1860骞达紝娆ф床鏌愬闄㈠闈㈤鍘呯殑鑰佹澘锛岀粡甯告妸瀛︾敓浠墿鍦ㄧ洏瀛愰噷鐨勮彍鍥炴敹锛屽啀鐑у埌涓嬩竴椁愮殑鑿滈噷鍞嚭銆傚ぇ瀛︾敓浠櫧鏈夋€€鐤戯紝鏁村ぉ鍚靛惖鐫€璺熻€佹澘鐞嗚锛屼絾鑰佹澘閾佸槾閽㈢墮锛屽潥鎸佽鍘熸枡閮芥槸鏂伴矞鐨勶紝澶у鐢熶滑鎶撲笉鍒伴棣嗗仛鍋囩殑璇佹嵁锛屽共鐫€鎬ャ€傤€?/font>
鏈変竴澶╋紝鍑犱釜瀛︾敓鍋峰伔鍦ㄥご涓€澶╁墿涓嬬殑鑲夌墖涓拻涓婁簺鏃犳瘨鐨勬隘鍖栭攤锛岀浜屽ぉ甯︾潃涓€涓鍨嬫€姸鐨勪华鍣ㄦ潵鍒伴鍘呬拱鑲夋堡銆傚彧瑙佸鐢熶滑鎶婄粡杩囨礂娑ゃ€佸姞姘寸啲鍒剁殑鑲夋堡锛屽彇鍑犳淮鏀惧湪鐏劙涓婏紝鍙戝嚭鑰€鐪肩殑绾㈠厜锛屽湪浠櫒鍚庨潰鍑虹幇涓€鏉℃槑浜殑绾㈢嚎鍜屼竴鏉¤緝鏆楃殑姗欑嚎銆傚鐢熶滑涓€杈规紨绀猴紝涓€杈瑰姝よ繖鑸湴璁茶В涓€閫氾紝鍙椁愰鑰佹澘鍚簡澶翠笂鐩村啋铏氭睏锛岄┈涓婅€锋媺涓嬭剳琚嬶紝绔熺劧涔栦箹鍚戝鐢熶滑璁ら敊浜嗐€傤€?/font>
姝h薄涓夎仛姘拌兒濂剁矇浜嬩欢涓€鏍凤紝鏈夊叧椋熷搧瀹夊叏鐨勬娴嬫妧鏈紝鍦ㄤ粖澶╃湅鏉ラ兘鏄竴浠堕潪甯告鎵嬮棶棰樸€備竴鐧句簲鍗佸勾鍓嶇殑澶у鐢熶滑鐢ㄤ粈涔堢殑绁炲娉曞疂锛屾埑绌块棣嗚€佹澘鐨勪互鍔h川娉旀按涓嬭剼鏂欏厖褰撳ソ椋熷搧鐨勯獥浜烘妸鎴忕殑锛岃繕瑕佷粠涓や釜澶х瀛﹀鍜屼竴闂ㄥ彜鑰佸绉?ldquo;鍏夎氨瀛?rdquo;璇磋捣銆?/font>
濡傛灉鏈夋満浼氬幓鍖栧瀹為獙瀹わ紝鍙互瑙傚療涓€涓嬮厭绮剧伅鐐圭噧鏃剁伀鐒扮殑棰滆壊锛屽啀鍒嗗埆鍦ㄧ伅鑺鎾?/font>涓€鐐圭偣閽犵洂銆侀捑鐩愩€侀攤鐩?hellip;…鐐圭噧閰掔簿鐏悗鍐嶈瀵熺伅鐒扮殑棰滆壊锛屼細鍙戠幇鐏劙鍒嗗埆鏀惧嚭鏄庝寒鐨勯粍鍏夈€佺传鍏夈€佺孩鍏?hellip;…杩欎細浣夸綘鏈変粈涔堢伒鎰?span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">?鐗╄川涓庡畠鐕冪儳鏃剁伀鐒扮殑棰滆壊鏄惁鏈夌潃涓€瀹氳仈绯汇€?span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">
鐨勭‘濡傛銆備竴鐧句簲鍗佸勾鍓嶅寲瀛﹀銆丅unsen鐏殑鍙戞槑鑰呬篃娉ㄦ剰鍒颁簡杩欎竴鐐广€傚彧涓嶈繃锛屼粬鎵€浣跨敤鐨凚unsen鐏瘮閰掔簿鐏鏇村畬缇庝竴浜涖€傤€?/font>
