(瀹嬬ǔ鎴愬師鍒?鍐滆嵂浣滀负涓€绉嶇壒娈婄殑鍐滀笟鐢熶骇璧勬枡锛屼竴鏂归潰鍙槻姝㈢梾銆佽櫕鍜岃崏瀹筹紝纭繚鍐滀笟澧炰骇鍜屽啘姘戝鏀讹紱鍙︿竴鏂归潰鍗村洜鍏朵笉褰撲娇鐢紝瀵艰嚧鍐滀骇鍝佸拰椋熷搧涓啘鑽畫鐣欒秴鏍囦互鍙婂鐢熸€佺幆澧冪殑鐮村潖銆傞殢鐫€绀句細鐨勮繘姝ャ€佺敓娲绘按骞崇殑鎻愰珮鍜屾秷璐硅蹇电殑杞彉锛屼汉浠椋熷搧瀹夊叏鎻愬嚭浜嗘洿楂樼殑瑕佹眰锛岃€屽啘鑽畫鐣欎綔涓哄奖鍝嶉鍝佸畨鍏ㄧ殑閲嶈鍖栧鍗卞鍥犵礌宸叉垚涓洪鍝佸畨鍏ㄦ按骞崇殑閲嶈鎸囨爣锛屾棩鐩婂彈鍒版斂搴滃拰鍏紬鐨勫箍娉涘叧娉ㄣ€?/span>1995骞?/span>1鏈?/span>WTO鐨勬垚绔嬫湁鍔涘湴鎺ㄥ姩浜嗙粡娴庡叏鐞冨寲鍜岄鍝佸強鍐滀骇鍝佽锤鏄撳浗闄呭寲鐨勬浼愶紝鍦ㄦ妧鏈€ц锤鏄撴帾鏂藉崗瀹氾紙TBT鍗忓畾锛夊拰鍗敓涓庢鐗╁崼鐢熸帾鏂藉崗瀹氾紙SPS鍗忓畾锛夋鏋朵笅锛屽悇鍥藉潎鍔犲ぇ浜嗗埗瀹氬寘鎷啘鑽渶澶ф畫鐣欓檺閲忔爣鍑嗭紙MRLs锛夊湪鍐呯殑鍚堢悊鐨勬妧鏈爣鍑嗗強鍗敓鍜屾鐤帾鏂界殑鍔涘害锛屼互閬垮厤涓嶅繀瑕佺殑璐告槗鎽╂摝銆傛湰鏂囬噸鐐逛粙缁嶄簡鍥介檯椋熷搧娉曞吀濮斿憳浼氾紙CAC锛夈€佹鐩熴€佺編鍥姐€佹棩鏈€佸姞鎷垮ぇ銆佹境澶у埄浜氬拰鏂拌タ鍏版渶鏂扮殑鍐滆嵂MRLs鐜扮姸鍙婂彂灞曡秼鍔匡紝鍚屾椂鍒嗘瀽浜嗘垜鍥藉湪鐩稿叧棰嗗煙瀛樺湪鐨勫樊璺濓紝骞舵彁鍑轰簡淇冭繘鎴戝浗鍐滆嵂MRLs鏍囧噯鍒朵慨璁㈡按骞崇殑寤鸿銆?/span>
1 鍥介檯鍐滆嵂MRLs鏍囧噯鐜扮姸
1.1 鏀垮簻闂村眰闈?/span>
CAC鏄礋璐ｈ仈鍚堝浗绮鍙婂啘涓氱粍缁囷紙FAO锛?/span>/涓栫晫鍗敓缁勭粐锛?/span>WHO锛夎仈鍚堥鍝佹爣鍑嗛」鐩殑鏀垮簻闂存満鏋勶紝鍏跺畻鏃ㄦ槸鍒跺畾鍥介檯椋熷搧娉曞吀鏍囧噯锛屼繚鎶ゆ秷璐硅€呭仴搴峰拰纭繚椋熷搧璐告槗鍏銆佸叕骞炽€傜幇鏈夌殑椋熷搧娉曞吀鏍囧噯閮戒富瑕佹槸鐢卞叾鍚勫垎濮斿憳浼氬璁€佸埗瀹氾紝鐒跺悗缁?/span>CAC澶т細瀹¤鍚庨€氳繃锛岄鍝佸強鍐滀骇鍝佷腑鍐滆嵂鏈€澶ф畫鐣欓檺閲忥紙MRLs锛夋爣鍑嗙敱鍏朵笅灞炲垎濮斿憳浼?mdash;—鍥介檯椋熷搧娉曞吀鍐滆嵂娈嬬暀濮斿憳浼氾紙CCPR锛夎礋璐ｅ埗瀹氥€?/span>CCPR浠ョ瀛︿緷鎹负鍩虹锛岄噰鐢ㄩ闄╁垎鏋愮殑鍘熺悊锛屽宸茬櫥璁颁娇鐢ㄧ殑鍐滆嵂杩涜椋庨櫓璇勪及锛屽綋鍙戠幇璇ュ啘鑽浜轰綋鍏锋湁娼滃湪鍗遍櫓涓斿彲鑳藉鑷?/span>鍥介檯璐告槗闂鏃舵墠鍒跺畾MRLs鏍囧噯銆傚湪鐩稿叧鏍囧噯鍒跺畾涓紝CAC鍜?/span>CCPR涓庡啘鑽畫鐣欒仈甯細璁紙JMPR锛変繚鎸佸瘑鍒囧叧绯伙紝CAC鍜?/span>CCPR涓洪鍝佹爣鍑嗛闄╃鐞嗘満鏋勶紝JMPR涓哄啘鑽畫鐣欓闄╄瘎浼版満鏋勶紝鏍规嵁椋庨櫓绠＄悊鏈烘瀯CAC鍜?/span>CCPR鐨勫缓璁紑灞曞伐浣滐紝浣嗙嫭绔嬩簬椋庨櫓绠＄悊鏈烘瀯銆?/span>
鑷?/span>1966骞村彫寮€绗?/span>1灞?/span>CCPR浼氳浠ユ潵锛岀洰鍓嶅凡鍙紑浜嗗叡41灞婁細璁紝绱鍒跺畾浜嗗厠鑿屼腹(captan)銆佺敳钀樺▉(carbaryl)绛?/span>228绉嶅啘鑽湪姘存灉銆佽敩鑿滃拰璋风墿绛?/span>19澶х被290澶氱椋熷搧鍜屽啘浜у搧涓嚦灏?/span>3300涓硶鍏?/span>MRLs銆?/span>2006骞达紝鎴戝浗鎴愪负CCPR涓诲腑鍥斤紝骞朵簬2007骞村拰2008骞寸粍缁囧彫寮€浜嗙39灞婂拰绗?/span>40灞?/span>CCPR浼氳锛屽叾涓39灞?/span>CCPR浼氳鍒跺畾浜?/span>20绉嶅啘鑽殑187椤规硶鍏?/span>MRLs锛屾挙閿€浜?/span>13绉嶅啘鑽殑124椤瑰師鏈夋硶鍏?/span>MRLs锛涚40灞?/span>CCPR浼氳鍒跺畾浜?/span>23绉嶅啘鑽殑279椤规硶鍏?/span>MRLs锛屾挙閿€浜?/span>13绉嶅啘鑽殑91椤瑰師鏈夋硶鍏?/span>MRLs[4-6]銆傚洜姝わ紝鍐滆嵂MRLs娉曞吀鏍囧噯鏁伴噺鏄竴涓姩鎬佸€硷紝姣忎釜MRLs閮介渶瑕侀€氳繃鍛ㄦ湡璇勪及绋嬪簭瀹氭湡锛?/span>10~15骞达級瀵瑰叾杩涜鍐嶈瘎浼帮紝鏍规嵁鏈€鏂拌祫鏂欏強鏃朵慨璁㈡垨鎾ら攢鍘熷畾鐨勯檺閲忓€笺€傜洰鍓嶅叡鏈夋硶鍏?/span>MRLs鏍囧噯3158涓紝娑夊強鍐滆嵂156绉嶃€?/span>
