璁や负锛?ldquo;杩欓」鐮旂┒鏄暣涓?/span>20涓栫邯涓嬪崐鍙舵渶浼熷ぇ鐨勫尰瀛﹀垱涓?rdquo;锛?ldquo;鏄腑鍥戒汉浼熷ぇ鐨勭瀛﹀彂鐜?rdquo;锛?ldquo;鐪熸璁╀粬浠殑澶栧浗鍚岃浠埉鐩浉鐪嬬殑鏄紝涓浗鐮旂┒浜哄憳鍦ㄨ繘琛岄珮灏栫鐨勭瀛﹀疄楠屾椂锛屼娇鐢ㄧ殑鍏ㄩ兘鏄タ鏂瑰浗瀹舵棭灏卞純涔嬩笉鐢ㄧ殑钀藉悗浠櫒” [3]銆備汉浠緢鎯崇煡閬擄紝20涓栫邯70骞翠唬锛屼腑鍥藉浗鍐呭舰鍔垮緢涓嶇ǔ瀹氾紝褰撴椂绉戠爺璁炬柦銆佽澶囪惤鍚庯紝涓轰粈涔堣兘澶熷湪寰堢煭鐨勬椂闂撮噷锛岀爺鍒跺嚭濡傛楂樻按骞崇殑鎴愭灉銆?/span>
闅忕潃闈掕捒绱犵被鑽墿鍦ㄥ浗闄呬笂鐨勫０鏈涜秺鏉ヨ秺楂橈紝鍥藉唴澶栨湁浜涘鑰呭鐮旂┒闈掕捒绱犵殑鍘嗗彶涔熻〃鐜颁簡鏋佹祿鍘氱殑鍏磋叮锛岀悍绾峰悜鏈夊叧鍗曚綅鍜屼汉鍛樼害绋匡紝鎴栬姹傞噰璁裤€傛湁鐨勫凡寮€濮嬫挵鍐欓潚钂跨礌鐨勫彂鏄庡巻鍙层€傞潚钂跨礌鍙戞槑鍙叉鎴愪负涓€涓儹闂ㄧ殑棰樻潗銆備綔涓哄綋骞?/span>523浠诲姟鍜岄潚钂跨礌鐮斿彂鐨勪富瑕佺粍缁囩鐞嗚€咃紝鍘熷叏鍥?/span>523棰嗗灏忕粍鍙婂叾鍔炲叕瀹わ紝鍚勫湴鍖?/span>523鍔炲叕瀹ょ殑浜哄憳浠ュ強閮ㄥ垎鏇惧弬鍔犺繖椤圭爺绌剁殑绉戞妧浜哄憳锛岄兘娣辨劅鏈夎矗浠绘妸鎵€浜茶韩缁忓巻鐨勮繖涓€鍘嗗彶杩囩▼浠嬬粛鍑烘潵锛屼负瀵规鎰熷叴瓒ｇ殑鍥藉唴澶栧尰銆佽嵂瀛﹀銆佷紶濯掔瓑鏈夊叧浜哄＋锛屾彁渚涚湡瀹炴湁鎹殑鍙傝€冭祫鏂欍€?/span>
鐢变簬523浠诲姟缁撴潫澶氬勾锛岄潚钂跨礌鐮旂┒宸ヤ綔娑夊強鐨勫崟浣嶅緢澶氾紝浠呬负闈掕捒绱犳垚鏋滈壌瀹氫細鎻愪緵瀹為獙鐮旂┒璧勬枡鐨勫氨澶氳揪45涓紝鍏朵粬鐭湡鍙傚姞閮ㄥ垎宸ヤ綔鐨勫崟浣嶆洿澶氾紝鏈祫鏂欐棤娉曟妸姣忎釜鍗曚綅銆佹瘡椤瑰伐浣滅殑缁嗚妭閮借缁嗘彁鍒帮紝鍙兘瀵圭爺绌惰繃绋嬩富瑕佹儏鍐典綔涓€姒傝堪銆?/span>
|