Bunsen鐏槸涓€绉嶇伀鐒颁笉鍐掔儫銆佺伀鑸屽ぇ灏忓彲璋冪殑鐏紝瀹冨彲浠ュ彂鍑烘竻娲佹棤鑹茬殑鍏夛紝骞朵笖绠€鍗曡€屽張渚垮埄锛屽嵆浣夸粖澶╋紝涓€浜涘疄楠屽涔熻繕鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄧ潃銆傤€?/font>
Bunsen鍦ㄨ瀵熻嚜宸辩殑鏉颁綔鎵€鍙戝嚭鐨勬棤鑹插厜鏃讹紝涔熸敞鎰忓埌浜嗙伀鐒版湁鏃朵細鏌撲笂绉嶇鏋佸叾缇庝附鐨勯鑹诧紝骞朵笖涓庢斁鍏ョ殑鐗╄川鎴愬垎鏈夊叧銆備粬涔熺煡閬擄紝鏈変簺鍖栧瀹舵棭灏辫鎯筹細鍑€熺伀鐒伴鑹叉潵璇嗗埆鐗╄川銆傚彧鏄瘡涓€绉嶅緟鍒嗘瀽鐨勭墿璐紝鎬讳細鍚湁鏉傝川锛屼笉鍚屽厓绱犲彂鍑虹殑鍏夌劙娣峰湪涓€璧凤紝灏辫浜哄緢闅惧垎娓呬簡銆傤€?/font>
杩欑殑纭槸涓毦棰橈紝浣嗙墿鐞嗗瀹惰繕鏄湁鍔炴硶鐨勩€侭unsen鐨勬湅鍙婯irchhoff瀵逛粬璇达細“……鏈€濂藉埆鐩存帴瑙傚療鐏劙锛屽簲璇ヨ瀵熺伀鐒扮殑鍏夎氨銆傞偅鏍峰仛鏃讹紝鎵€鏈夌殑棰滆壊閮戒細娓呮澶氫簡銆?rdquo;閭f椂鐨勭墿鐞嗗瀹跺凡缁忕煡閬擄紝涓夋1闀滃彲浠ユ妸鐧借壊鐨勯槼鍏夎壊鏁e紑鏉ワ紝鎴愪负涓冪棰滆壊銆傤€?/font>
鐪熺殑鑳借鍚?span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">?Bunsen甯︾潃浠栫簿蹇冩彁绾殑鍑犵鐩愬拰浠栭偅瀹濊礉Bunsen鐏紝鏉ュ埌浜咾irchhoff鐨勭墿鐞嗗疄楠屽銆備袱涓汉寮€濮嬩簡“鐗╄川鐏劙棰滆壊”鐨勮瀵熺爺绌躲€傤€?/font>
瑙傚療鐗╄川鍙戝厜鐨勪华鍣ㄦ槸Kirchhoff鐢ㄧ洿绛掓湜杩滈暅銆佷笁妫遍暅鍜屼竴鍙洩鑼勭儫鐩掓嫾鍑戣捣鏉ョ殑锛屼篃灏辨槸鎴戜滑鐜板湪鎵€浣跨敤鐨勫垎鍏夐暅鐨勯洀褰€侹irchhoff鎶婅嚜宸辩殑鏉颁綔——鍒嗗厜闀滆皟鑺傚ソ锛屽鍑咮unsen鐏殑鐏劙瑙傚療锛岀伅鐒拌媿鐧斤紝鍑犱箮娌℃湁鍏夎氨銆?
Bunsen鐫€鎵嬪悜鐏劙杈撻€佸悇绉嶇墿璐ㄥ井绮掞細浠栫敤涓€鏍圭櫧閲戜笣鎸戝叆涓€鐐归鐩?mdash;—姘寲閽狅紝鐏劙绔嬪埢鏈変簡鍏夎氨.
