POWERnews：California to Restrict Power Plant Ocean Water Use
加州严控海水使用
Rules adopted by the California Water Resources Control Board on Tuesday will force 19 coastal power plants—including two nuclear plants—in that state to phase out “once-through cooling” practices to reduce their impact on marine life. The new rules—the first in the U.S. to restrict ocean water use for existing power plants—could have widespread implications, including massive costs and forced shutdowns.
周二由加州水资源控制委员会通过的规则将迫使19座滨海电厂，其中包括两个核电厂在该州逐步淘汰“直流冷却”的做法，以减少其对海洋生物的影响。新的规则——美国{dy}份限制现有发电厂利用海水的规则，将产生广泛的影响，包括大量的费用和（电厂）强制关停。
The , which now heads to the state Office of Administrative Law, establishes best technology–based standards to implement the federal Clean Water Act section 316(b). It will allow aging plants to develop replacement infrastructure—such as implementing a closed-cycle cooling system—before shutting down cooling systems.
关于沿海和河口水域电厂冷却利用的政策，由州行政法办公室主导，建立{zxj}的技术为基础的标准来执行xx清洁水法第316（b）项。它将允许老化电厂更换基础设施——如实行封闭循环冷却系统冷却系统——在关停（现有）冷却系统之前。
The rules were developed to protect marine organisms “without disrupting critical needs of the state’s electrical generation and transmission system,” the regulatory body said on its website. The agency has estimated that upgrades will cost on average about 1 cent a kilowatt-hour, on average.
规则的制订是为了保护海洋生物“不破坏州发电和输电系统的关键需求”。监管机构在其网站上说。该机构估计升级花费的平均费用水平约为1美分每千瓦小时。
California power plants currently have the ability to withdraw more than 15 billion gallons per day from state coastal and estuarine waters using a single-pass system. A majority will have until at least 2015 to comply with the regulations, though plants in the Los Angeles area will have until 2020 because of its complex power needs.
目前加州电厂每天通过直流系统从沿海和河口水域中有能力收回超过150亿加仑海水。多数电站将至少到2015年可符合这一规定，但洛杉矶地区的电站因其复杂的电力需求要到2020年才可实现。
Among the plants affected are Dynegy’s South Bay plant near San Diego and its Morro Bay plant—both which may be shut down by 2015, the company told the board on Tuesday. The state’s two nuclear power plants, Diablo Canyon and San Onofre, will have until 2024 and 2022, respectively, to reconfigure their cooling systems. The operators of both plants have protested for the last three years that moving to cooling towers would be both massively expensive and likely impossible.
这下电厂中首影响的是圣地亚哥附近的达力智南湾电厂和摩罗贝伊电站——都可能到2015年被关闭，该公司周二向委员会报告。该州的两座核电厂，迪亚波罗峡谷电站和圣奥诺弗雷电站，将2024年和2022年之前，分别重新配置他们的冷却系统。这两个电站的经营者在过去的三年抗议，转向冷却塔将费用昂贵且几乎不可能。
The state said that cooling water withdrawals cause adverse impacts when larger aquatic organisms, such as fish and mammals, are trapped against a facility’s intake screens (impingement) and when smaller organisms, such as larvae and eggs, are drawn through the cooling system (entrainment) and killed.
州政府说，冷却水提取导致了负面影响，当大的水生生物，如鱼和哺乳动物，被电厂的进口拦网捕卷吸（撞击），以及在较小的生物，如幼虫和卵，通过冷却系统流出（夹带）和杀死。
The five-member Water Resources Control Board voted unanimously to pass the regulations nearly five years after it was first proposed. The rules come one month after regulators in New York State for Energy Corp.’s 2,000-MW Indian Point nuclear power plant.
这是规定被首次提出接近5年时间之后，由五名成员组成水资源控制委员会xx一致通过。这些规则来后一个月纽约州监管机构拒绝了一家能源公司印第安点核电厂2000兆瓦容量的水质量许可证。
California water board staff said that in developing the policy, it had consulted with representatives from the California Energy Commission, the California Public Utilities Commission, the California Coastal Commission, the California State Lands Commission, the California Air Resources Board, and the California Independent System Operator to “develop realistic implementation plans and schedules that will ensure electric grid reliability.”