椋熷搧娉曞吀鏍囧噯鏄?/span>WTO璁ゅ彲鐨勫浗闄呭啘浜у搧鍙婇鍝佽锤鏄撲徊瑁佺殑閲嶈鍙傝€冧緷鎹紝鍚屾椂涔熸槸鍥介檯涓婂啘浜у搧鍙婇鍝佽川閲忓畨鍏ㄩ棶棰樻渶閲嶈鐨勫弬鑰冭祫鏂欙紝瀵瑰叏鐞冨啘浜у搧鍙婇鍝佽锤鏄?span style="COLOR: black">浜х敓鐫€閲嶅ぇ鐨勫奖鍝嶃€?/span>CAC鍚勬垚鍛樺浗鍙傜収鍜岄伒寰繖浜涙爣鍑嗭紝鏃㈠彲浠ラ伩鍏嶉噸澶嶆€у伐浣滐紝鑺傜渷澶ч噺浜哄姏鍜岃储鍔涳紝鍙堣兘鏈夋晥鍦板噺灏戝浗闄呴鍝佽锤鏄撴懇鎿︼紝淇冭繘璐告槗鐨勫叕骞冲拰鍏銆?/span>
1.2 鍥藉灞傞潰
1.2.1 娆х洘鍥藉[9~11]
娆х洘缁熶竴鐨勫啘鑽?/span>MRLs鐢辨鐩熼鍝佸畨鍏ㄥ眬锛?/span>EFSA锛夎礋璐ｅ埗瀹氥€傛鐩熷巻鏉ュ崄鍒嗗叧娉ㄩ鍝佸畨鍏紝骞跺舰鎴愪簡姣旇緝涓ヨ皑鐨勯鍝佸畨鍏ㄦ硶寰嬩綋绯汇€?/span>2002骞存鐩熷彂甯?ldquo;娆х洘鏂伴鍝佹硶”锛屽嵆娆х洘璁細涓庣悊浜嬩細178/2002娉曡锛?/span>Regulation锛夛紝骞朵簬鍚屽勾1鏈?/span>28鏃ユ寮忕敓鏁堛€傝娉曡鏄鐩熻縿浠婂嚭鍙扮殑鏈€閲嶈鐨勯鍝佹硶锛屽～琛ヤ簡鍦ㄦ鐩熷眰闈㈢己灏戞€荤殑椋熷搧娉曡鐨勭┖鐧斤紝鏄浠ュ線娆х洘椋熷搧璐ㄩ噺涓庡畨鍏ㄦ硶瑙勭殑鎻愬崌涓庡垱鏂帮紝鍏锋湁寰堝己鐨勬椂浠ｇ壒寰併€?/span>2005骞?/span>2鏈?/span>23鏃?/span>娆х洘鍙堥甯冧簡396/2005娉曡锛岃娉曡瑙勫畾浜嗘鐩熺粺涓€鐨勯鍝佸拰鍐滀骇鍝佷腑鍐滆嵂鐨?/span>MRLs锛屽悓鏃惰ˉ鍏呬簡91/414/EEC鎸囦护锛?/span>Directive锛夛紙姝ゆ寚浠ゆ槸鐩墠鍦ㄦ鐩熷啘鑽斂绛栨鏋跺唴锛岀敤浜庤鑼冨競鍦轰笂鐨勬淇濅骇鍝侊紙PPPs锛夌殑閲嶈娉曡锛夈€?/span>396/2005娉曡杩樻暣鍚堜簡浠ュ線鐨?/span>4涓寚浠わ紝鍏卞寘鎷鐩熺殑245涓啘鑽?/span>MRLs浠ュ強绾?/span>850涓悇鎴愬憳鍥藉悇鑷殑鍐滆嵂MRLs銆?/span>
396/2005娉曡鍏卞寘鍚?/span>7涓檮褰曪紝鍏朵腑闄勫綍I涓洪鍝佸拰鍐滀骇鍝佹竻鍗曪紝闄勫綍II涓烘鐩熺幇鏈夌殑MRLs锛岄檮褰?/span>III涓轰复鏃舵€х殑MRLs锛岄檮褰?/span>IV涓鸿眮鍏嶆渶澶ф畫鐣欓檺閲忕殑鐗╄川娓呭崟锛岄檮褰?/span>V涓轰竴寰嬫爣鍑嗭紝闄勫綍VI涓哄姞宸ヤ骇鍝佺殑MRLs锛岄檮褰?/span>VII涓烘敹鑾峰悗浣跨敤鐨勭啅钂稿墏鍚嶅崟锛屽叾涓檮褰?/span>1~4鏄牳蹇冨唴瀹癸紝娑夊強471绉嶅啘鑽湪315绉嶉鍝佸拰鍐滀骇鍝佷腑鍏?/span>145000涓?/span>MRLs銆備互涓嬬畝鍗曚粙缁嶅叾涓?/span>7涓檮褰曠殑涓昏鍐呭銆?/span>
闄勫綍I涓?a name="OLE_LINK1">椋熷搧鍜屽啘浜у搧娓呭崟锛屼负娆х洘绗?/span>178/2006娉曡锛屽皢315绉嶅晢鍝佸垎鎴愭柊椴滃拰鍐峰喕姘存灉銆佹柊椴滃拰鍐峰喕钄彍銆佸共璞嗙被銆侀鏂欑瓑鍏?/span>10涓ぇ缁勩€?/span>315绉嶅晢鍝佸叡鍖呭惈浜嗗綋鍓嶆寚浠や腑娑夊強鐨?/span>190绉嶅師鏈夊晢鍝佸拰125绉嶆柊鍟嗗搧锛屾柊鍟嗗搧澶氭暟涓哄皬浣滅墿濡傛湪钖€侀簼棣欒崏绛夛紝涔熷寘鎷彲鍙€佸挅鍟″拰绯栫被妞嶇墿銆?/span>