“鎴戠湅瑙佷袱鏉¢粍绾垮苟鎺掑湪涓€璧凤紝姝ゅ浠€涔堜篃娌℃湁浜嗐€傝儗鏅槸榛戣壊鐨勶紝榛戣壊鑳屾櫙涓婃湁涓ゆ潯榛勯粍鐨勭┖闅欍€?rdquo;Kirchhoff璇淬€?/font>
鏀圭敤閽犵殑鍏朵粬鐩愶細纰抽吀閽犮€佺~閰搁挔銆佺閰搁挔鎵€鐢熺殑鍏夎氨锛屽叏閮芥槸榛戣壊鑳屾櫙涓婃湁涓ゆ潯榛勭嚎锛屽苟涓旇繖涓ゆ潯榛勭嚎杩樻案杩滃嚭鐜板湪鍚屼竴浣嶇疆銆傤€?/font>
浠栦滑浣滃嚭浜嗚В閲婏細鍙楀埌鍔犵儹鐨勯挔鐩愮珛鍒诲垎瑙o紝鍏朵腑鐨勯挔椹笂鍖栦负鐧界儹鐨勮捀姘旓紝鐧界儹鐨勯挔钂告皵鍙戝嚭浜嗘案杩滀笉鍙樼殑榛勫厜銆傚綋閽犵洂鎸ュ彂瀹屾瘯鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鐏劙鍙堟仮澶嶄簡鏃犺壊鐨勫師鐘躲€傤€?/font>
Bunsen鐢ㄦ礂鍑€鐨勭櫧閲戜笣鎸戣捣浜嗗嚑绮掗捑鐩愭斁鍏ョ伅鐒般€?/font>
“鎴戠湅瑙佷簡榛戞殫鐨勮儗鏅紝涓婇潰鏈変竴鏉$传绾垮拰涓€鏉$孩绾裤€備袱鏉¤氨绾垮綋涓殑鍏夎氨锛屽樊涓嶅鏄繛鎴愪竴鐗囩殑锛屼笂闈竴鏉℃槑浜嚎鏉′篃娌℃湁銆?rdquo;
鎵€鏈夐攤鐩愮殑鍏夎氨锛岄兘鏄竴鏉℃槑浜殑绾㈢嚎鍜屼竴鏉¤緝鏆楃殑姗欑嚎銆傤€?/font>
鎵€鏈夐敹鐩愮殑鍏夎氨锛岄兘鏄竴鏉℃槑浜殑钃濈嚎鍜屽嚑鏉℃殫绾㈢嚎銆傤€?/font>
……顎?/font>
姣忎竴绉嶅厓绱犻兘鍙兘鍙戝嚭鏌愪簺鐗瑰畾棰戠巼鐨勫厜锛屾湁瀹冩墍鐗规湁鐨勫厜璋辩嚎——鐗瑰緛璋辩嚎锛岃€屼笖瀹冧滑鐨勮氨绾胯繕鍚勪笉鐩稿悓銆傚氨鍍忔垜浠瘡涓汉閮芥湁鐫€浜掍笉鐩稿悓鐨勬寚绾逛竴鏍凤紝鎸囩汗鍙嶆槧浜嗘煇涓€涓汉鐗规湁鐨勪俊鎭紝鏄釜浜虹壒寰佺殑鍗拌抗銆傤€?/font>
“搴旇鎶婁竴鍒囬兘鐢讳笅鏉ャ€傚挶浠緱鎶婃墍鏈夌殑鍏夎氨璁板綍鍦ㄧ焊涓婏紝灏嗘潵鎵嶆湁搴曟牱鍙互姣旇緝銆?rdquo;Kirchhoff璇淬€?/font>
杩欐牱锛屼竴鏈褰曠潃鍚勭鍏冪礌绉樺瘑鍗拌抗鐨勫師瀛愬厜璋卞浘闆嗚癁鐢熶簡銆傤€?/font>
涓や汉浼氭剰鐨勫疄楠屽苟娌℃湁缁撴潫锛屽畠绠€鐩村彉鎴愪簡鐚滆皽娓告垙锛欱unsen鎶婂嚑绉嶇洂鎼呮媽鍦ㄤ竴璧凤紝鏀惧叆鐏劙銆侹irchhoff瑙傚療鍏夎氨锛屽鐓у凡鐭ョ殑鍏冪礌鍏夎氨鍥炬煡鎵炬斁鍏ヤ簡鍝嚑绉嶇洂锛屾姤鍑虹瓟妗堛€傤€?/font>
缁撴灉鎬绘槸姝g‘鐨勩€備粬浠浉浜掔璐猴紝娌夋蹈鍦ㄦ棤姣旂殑娆箰涔嬩腑銆?/font>浠栦滑鍙戞槑浜嗕竴绉嶉壌鍒墿璐ㄦ垚鍒嗙殑鏂版柟娉?mdash;—鍏夎氨鍒嗘瀽娉曘€傚綋鐒讹紝杩欐槸鍥犱负姣忕鍏冪礌閮藉ぉ鐒跺湴鏈夌潃鍖哄埆浜庡畠绉嶅厓绱犵殑鍏夎氨锛屼篃灏辨槸鍏呮弧鐫€涓€х殑鍘熷瓙鍏夎氨銆傤€?/font>
闇€瑕佹寚鍑虹殑鏄紝浣跨敤杩欑鏂规硶锛屽彲浠ユ妸鐗╄川涓惈閲忔瀬灏戠殑鎴愬垎(1/300000姣厠)鍒嗚鲸鍑烘潵銆?/font>
涓€鐧句簲鍗佸勾鍓嶏紝澶у鐢熶滑瀛︿互鑷寸敤锛岀敤鍒氬垰瀛﹀埌“鍏夎氨瀛?rdquo;鐭ヨ瘑杩涜“鎵撳亣”锛岀淮鎶よ嚜宸辩殑鏉冪泭銆備簬鏄紝鍙戠敓浜嗗紑澶撮偅涓涓烘湁瓒g殑“鎵撳亣”鏁呬簨銆?/font>
|