Question:
What is a Gasoline Direct Injection Turbocharged Machine? Introduction Principles and Applications?

Answer:
“Downsizing (small or compact of)” the term a few years ago only the scattered books and computer and electronics technology, and now, like a mantra, like flooding in the international automobile industry, people It is regarded as a vehicle to solve the current problems encountered by a panacea.
In fact, “Downsizing” the specific meaning of the use of small displacement engines, to reduce vehicle size and the total mass in order to achieve energy efficient, resource saving, light weight and low-emission, low-cost purpose. Use of small-displacement engine, bound for launch
machine down the volume, vehicle size down, and eventually lead to the total vehicle mass / weight down, fuel consumption down, car manufacturing and operating costs come down, in a word: to achieve savings .
, however, to reduce fuel consumption alone can not win customers, although people would like to economical to drive, but did refuse to give up power, always want to make their car a strong and fast. So the EU countries and Japan, automobile manufacturers have introduced a lot of good small-scale direct-injection supercharged (or a mechanical compressor exhaust gas turbo supercharger) engine. From the mid-80s of last century, the direct-injection turbo-charged diesel engine of growth momentum of the cold car than gasoline engines. Forced by environmental pressures, in recent years, many countries have begun to implement more stringent limits for emissions and noise standards, the EU countries from May 1 this year, began to implement the Europe Ⅳ emission standards in 2008 will be implemented more stringent Europe Ⅴ standard.
Here it must be emphasized that, to promote miniaturization, not trying to make people generally purchase A00, A0, A-class mini-car, small car. Within the meaning of small displacement is relatively small, the smaller the object is B-level or above C, D, F-level intermediate, senior and high-level passenger cars. Measure is a combination of a variety of modern engine technologies and vehicle technologies that enable the performance of lower-level car at or very close to the higher level of vehicle performance. It is “letting the horse run well, letting the horse and eat it too”, which is possible?
Audi AG and Bosch GmbH of Germany took the lead to solve this problem. In 2004, Audi introduced the assembly and with the displacement 2L of the direct injection, supercharged TFSI gasoline engine of the A3 sports car, its maximum power to 147kW; the other hand, Bosch has been committed to developing a liter displacement can produce 100kW power, 200N · m torque gasoline engines, gasoline engines are the development of various systems has been ahead of the major multinational car companies. 2L of the displacement of 4-cylinder gasoline engine has done experimental prototype tests showed that the maximum power up to 220kW. Fuel consumption is not higher than the traditional gasoline engine of equal displacement over, but the power generated by more than one times than the latter. Miniaturization of the real engine is the Volkswagen developed, the displacement of only 1.4L small-displacement gasoline engine. It is the power of up to 125kW, have been installed on the golf license plates for cars and Touran MPV cars in conducting various experiments.
the same as the diesel engine, using gasoline engine supercharger technology will have sufficient torque at low speed region or the exhaust through the turbocharger compressor inlet compression allows to increase the air pressure into the strong, so the intake and spray Oil Cooler oil mist spray of gasoline mixed gas formed by combustion, the average effective cylinder pressure also significantly increased, thus? irregular loopholes ⒍   Neon Moon Su feudぞright foot S take along fresh remonstrance? 1.4L gasoline engine with a supercharged technology, so despite the displacement of small, but its maximum torque of up to 240N · m. So far 1750 Touran MPV truck-mounted on the brand-cylinder direct-injection supercharged gasoline engine of this. Testing and the use of that, even if the engine speed up to 4500rpm, the output torque does not decrease. This means that, in the traditional B-class car fitted with low-emission engine A-Class achieved miniaturization.
According to Germany in June this year, published “AutoTechnology” report will be available in the fourth quarter of this year’s sixth-generation Passat B6 Volkswagen cars, there is a 2L will be fitted with the displacement of the cylinder direct injection gas turbine by pressure gasoline engine with a maximum power of 147kW, maximum torque of 280N · m; Germany, published in April this year, “ATZ” magazine special issue “New Passat” also reported that Volkswagen’s sixth generation Passat B6 to make cars across the mid-size limits, the performance reached an advanced level of car developed a displacement of 3.2L (for the European market) and the 3.6L (for the North American market), each set of cylinder-cylinder four-valve direct injection, exhaust turbo - pressurized, non-class variable valve timing, variable intake manifold and high-pressure common rail type fuel supply technology (usually only used in modern diesel engines) and many other advanced technology in one of the VR series of transversely installed petrol models. VR3.6 engine maximum power of up to 206kW/6200rpm; maximum torque to 360N · m/2750rpm; their minimum specific fuel consumption less than 360g/kW · h. While the public company’s traditional naturally aspirated, 1.6L MPI-displacement gasoline engine for the minimum specific fuel consumption is always 390g/kW · h or so. Coupled with Passat B6 crash using ultra-light body structure, so the vehicle’s performance is very close to E, or F-Class. Another sense, namely, the miniaturization.