闄勫綍II涓烘鐩熺幇鏈夌殑MRLs锛屾槸浠ュ墠鏍规嵁娆х洘鎸囦护鍒跺畾鐨勶紝鍖呮嫭鍘熸湁245绉嶅啘鑽湪鍘熸湁鐨?/span>190绉嶅啘浜у搧锛堝晢鍝侊級涓叡璁＄害45000涓?/span>MRLs锛屽ぇ澶氭暟鍐滆嵂宸茬粡鎸夌収91/414/EEC鎸囦护瀹屾垚浜嗛闄╄瘎浼般€傛鐩?/span>MRLs 鐨勫埗瀹氭槸鐢辨垚鍛樺浗鍜?/span>EFSA鍩轰簬WHO鐨勬柟娉曪紝瀵规秷璐硅€呴暱鏈熷拰鐭湡鐨勫仴搴锋儏鍐佃繘琛岄闄╄瘎浼帮紝鍐嶆牴鎹啘鑽畫鐣欐憚鍏ラ噺涓?/span>姣忔棩鍏佽鎽勫叆閲?/span>(ADI)鎴?/span>鎬ユ€у弬鑰冨墏閲?/span>(ARfD)杩涜姣旇緝锛屼綔鍑洪闄╃鐞嗗喅绛栵紝缁忓緛姹傛剰瑙佸強WTO/SPS閫氭姤鍚庯紝鐢辨鐩熼鐗╅摼鍜屽姩鐗╁仴搴锋爣鍑嗗寲濮斿憳浼氾紙SCFCAH锛夋壒鍑嗗苟鍙戝竷銆?/span>
娆х洘MRLs鍒跺畾鐨勮祫鏂欒姹備富瑕佹湁锛氫竴鏄渶瑕佹彁渚涙瘨鐞嗗璧勬枡鍙婄敱姝ゆ帹瀵肩殑ADI /ARfD銆備簩鏄壒鍑嗕娇鐢ㄦ儏鍐靛強鑹ソ鍐滀笟瑙勮寖锛?/span>GAP锛変俊鎭€備笁鏄洃鎺ф畫鐣欒瘯楠岋紝瀵瑰ぇ瀹椾綔鐗╄姹傛湁8涓瘯楠岀偣锛屽皬浣滅墿涓?/span>4涓瘯楠岀偣銆傚洓鏄浜庝笌鍔ㄧ墿楗叉枡鐩稿叧鐨勪綔鐗╋紝杩橀渶杩涜鍔ㄧ墿楗插吇鐮旂┒銆?/span>
闄勫綍III涓烘鐩熶复鏃舵爣鍑嗭紙鐢变簬缂轰箯鐩稿叧鏁版嵁鑰屾殏鏃惰瀹氱殑MRLs锛夈€傞檮褰?/span>III鍙堝垎涓轰袱閮ㄥ垎锛岄檮褰?/span>IIIA涓烘柊澧炲姞鐨?/span>226绉嶅啘鑽湪315绉嶉鍝佸拰鍐滀骇鍝侊紙鍘熸湁190绉嶅拰鏂板125绉嶏級涓叡绾?/span>70000涓复鏃?/span>MRLs锛岃繖浜?/span>MRLs涓昏鏉ユ簮浜庢垚鍛樺浗鐨勫浗瀹?/span>MRLs銆佽繘鍙?/span>MRLs鍜屾硶鍏?/span>MRLs锛屽搴旂殑鍐滆嵂骞舵湭鏍规嵁91/414/EEC鎸囦护杩涜椋庨櫓璇勪及锛屾槸鎴愬憳鍥?/span>50,000涓?/span>MRLs鍙婃硶鍏?/span>MRLs鍚戞鐩?/span>MRLs鍗忚皟銆佺粺涓€鐨勪竴涓浆鍖栵紝杞寲杩囩▼鍖呮嫭寮€鍙戞暟鎹簱骞舵敹闆嗕俊鎭€佸埗瀹氭爣鍑嗚崏妗堝拰寰佹眰鎰忚绛?/span>10涓楠ゃ€傞檮褰?/span>IIIB涓哄師鏈?/span>245绉嶅啘鑽湪鏂板鐨?/span>125绉嶉鍝佸拰鍐滀骇鍝佷腑鍏辫绾?/span>30000涓?/span>MRLs銆?/span>
闄勫綍IV涓鸿眮鍏嶇墿璐ㄦ竻鍗曘€傚叡鏈?/span>52绉嶇墿璐ㄨ鍒楀叆娓呭崟涓紝鍖呮嫭6绉嶅井鐢熺墿鍜?/span>46绉嶅寲瀛︾墿璐紝濡傝嫰鐢查吀銆佽剛鑲吀绛夈€傜洰鍓嶈嚦灏戞湁8绉嶇墿璐ㄦ牴鎹?/span>91/414/EEC鎸囦护杩涜浜嗛闄╄瘎浼帮紝鍏朵粬姝ｅ湪璇勪及涓殑鐗╄川涔熸殏鏃跺垪鍏ヤ簡璇ユ竻鍗曘€?/span>
闄勫綍V涓?/span>396/2005娉曡闄勫綍涓湭娑夊強鐨勫啘鑽湪鍐滀骇鍝佷腑鐨?/span>MRLs锛屽畾涓?ldquo;涓€寰嬫爣鍑?rdquo;锛?/span>0.01mg/kg锛夈€傞檮褰?/span>VI涓洪檮褰?/span>I涓姞宸ュ悗浜у搧鐨勫姞宸ュ洜瀛愩€傞檮褰?/span>VII涓昏娑夊強鏀惰幏鍚庝娇鐢ㄧ殑鐔忚捀鍓傦紝鍏辨湁纾峰寲姘€佺７鍖栭摑銆佺７鍖栭晛鍜?/span>4绉嶅寲鍚堢墿锛屽叾瀵瑰簲鐨勪骇鍝佷腑鐨勬畫鐣欓噺鍏佽涓存椂瓒呰繃闄勫綍II鍜岄檮褰?/span>III涓殑MRLs锛屼絾鍦ㄩ攢鍞拰娑堣垂鏃剁殑鏈€缁堟畫鐣欓噺搴旂鍚堥檺閲忛檺鍒惰姹傘€?/span>
1.2.2 缇庡浗