加州水委员会的工作人员说，在制订这一政策，它已与来自美国加州能源委员会加州公共事业委员会，加州海岸委员会，土地委员会的加利福尼亚州，加州空气资源委员会，以及加州独立系统运营商的代表进行协商，以“制定现实的执行计划和时间表，确保电网的可靠性。”
Sources: California Water Resources Control Board, POWERnews
周二由加州水资源控制委员会通过的规则将迫使19座滨海电厂，其中包括两个核电厂在该州逐步淘汰“直流冷却”的做法，以减少其对海洋生物的影响。新的规则——美国{dy}份限制现有发电厂利用海水的规则，将产生广泛的影响，包括大量的费用和（电厂）强制关停。
The , which now heads to the state Office of Administrative Law, establishes best technology–based standards to implement the federal Clean Water Act section 316(b). It will allow aging plants to develop replacement infrastructure—such as implementing a closed-cycle cooling system—before shutting down cooling systems.
关于沿海和河口水域电厂冷却利用的政策，由州行政法办公室主导，建立{zxj}的技术为基础的标准来执行xx清洁水法第316（b）项。它将允许老化电厂更换基础设施——如实行封闭循环冷却系统冷却系统——在关停（现有）冷却系统之前。
The rules were developed to protect marine organisms “without disrupting critical needs of the state’s electrical generation and transmission system,” the regulatory body said on its website. The agency has estimated that upgrades will cost on average about 1 cent a kilowatt-hour, on average.
规则的制订是为了保护海洋生物“不破坏州发电和输电系统的关键需求”。监管机构在其网站上说。该机构估计升级花费的平均费用水平约为1美分每千瓦小时。
California power plants currently have the ability to withdraw more than 15 billion gallons per day from state coastal and estuarine waters using a single-pass system. A majority will have until at least 2015 to comply with the regulations, though plants in the Los Angeles area will have until 2020 because of its complex power needs.
目前加州电厂每天通过直流系统从沿海和河口水域中有能力收回超过150亿加仑海水。多数电站将至少到2015年可符合这一规定，但洛杉矶地区的电站因其复杂的电力需求要到2020年才可实现。
Among the plants affected are Dynegy’s South Bay plant near San Diego and its Morro Bay plant—both which may be shut down by 2015, the company told the board on Tuesday. The state’s two nuclear power plants, Diablo Canyon and San Onofre, will have until 2024 and 2022, respectively, to reconfigure their cooling systems. The operators of both plants have protested for the last three years that moving to cooling towers would be both massively expensive and likely impossible.
这下电厂中首影响的是圣地亚哥附近的达力智南湾电厂和摩罗贝伊电站——都可能到2015年被关闭，该公司周二向委员会报告。该州的两座核电厂，迪亚波罗峡谷电站和圣奥诺弗雷电站，将2024年和2022年之前，分别重新配置他们的冷却系统。这两个电站的经营者在过去的三年抗议，转向冷却塔将费用昂贵且几乎不可能。
The state said that cooling water withdrawals cause adverse impacts when larger aquatic organisms, such as fish and mammals, are trapped against a facility’s intake screens (impingement) and when smaller organisms, such as larvae and eggs, are drawn through the cooling system (entrainment) and killed.
州政府说，冷却水提取导致了负面影响，当大的水生生物，如鱼和哺乳动物，被电厂的进口拦网捕卷吸（撞击），以及在较小的生物，如幼虫和卵，通过冷却系统流出（夹带）和杀死。
The five-member Water Resources Control Board voted unanimously to pass the regulations nearly five years after it was first proposed. The rules come one month after regulators in New York State for Energy Corp.’s 2,000-MW Indian Point nuclear power plant.
这是规定被首次提出接近5年时间之后，由五名成员组成水资源控制委员会xx一致通过。这些规则来后一个月纽约州监管机构拒绝了一家能源公司印第安点核电厂2000兆瓦容量的水质量许可证。
California water board staff said that in developing the policy, it had consulted with representatives from the California Energy Commission, the California Public Utilities Commission, the California Coastal Commission, the California State Lands Commission, the California Air Resources Board, and the California Independent System Operator to “develop realistic implementation plans and schedules that will ensure electric grid reliability.”
加州水委员会的工作人员说，在制订这一政策，它已与来自美国加州能源委员会加州公共事业委员会，加州海岸委员会，土地委员会的加利福尼亚州，加州空气资源委员会，以及加州独立系统运营商的代表进行协商，以“制定现实的执行计划和时间表，确保电网的可靠性。”
Sources: California Water Resources Control Board, POWERnews
![[组图]姚明赛季报销深感遗憾 巨人穿西装助阵火箭](https://pic.qiyeku.com/qiyeku_img_404.jpg)