Chinese:何谓汽油缸内直喷增压机？介绍原理和应用？

问题:
何谓汽油缸内直喷增压机？介绍原理和应用？

回答:
“Downsizing(小型化或紧凑化)”一词，前几年仅散见于计算机和电子技术科技书刊，而今却像咒语一样，充斥于国际汽车界，人们把它奉为解决当前汽车所遇到的各种问题的灵丹妙药。
　　其实“Downsizing”的具体含义是采用小排量发动机，降低整车尺寸和总质量，从而实现省能源、省资源、轻量化和低排放、低成本的目的。采用小排量发动机，必然会使发动
机的体积降下来，整车尺寸降下来，最终导致整车总质/重量下降、油耗下降、汽车的制造和运行成本下降，一句话：实现节约。
　　然而，单靠降低油耗并不能赢得用户，人们虽然想经济节约地行驶，却又丝毫不肯放弃功率，总是想要使自己的爱车强劲、快速。于是欧盟国家和日本的汽车生产商便推出许多优秀的小型直喷增压(废气涡轮增压或是机械压缩机增压)发动机。从上世纪80年代中叶起，直喷、增压中冷轿车柴油机的增长势头超过了汽油机。迫于环境压力，近年来，许多国家都开始实施越来越严格的排放和噪声限值标准，欧盟各国从今年5月1日起已开始实施欧Ⅳ排放标准，2008年将实施更为严格的欧Ⅴ标准。
　　这里必须强调指出的是，提倡小型化，并不是试图让人们普遍购置A00、A0、A级的微型车、小型车。小型化所指的小排量是相对的，小型化的对象是B级以上的C、D、F级的中级、中高级和高级乘用车。措施是综合采用各种现代发动机技术和整车技术，使较低级车的各项性能达到或十分接近较高一级车的性能指标。正是“又让马儿跑得好，又让马儿少吃草”，这是可能的吗？
　　德国奥迪公司和博世公司率先解决了这个问题。2004年，奥迪公司推出了装用排量为2L的直喷、增压TFSI汽油机的A3跑车，其{zd0}功率达到147kW；另一方面博世公司一直致力于开发出每升排量可产生100kW功率、200N·m扭矩的汽油机，它们对汽油发动机各系统的开发已{lx1}于各大跨国汽车公司。对排量为2L的4缸汽油机试验样机所做的试验表明，其{zd0}功率可达220kW。油耗并不比同等排量的传统汽油机多，可是所产生的功率却比后者多1倍。真正的小型化发动机是大众公司开发出来的、排量只有1.4L的小排量汽油机。它的功率高达125kW，现已装于高尔夫牌轿车和途安牌MPV车上进行各种试验。
　　如同柴油机一样，采用增压技术也会使汽油机有充足的扭矩，在低速区域能通过压缩机或是废气涡轮增压器使进气压缩，以增加进气压强，因此进气与喷油器喷出的汽油油雾所形成的混和气燃烧后，气缸内的平均有效压强也就有显著的增加，从而?龃罅朔⒍氖涑雠ぞ亍Ｓ捎谏鲜?1.4L汽油机采用了增压技术，所以尽管排量很小，可是它的{zd0}扭矩高达240N·m。目前已有1750辆途安牌MPV车装上了这种缸内直喷增压汽油发动机。试验和使用表明，即使发动机的转速升至4500rpm，所输出的扭矩也并不降低。这就是说，在传统B级车上装上小排量A级车的发动机，实现了小型化。
　　另据今年6月德国出版的《AutoTechnology》报道，将于今年第四季度面市的大众第六代帕萨特B6轿车中，有一款将装用排量为2L的缸内直喷废气涡轮增压汽油机，其{zd0}功率为147kW，{zd0}扭矩为280N·m；今年4月德国出版的《ATZ》杂志特刊《新型帕萨特》还报道，大众公司为使第六代帕萨特B6轿车跨越中级车界限，各项性能达到高级轿车的水平，开发出排量为3.2L(面向欧洲市场)和3.6L(面向北美市场)，每缸4气门的集缸内直喷、废气涡轮增压、无级可调气门正时、变量进气歧管和高压共轨式供油技术(通常只用于现代柴油机)等多项先进技术于一身的VR系列横置机型的汽油机。VR3.6发动机的{zd0}功率高达206kW/6200rpm；{zd0}扭矩达到360N·m/2750rpm；其{zd1}比油耗不足360g/kW·h。而大众公司传统的自然吸气、排量为1.6L的MPI汽油机的{zd1}比油耗总是在390g/kW·h左右。再加上帕萨特B6的车身采用了防撞超轻结构，所以整车的各项性能指标非常接近于E或F级车。此即另一种意义上的小型化。