缇庡浗鍐滆嵂鐧昏涓?/span>MRLs鍒跺畾鐢卞叾鐜淇濇姢灞€锛?/span>USEPA锛夎礋璐ｃ€傜編鍥芥槸涓栫晫涓婂啘鑽鐞嗗埗搴︽渶瀹屽杽銆佺▼搴忔渶澶嶆潅鐨勫浗瀹讹紝寤虹珛浜嗕竴鏁村杈冧负瀹屽杽鐨勫啘鑽畫鐣欐爣鍑嗐€佺鐞嗐€佹楠屻€佺洃娴嬪拰淇℃伅鍙戝竷鏈哄埗銆備负浜嗙‘淇濋鍝佸畨鍏紝缁存姢娑堣垂鑰呭埄鐩婏紝缇庡浗鍒跺畾浜嗚缁嗐€佸鏉傜殑MRLs锛屽叡娑夊強380绉嶅啘鑽害11000椤癸紝澶ч儴鍒嗕负鍦ㄥ叏缇庣櫥璁扮殑鍐滆嵂骞舵牴鎹仈閭︽硶瑙勬硶鍏革紙CFR锛夊埗瀹氱殑MRLs锛屽叾浣欎负鍐滆嵂鍦ㄥ悇鍦板尯鐧昏涓埗瀹氱殑MRLs銆佹湁鏃堕檺鎴栦复鏃剁殑MRLs銆佽繘鍙?/span>MRLs鍜岄棿鎺ユ畫鐣欑殑MRLs绛夛紝杩樺垪鍑轰簡璞佸厤鐗╄川鎴栨棤闇€MRLs鐨勬竻鍗曪紝鎻愬嚭浜?/span>“闆舵畫鐣?/span>”鐨勬蹇点€傚叾鎵€鏈?/span>MRLs鍜岃眮鍏嶇墿璐ㄥ潎鍒楀叆浜?/span>CFR绗?/span>40绔犵180鑺備腑銆?/span>
缇庡浗MRLs涓湁鏃堕檺鎴栦复鏃舵€х殑MRLs绾︽湁600椤癸紝娑夊強100绉嶅啘鑽紝1998~2008骞村凡鎾ら攢浜?/span>400澶氶」鏈夋椂闄愮殑MRLs锛岃鍒?/span>2009骞存挙閿€27绉嶅啘鑽殑114椤规湁鏃堕檺鐨?/span>MRLs銆傚垪鍑轰簡绾?/span>165绉嶈眮鍏嶇墿璐ㄦ竻鍗曪紝鍖呮嫭鏌存补銆佸鏁堥啔銆侀櫎铏強锛堥叝锛夈€侀奔钘ら叜銆佽棞鑺︾⒈绛夊啘鑽椿鎬ф垚鍒嗭紝閮ㄥ垎鏀惰幏鍚庝娇鐢ㄥ拰鐢ㄤ簬鐗规畩澶勭悊鐨勫啘鑽紙濡傛捍鐢茬兎浣滀负绉绘牻鍓嶇殑鍦熷￥鐔忚捀鍓傦紝纰樺寲閽句綔涓洪钑夊彾闈㈠鐞嗗墏绛夛級锛屽叾浣欑粷澶ч儴鍒嗕负闈炴椿鎬ф垚鍒嗭紙濡傚姪鍓傦級銆傜編鍥芥牴鎹渶瑕侊紝瀵瑰浗鍐呮病鏈夌櫥璁扮殑閮ㄥ垎鍐滆嵂/浣滅墿缁勫悎鍒跺畾浜嗗皯閲忕殑杩涘彛MRLs銆?/span> “闆舵畫鐣?/span>”鍗充笉寰楁鍑猴紝缇庡浗鎻愬嚭姝ゆ蹇典富瑕佸熀浜庝互涓嬪師鍥狅紙鎴栧叾涓箣涓€锛夛細涓€鏄湭纭畾鍐滆嵂瀵逛袱绉嶆俯琛€鍔ㄧ墿鐗╃鐨勫畨鍏ㄥ墏閲忥紱浜屾槸鍐滆嵂瀵硅瘯楠屽姩鐗╂湁鑷寸檶鎬ф垨鍏朵粬鏄捐憲鐨勭敓鐞嗗褰卞搷锛涗笁鏄骇鍝佸湪杩涜鍥介檯璐告槗鍓嶏紝娈嬬暀鐨勫啘鑽€氳繃娲楁钉銆侀铓€绛夎繃绋嬪強GAP宸插幓闄よ€屽嚑涔庝笉鍐嶅瓨鍦ㄣ€?/span>
1.2.3 鏃ユ湰
鏃ユ湰鍐滆嵂鐨?/font>MRLs鐢卞叾鍘氱敓鍔冲姩鐪佸埗瀹氥€傜敱浜庡啘鑽€佸吔鑽瓑鍖栧鍝佹畫鐣欏紩璧风殑椋熷搧瀹夊叏闂绐佸嚭锛屾棩鏈簬2003骞?/font>5鏈堜慨璁簡銆婇鍝佸崼鐢熸硶銆嬶紝骞朵簬2006骞?/font>5鏈?/font>29鏃ユ寮忓疄鏂借偗瀹氬垪琛ㄥ埗搴︼紙positive list system锛夛紝骞舵墽琛岄鍝佸拰鍐滀骇鍝佷腑鍐滀笟鍖栧鍝佹柊鐨勬畫鐣欓檺閲忔爣鍑嗐€傝偗瀹氬垪琛ㄥ埗搴︽秹鍙婂鍐滆嵂銆佸吔鑽拰娣诲姞鍓傜瓑791绉嶅啘鐢ㄥ寲瀛﹀搧鐨勭鐞嗭紝鏄綋鏃朵笘鐣屼笂鍒跺畾娈嬬暀闄愰噺鏍囧噯鏈€澶氥€佹兜鐩栧啘鑽拰椋熷搧鍝佺鏈€鍏ㄧ殑绠＄悊鍒跺害銆傝鍒跺害鍑犱箮瀵规墍鏈夌敤浜庨鐢ㄧ殑椋熷搧鍜屽啘浜у搧涓婄殑鍐滅敤鍖栧鍝佸埗瀹氫簡娈嬬暀闄愰噺鏍囧噯锛屽寘鎷?/font> “涓存椂鏍囧噯”銆?/font> “涓€寰嬫爣鍑?/font>”銆?/font>“娌跨敤鐜拌闄愰噺鏍囧噯”鍜?/font>“璞佸厤鐗╄川”浠ュ強“涓嶅緱妫€鍑?/font>”5涓被鍨嬶紝鍏辨湁闄愰噺鏍囧噯57000澶氶」锛屽叾涓啘鑽拰鍐滆嵂MRLs鐨勬暟閲忓垎鍒负579绉嶅拰51600澶氶」锛屽潎鍒嗗埆鍗犲埌鎬绘暟鐨?/font>70%鍜?/font>90%浠ヤ笂銆?/span>
涓存椂鏍囧噯锛氭棩鏈叡鍒跺畾浜?/font>47636椤逛复鏃舵爣鍑嗭紝娑夊強264绉?/font>(绫?/font>) 椋熷搧鍜屽啘浜у搧銆?/font>515绉嶅啘鑽€傚埗瀹?/font>“涓存椂鏍囧噯”鏃朵富瑕侀渶鑰冭檻浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜鍥犵礌锛氫竴鏄?/font>CAC鐨?/font>MRLs锛涗簩鏄棩鏈€婂啘鑽彇缂旀硶銆嬭瀹氱殑鍥藉唴鐧昏璁稿彲鏍囧噯锛堝嵆娌跨敤鐜拌闄愰噺鏍囧噯锛夛紱涓夋槸鍩轰簬JMPR鎵€瑕佹眰鐨勮繘琛岃繃绉戝鐨勬瘨鎬ц瘎浠风殑澶栧浗(娆х洘銆佺編鍥姐€佸姞鎷垮ぇ銆佹境澶у埄浜氥€佹柊瑗垮叞)鐨?/font>MRLs锛岄噰鐢?/font>5鍥界殑骞冲潎鍊间綔涓哄叾涓存椂MRLs銆傚洓鏄綋鐢变簬鑷寸檶鎬ф垨鍏朵粬鍘熷洜涓嶈兘纭畾鍐滆嵂鐨?/font>ADI鏍囧噯鏃讹紝搴旀牴鎹洰鍓嶇殑涔犳儻鍋氭硶锛屽湪鍒跺畾銆婁复鏃舵爣鍑嗐€嬫椂浠?ldquo;涓嶅緱妫€鍑?rdquo;琛ㄧず銆傛牴鎹瀹氾紝銆婁复鏃舵爣鍑嗐€嬪湪鍏跺埗瀹氬悗姣?/font>5骞撮渶閲嶆柊璇勪及涓€娆°€傚湪瀵广€婁复鏃舵爣鍑嗐€嬪疄鏂芥湡闂磋幏寰楃殑鍙嶉鎰忚杩涜杩涗竴姝ヤ慨璁㈢殑鍩虹涓婏紝灏嗗嚭鍙版寮忕殑銆婇鍝佷腑鍐滆嵂鏈€澶ф畫鐣欓檺閲忔爣鍑嗐€嬨€傚湪鏂板埗搴︽寮忓疄鏂藉悗锛屾棩鏈嵆宸插紑濮嬩慨璁㈢浉鍏崇殑涓存椂鏍囧噯銆?/span>
涓€寰嬫爣鍑嗭細鍗虫棩鏈斂搴滅‘瀹氱殑瀵硅韩浣撳仴搴蜂笉浼氫骇鐢熻礋闈㈠奖鍝嶇殑闄愰噺鍊硷紝浠?/font>1.5μg·浜?/font>–1·d–1鐨勬瘨鐞嗗闃堝€间綔涓鸿绠楀熀鍑嗭紝纭畾鐨勯檺閲忓€间负0.01mg/kg銆傝鏍囧噯閫傜敤浜庤偗瀹氬垪琛ㄥ埗搴︿腑鏈埗瀹?/font>MRLs鐨勫啘鐢ㄥ寲瀛﹀搧/椋熷搧缁勫悎銆?/span>
璞佸厤鐗╄川锛氭棩鏈‘瀹氳眮鍏嶇墿璐ㄦ椂涓昏鑰冭檻濡備笅鍥犵礌——鏃ユ湰鐨勮瘎浼扮粨鏋溿€?/font>JMPR鐨勮瘎浼扮粨鏋溿€佸熀浜庛€婂啘鑽彇缂旀硶銆嬬殑璇勪及缁撴灉浠ュ強鍏朵粬鍥藉鍜屽湴鍖虹殑璇勪及缁撴灉銆傝眮鍏嶇墿璐ㄥ寘鎷熆鐗╂补銆佸嵃搴︽鏍戞补绛夈€?/span>
鏃ユ湰鍦ㄥ疄鏂借偗瀹氬垪琛ㄥ埗搴﹀墠鍏卞埗瀹氫簡246绉嶅啘鑽殑8990椤?/font>MRLs銆傛柊鍒跺害瀹炴柦鍚庯紝娌跨敤浜?/font>2005骞村墠58绉嶅啘鑽湪175绉嶏紙绫伙級鍐滀骇鍝佷笂鐨勫叡2389椤?/font>MRLs锛屽悓鏃舵柊鍒跺害瑙勫畾浜嗗湪鎵€鏈夐鍝佷腑涓嶅緱妫€鍑虹殑鍐滆嵂鏈夋晫鑿屼腹锛?/font>captafol锛夌瓑7绉嶏紝鍦ㄩ儴鍒嗛鍝佷腑涓嶅緱妫€鍑虹殑鏈夎壘姘忓墏銆佺媱姘忓墏绛?/font>6绉嶃€?/span>
1.2.4 鍔犳嬁澶?/span>
鍔犳嬁澶х殑鍐滆嵂娈嬬暀绠＄悊鐢卞叾鍗敓閮ㄥ拰鍐滀笟閮ㄦ牴鎹鍝佽嵂鍝佹硶锛?/span>FDA锛夎仈鍚堟墽琛岋紝鍐滆嵂鐧昏鍙?/span>MRLs鍒跺畾鐢卞叾鍗敓閮ㄨ礋璐ｏ紝娈嬬暀鐩戞帶鍙婃墽娉曠敱鍏跺啘涓氶儴璐熻矗銆備互鍓嶏紝鍔犳嬁澶х殑鍐滆嵂MRLs閮芥槸閫氳繃瀹樻柟鍏姤寰佹眰鎰忚鍚庯紝鏍规嵁FDA涓嬬殑椋熷搧鑽搧鏉′緥(FDR)鍒跺畾鐨勩€傛埅鑷?/span>2008骞?/span>6鏈?/span>16鏃?/span>锛屽姞鎷垮ぇ鍏卞埗瀹氫簡174绉嶅啘鑽湪280绉嶏紙绫伙級椋熷搧鍜屽啘浜у搧涓殑2362椤?/span>MRLs銆?/span>
2008骞?/span>6鏈?/span>16鏃?/span>锛屽姞鎷垮ぇ閫氳繃C-28娉曟锛?/span>Bill C-28锛変慨璁簡FDA锛岃嚦姝ゅ皢鍏佽鎸夌収鏈夊鐢熺墿鎺у埗浜у搧娉?/span>(PCPA)鍚堟硶鍦板埗瀹氬啘鑽殑MRLs锛岃€屾棤椤荤粡杩?/span>FDR鐨勬壒鍑嗐€傝繖绉嶅彉鍖栧皢浣垮緱MRLs鐨勫埗瀹氥€佷慨璁㈠拰鎾ら攢鏇村姞楂樻晥銆佸揩閫熴€傜▼搴忓彉鍖栧悗锛屽姞鎷垮ぇ鍔犲揩浜?/span>MRLs鐨勫埗瀹氬拰淇閫熷害锛?/span>2008骞?/span>7鏈?/span>9鏃?/span>鑷?/span>9鏈?/span>3鏃?/span>锛屽姞鎷垮ぇ鍏卞埗瀹氫簡57绉嶅啘鑽殑2476椤?/span>MRLs銆傚叾鍒嗕负涓ら儴鍒嗭紝涓€閮ㄥ垎鏄浠ュ墠宸插埗瀹氭爣鍑嗙殑閮ㄥ垎鍐滆嵂澧炲姞涓庝箣鐩稿叧鐨勯鍝佸拰鍐滀骇鍝侊紝鍙︿竴閮ㄥ垎涓烘柊澧炲姞鐨勫啘鑽?/span>/椋熷搧銆佸啘浜у搧缁勫悎銆傛牴鎹?/span>PCPA锛屽姞鎷垮ぇ鐩墠鍏辨湁201绉嶅啘鑽湪570绉嶏紙绫伙級椋熷搧鍜屽啘浜у搧涓殑4838椤?/span>MRLs銆?/span>
1.2.5 婢冲ぇ鍒╀簹鍜屾柊瑗垮叞
婢冲ぇ鍒╀簹鐨勫啘鑽櫥璁颁笌鍐滆嵂MRLs鍒跺畾鐢卞叾鍐滆嵂鍜屽吔鑽鐞嗗眬(APVMA)璐熻矗銆?/span>2008骞?/span>10鏈堬紝APVMA鍙戝竷浜嗘柊鐨勫啘鑽?/span>MRLs鏍囧噯锛屾柊鏍囧噯鐢?/span>5涓檮琛ㄧ粍鎴愶紝涓€涓?/span>500澶氱鍐滆嵂鐨勫叡4000澶氶」MRLs锛涗簩涓洪鍝佸拰鍔ㄧ墿鐨勫垎绫伙紝璇ュ垎绫诲弬鑰冧簡CAC鐨勯鍝佸拰鍔ㄧ墿鍒嗙被锛涗笁涓烘畫鐣欏畾涔夛紱鍥涗负鍔ㄧ墿涓殑MRLs锛屽叡娑夊強184绉嶅啘鑽殑570椤?/span>MRLs锛?/span>5涓鸿眮鍏嶇墿璐ㄦ竻鍗曪紝璇ユ竻鍗曡缁嗗垪鍑轰簡涓嶉渶瑕佸埗瀹?/span>MRLs鐨勫啘鑽殑鍚勭鍓嶆彁鏉′欢銆傛柊瑗垮叞鐨勫啘鑽櫥璁板拰MRLs鍒跺畾鐢卞叾椋熷搧瀹夊叏灞€璐熻矗锛屾柊瑗垮叞鐩墠鍏卞埗瀹氫簡绾?/span>2900椤?/span>MRLs銆?/span>
婢冲ぇ鍒╀簹鍜屾柊瑗垮叞浜?/span>1998骞寸璁㈤鍝佹爣鍑嗕簰璁ゅ崗璁紝鍏卞悓寤虹珛浜嗘境澶у埄浜氥€佹柊瑗垮叞椋熷搧鏍囧噯灞€(FSANZ)锛岃礋璐ｅ埗瀹氭境澶у埄浜氬拰鏂拌タ鍏扮殑椋熷搧鏍囧噯娉曞吀銆傛墍鍒跺畾鐨勬爣鍑嗕腑锛岄櫎涓埆鏍囧噯鍗曠嫭閫傜敤浜庢境澶у埄浜氭垨鏂拌タ鍏板锛岀粷澶ч儴鍒嗕负涓ゅ浗閫氱敤鏍囧噯銆?/span>
2 MRLs鏍囧噯鍒跺畾鐨勭壒鐐瑰強瓒嬪娍
2.1鏍囧噯浣撶郴鍖?/span>
娆х洘鍚勫浗銆佺編鍥界瓑鍙戣揪鍥藉鍦ㄥぇ鎵归噺鍒跺畾MRLs鏍囧噯鍓嶅潎瑕佸嚭鍙版垨淇鐩稿叧椋熷搧瀹夊叏绠＄悊娉曡銆傝繖浜涘浗瀹朵緷闈?/span>鍏跺厛杩涚殑绉戝鎶€鏈強寮哄ぇ鐨勫浗鍔涳紝绉疮浜嗗ぇ閲忓啘鑽瘨鐞嗐€佹畫鐣欍€佺幆澧冪瓑鏂归潰鐨勫熀纭€鏁版嵁锛屽叾MRLs鏍囧噯鍑犱箮娑夊強鎵€鏈夌殑鍐滀骇鍝佸拰椋熷搧锛屼竴绉嶅啘鑽湪涓嶅悓鐨勪綔鐗╁寘鎷緢澶氬皬浣滅墿涓婇兘鏈夎缁嗚瀹?span style="COLOR: black">锛屽苟鍒跺畾浜嗕竴绯诲垪涓?/span>MRLs鏍囧噯閰嶅鐨勬妧鏈鑼冦€傚叾娉曞緥渚濇嵁鍏呭垎锛屾爣鍑嗗拰瑙勮寖鏁伴噺搴炲ぇ锛屾寚鏍囧叿浣擄紝浣撶幇浜嗘爣鍑嗙殑鏉冨▉鎬у拰鍙搷浣滄€э紝鍔犱笂鏍囧噯鍒跺畾銆佸疄鏂藉拰鎶€鏈敮鎾戠殑鍗忚皟缁熶竴鎬э紝浠庤€屽舰鎴愪簡涓€涓湁鏈虹殑鏍囧噯浣撶郴鍜屾湁鏁堢殑鐩戠鏈哄埗锛岀‘淇濋伩鍏嶅洜鍐滆嵂娈嬬暀瓒呮爣寮曡捣鐨勯鍝佸畨鍏ㄩ棶棰樸€?/span>
2.2鍒跺畾MRLs鏃堕噸瑙嗛闄╄瘎浼?/span>
娆х洘鍚勫浗銆佺編鍥界瓑鍥介檯缁勭粐鍜屽彂杈惧浗瀹跺湪鍒跺畾MRLs鏍囧噯鏃?/span>鏃ョ泭寮鸿皟椋庨櫓璇勪及锛屽苟鍦ㄩ闄╄瘎浼颁腑绐佸嚭浜嗗寮卞娍缇や綋濡傚効绔ャ€佽偛榫勬湡濡囧コ鐨勪繚鎶ゃ€?span style="COLOR: black">椋庨櫓鍒嗘瀽宸茶璁や负鏄埗瀹氶鍝佸畨鍏ㄦ爣鍑嗙殑鍩虹, 鍦ㄥ叾4涓粍鎴愰儴鍒嗕腑, 椋庨櫓璇勪及鏄暣涓闄╁垎鏋愪綋绯荤殑鏍稿績鍜屽熀纭€, 涔熸槸CAC銆佹鐩熴€佺編鍥界瓑鍥介檯缁勭粐鍜屽浗瀹剁洰鍓嶅拰灏嗘潵宸ヤ綔鐨勯噸鐐广€傚湪鍥介檯涓婏紝鍐滆嵂娈嬬暀椋庨櫓璇勪及鐨勭洰鐨?/span>灏辨槸鍒跺畾MRLs锛岄闄╃鐞嗙殑缁撴灉灏辨槸鍐冲畾鍐滆嵂鑳藉惁鑾峰噯鐧昏锛岃€?/span>MRLs鐨勫埗瀹氭按骞崇洿鎺ュ弽鏄犱簡鍐滆嵂鐧昏绠＄悊鍜岄闄╄瘎浼扮殑姘村钩锛屽苟鐩存帴褰卞搷鍒版秷璐瑰畨鍏ㄤ笌椋熷搧鍜屽啘浜у搧鍥介檯璐告槗[21]銆?/span>
鐩墠锛岀編鍥藉湪鍒跺畾MRLs鏃舵墍閲囩敤鐨?/span>“椋庨櫓鏉紙risk cup锛?/span>”鍘熷垯寰楀埌浜嗗緢澶氬啘鑽鐞嗗伐浣滆€呯殑鑲畾锛岃繖鏄竴绉嶅啘鑽疮绉闄╄瘎浼扮悊蹇碉紝浠ｈ〃鐫€鍐滆嵂椋庨櫓璇勪及鏂扮殑妯″紡銆傛寜鐓ц繖涓€妯″紡杩涜鍐滆嵂娈嬬暀绠＄悊锛屼竴鏂归潰鎵€鍒跺畾鐨勫悇鍐滆嵂娈嬬暀闄愰噺锛?/span>MRLs锛変箣闂村樊鍒緢澶э紝浣垮緱缇庡浗涓庡叾浠栧浗瀹朵箣闂寸殑MRLs鍊兼棤娉曡繘琛屽钩琛屾瘮杈冿紱鍙︿竴鏂归潰鍙互瀵规柊鐧昏鐨勫啘鑽骇鍝佺殑MRLs杩涜鍚堢悊鐨勫垎閰嶏紝浠ョ鍚堟湰鍥藉疄闄呬娇鐢ㄦ儏鍐点€傝繖鏍峰仛涓嶄絾鍙互閬垮厤鏈浗灞呮皯鍐滆嵂娈嬬暀鎬绘憚鍏ラ噺瓒呮爣锛岃繕鍙互鏈夋晥鍦颁繚鎶ゆ湰鍥借锤鏄撲互鍙婇檺鍒跺啘浜у搧杈撳嚭鍦扮殑鍐滆嵂浣跨敤銆傚€煎緱涓€鎻愮殑鏄紝缇庡浗鍦ㄥ啘鑽櫥璁扮鐞嗗強鍐滆嵂MRLs鍒跺畾涓瀺鍏ヤ簡浜у搧鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡鐨勭悊蹇碉紝杩囩▼璐┛浜庡啘鑽闄╄瘎浼般€?/span>MRLs鍒跺畾銆佺櫥璁版壒鍑嗐€佹挙娑堢櫥璁般€佸厤闄?/span>MRLs鍜屽啀璇勪及绛夛紝杩欎簺杩囩▼鐩稿鐙珛鑰屽張浜掔浉鍏宠仈, 浠庤€屽舰鎴愪簡涓€涓闄╄瘎浼?/span>-椋庨櫓绠＄悊鐨勬湁鏈轰綋绯?/span>, 瀵规柊鍐滆嵂銆佸湪鐢ㄥ啘鑽拰鎾ら攢鍚庣殑鍐滆嵂閮藉缓绔嬩簡鏈夋晥鐨勭洃绠℃満鍒讹紝鏄緢澶氬浗瀹跺啘鑽鐞嗙殑鍏歌寖[1]銆?/span>
2.3 鏍囧噯鍒跺畾涓殑鍗忚皟鎬у拰宸ヤ綔鍒嗗伐
鍐滆嵂娈嬬暀闄愰噺鏍囧噯鍒跺畾涓殑鍗忚皟鎬у強宸ヤ綔鍒嗗伐涓昏浣撶幇鍦細涓€鏄湪鍒跺畾MRLs涓紝鍥介檯缁勭粐闂淬€佸浗闄呯粍缁囦笌鍥藉闂翠互鍙婂悇鍥藉涔嬮棿鍧囧姞寮轰簡鍗忚皟涓庡伐浣滃垎宸ャ€傚JMPR鍔犲己浜嗕笌缁忔祹鍚堜綔涓庡彂灞曠粍缁囷紙OECD锛夌殑鍚堜綔涓庡伐浣滃垎宸ワ紝OECD鍒跺畾浜嗕笌鍐滆嵂MRLs鐩稿叧鐨勬寚瀵兼枃浠跺拰鍑嗗垯锛屽鍐滆嵂鍦ㄦ鐗╀腑鐨勪唬璋㈠噯鍒欍€佽疆浣滀綔鐗╃敯闂磋瘯楠屽噯鍒欍€佹畫鐣欏畾涔夊噯鍒欍€佸啘鑽畫鐣欒瘯楠屽噯鍒欍€佷綔鐗╃敯闂存畫鐣欒瘯楠屾ā鐗堝拰瀹剁暅楗叉枡琛ㄧ瓑銆?/span>JMPR鍜?/span>OECD鍏卞悓鍒跺畾浜嗗敖鍙兘澶氱殑銆佸叿浣撶殑鍑嗗垯鍜岃鑼冿紝浠ョ‘淇濆埗瀹?/span>MRLs鏃舵墍闇€璧勬枡鐨勮川閲忎互鍙?/span>MRLs鐨勫崗璋冧竴鑷淬€傛墍鏈夎繖浜涜祫婧愰€傜敤浜?/span>JMPR鏃朵篃鍚屾牱閫傜敤浜庡叾浠栧悇鐩稿叧绠＄悊鏈烘瀯銆備簩鏄负浜嗗噺灏戞爣鍑嗗埗瀹氫腑鐨勪汉涓哄洜绱狅紝JMPR鍚敤浜嗙粺璁″璇勪及鏂规硶鍜岃瘎浼拌蒋浠讹紝骞跺皢缁熻瀛︽柟娉曞簲鐢ㄥ埌绱Н椋庨櫓璇勪及绛夋柊妯″瀷涔嬩腑銆備笁鏄€氳繃CAC寤虹珛浜嗗叏鐞冪粺涓€鐨?/span>MRLs锛?span style="COLOR: black">涓昏鏄啘鑽敤閲忚緝灏忕殑浣滅墿鍜岀壒娈婁綔鐗╋紙灏忎綔鐗╋級涓婂啘鑽殑MRLs銆?/span>
2.4 MRLs鏍囧噯瓒婃潵瓒婁弗鏍煎拰鍏蜂綋
涓轰簡纭繚椋熷搧瀹夊叏鍙婁繚鎶ゅ悇鍥界殑璐告槗鍒╃泭锛屾鐩熷悇鍥姐€佺編鍥藉拰鏃ユ湰绛夊浗鍦ㄥ埗瀹?/span>MRLs鏃跺姏姹傝鐩栨墍鏈夊啘浜у搧鍜岄鍝侊紝鏍囧噯鎸囨爣瓒婃潵瓒婁弗鏍硷紝涓昏浣撶幇鍦ㄦ墍鏈夋湭缁忚繃椋庨櫓璇勪及鐨?/span>MRLs鍊奸兘瀹氫负涓存椂鏍囧噯锛屼互鏂规硶鐨勬娴嬮檺鎴栦竴寰嬫爣鍑嗭紙0.01mg/kg锛変负闄愬€硷紝鎴栬€呭畾涓?/span>“闆舵畫鐣?/span>”鎴?/span>“涓嶅緱妫€鍑?/span>”銆傚湪鏍囧噯鍒跺畾涓笉浠呰€冭檻鍐滆嵂姣嶄綋锛岃繕鑰冭檻鍐滆嵂鐨勫紓鏋勪綋銆佷唬璋㈢墿鍜屾墜鎬х粨鏋勬瘨鎬э紝鍚屾椂涓洪伩鍏嶅洜缂轰箯鏍囧噯鍙兘浜х敓鍥介檯璐告槗闂锛屽鍙兘妫€娴嬩笉鍑虹殑鍐滆嵂娈嬬暀锛屼篃鏈夊彲鑳藉埗璁㈡畫鐣欓檺閲忔爣鍑嗐€?/span>
3 鎴戝浗鍐滆嵂MRLs鐜扮姸
3.1 鍩烘湰鐘跺喌
鎴戝浗鏀垮簻鍙婄浉鍏抽儴闂ㄩ潪甯搁噸瑙嗛鍝佸強鍐滀骇鍝佽川閲忓畨鍏紝浜?/span>1995骞村拰2006骞村厛鍚庨甯冧簡銆婇鍝佸崼鐢熸硶銆嬪拰銆婂啘浜у搧璐ㄩ噺瀹夊叏娉曘€嬶紝骞朵簬2009骞?/span>6鏈?/span>1 鏃ュ紑濮嬪疄鏂姐€婇鍝佸畨鍏ㄦ硶銆嬶紝銆婇鍝佸畨鍏ㄦ硶銆嬪厖鍒嗚€冭檻浜嗐€婇鍝佸崼鐢熸硶銆嬪拰銆婂啘浜у搧璐ㄩ噺瀹夊叏娉曘€嬬殑鍐呭銆傝繖浜涢鍝佸畨鍏ㄧ鐞嗘硶瑙勭殑鍑哄彴锛屼负椋熷搧鍙婂啘浜у搧涓啘鑽?/span>MRLs鐨勫埗瀹氭彁渚涗簡娉曞緥渚濇嵁銆?/span>
鐩墠锛屾垜鍥藉啘鑽殑MRLs鏍囧噯涓昏鐢卞浗瀹舵爣鍑嗗拰琛屼笟鏍囧噯涓ら儴鍒嗙粍鎴愶紝鍥藉鏍囧噯鐢卞崼鐢熼儴鍜屽浗瀹舵爣鍑嗗寲绠＄悊濮斿憳浼氬叡鍚屽彂甯冿紝琛屼笟鏍囧噯涓昏涓哄啘涓氶儴鍙戝竷锛屽睘鍐滀笟琛屼笟鏍囧噯銆傛垜鍥戒簬2005骞?/span>1鏈?/span>25鏃ュ彂甯冧簡銆婇鍝佷腑鍐滆嵂鏈€澶ф畫鐣欓檺閲忋€嬪浗瀹舵爣鍑嗭紙绠€绉?/span>“鏂版爣鍑?/span>”锛夛紝骞朵簬2005骞?/span>10鏈?/span>1鏃ュ紑濮嬪疄鏂姐€傛柊鏍囧噯浠ｆ浛骞跺簾姝簡浠ュ墠34涓鍝佷腑鍐滆嵂娈嬬暀闄愰噺鍥藉鏍囧噯锛屽叡鍖呮嫭浜?/span>136绉嶅啘鑽殑478椤?/span>MRLs銆備负浜嗗讥琛ュ浗瀹舵爣鍑嗙殑涓嶈冻锛屽啘涓氶儴涔熷姞蹇簡琛屼笟鏍囧噯鐨勫埗瀹氾紝鎴嚦2009骞达紝鎴戝浗鍏卞埗瀹氫簡118绉嶅啘鑽湪68绉嶏紙绫伙級椋熷搧鍜屽啘浜у搧涓殑鍏?/span>329椤?/span>MRLs鍐滀笟琛屼笟鏍囧噯銆傜洰鍓嶏紝鎴戝浗鍥藉鏍囧噯鍜岃涓氭爣鍑嗗叡鏈夋秹鍙?/span>178绉嶅啘鑽湪92绉嶏紙绫伙級椋熷搧鍜屽啘浜у搧涓殑807椤?/span>MRLs銆傚悓鏃跺埗瀹氫簡500澶氱鍐滆嵂鍦ㄩ鍝佸拰鍐滀骇鍝佷腑鐨勬畫鐣欐娴嬫柟娉曞浗瀹舵爣鍑嗗拰琛屼笟鏍囧噯锛屼互鍙婂啘鑽畫鐣欓噰鏍锋柟娉曠瓑鍏朵粬閰嶅鐨勬妧鏈鑼冿紝鍒濇褰㈡垚浜嗕互鍥藉鏍囧噯涓轰富锛岃涓氭爣鍑嗕负杈咃紝浠ュ強瀹夊叏鏍囧噯鍜岄厤濂楁敮鎾戞爣鍑嗗叡鍚岀粍鎴愮殑杈冧负瀹屽杽鐨勫啘鑽畫鐣欐爣鍑嗕綋绯汇€?/span>
涓庡師鏈夋爣鍑嗙浉姣旓紝2005瀹炴柦鐨勬柊鏍囧噯鏄牴鎹闄╄瘎浼扮粨鏋滐紝骞跺弬鑰冧簡CAC銆佺編鍥姐€佹鐩熺瓑鍥藉鍙婄粍缁囧埗瀹氱殑鏍囧噯鑰屽埗瀹氱殑銆傛柊鏍囧噯涓?/span>CAC鏍囧噯鐨勭鍚堢巼鐢卞師鏉ョ殑14.6锛呮彁楂樺埌浜?/span>85锛呬互涓婏紝鏈?/span>83绉嶅啘鑽殑274椤?/span>MRLs鏍囧噯鐩存帴閲囩敤浜?/span>2004骞寸殑CAC鏍囧噯鎴栦笌鍏朵竴鑷淬€傛煇浜涚壒瀹氱殑绮銆佽敩鑿滅瓑椋熷搧锛屽洜鎴戝浗灞呮皯鐨勯鐢ㄩ噺杈冨ぇ锛屽叾鍐滆嵂娈嬬暀鎸囨爣杩樿涓ヤ簬CAC鏍囧噯銆傛柊鏍囧噯杩樿€冭檻鍒颁簡鍐滆嵂鐨勪唬璋骇鐗╁強鏉傝川瀵逛汉浣撳彲鑳介€犳垚鐨勫嵄瀹筹紝澧炲姞浜嗘瘨鎬у垎绾х殑鍐呭锛屽皢椋熷搧涓殑鍚勭鍐滆嵂娈嬬暀鍒嗕负鍓ф瘨銆侀珮姣掋€佷腑绛夋瘨鎬у拰浣庢瘨鍑犱釜绾у埆锛屽苟鍒楀嚭浜嗗啘鑽敤閫斻€?/span>ADI銆?/span> ARfD銆佹畫鐣欑殑瀹氫箟鍜屾楠屾柟娉曠瓑淇℃伅銆傚椋熷搧鍜屽啘浜у搧鐨勫垎绫绘洿缁嗭紝濡傚皢钄彍鍒嗕负鍙惰彍绫汇€佹灉鑿滅被绛夛紝灏嗘按鏋滃垎涓轰粊鏋滅被銆佹牳鏋滅被绛夛紝浣挎爣鍑嗘洿鍏锋湁绉戝鎬с€佸悎鐞嗘€с€佸疄鐢ㄦ€у拰鍙瘮鎬?/span>[22]銆?/span>
3.2 瀛樺湪鐨勫樊璺濓紙鐣ワ級
4 灏忕粨锛堢暐锛?/span>
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