世界博览会历史简介world expo Brief History 阿里巴巴ywlongtong的 ...
世界博览会(world exhibition or exposition,简称world expo)是一项由主办国政府组织或政府委托有关部门举办的有较大影响和悠久历史的国际性博览活动。它已经历了百余年的历史,最初以美术品和传统工艺品的展示为主,后来逐渐变为荟萃科学技术与产业技术的展览会,成为培育产业人才和一般市民的启蒙教育不可多得的场所。

世界展览会的会场不单是展示技术和商品,而且伴以异彩纷呈的表演,富有魅力的壮观景色,设置成日常生活中无法体验的、充满节日气氛的空间,成为一般市民娱乐和消费的理想场所。
在古代农耕社会,人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动,后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪,波斯举办了{dy}个超越集市功能的展览会。18世纪,随着新技术和新产品的不断出现,人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似,但只展不卖,以宣传、展出新产品和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步,社会生产力的发展,展览会的规模也逐步扩大,参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国,由国内延伸到国外,直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。

二战后,世界人民在满目疮痪的废墟上重建家园,并在恢复生产,复苏经济的基础上,于1958年在比利时首都布鲁塞尔举行战后{dy}个世界博览会,主题“科学、文明和人性”。为了体现科学的这个主题思想,布鲁塞尔世博会建造了一座原子能结构的球型展馆,代表看人类进入了科技进步的新世纪的象征,它独特新颖的造形,虽然时隔快半个世纪之久,但仍然历历在目。博览会的辉煌和丰富,几乎便以往的所有坞博会都默然失色。

1962年美国西雅图举办了一次规模不大的专业性的博览会 “太空时代的人类”。博览会展出f新的先进科技,自动售货机和单钢轨铁路,使其获得了巨大的成功。

1964年为了纪念纽约建城300周年,纽约又一次举办了世界博览会,虽主题的格调高雅 “通过理解走向和平”。然而这次世博会浓重的商业气氛,使观众驻足不前,失去了纪念活动的意义。1970年在日本大阪首次举办了世界博览会,日本人称之为万国博览会,体现“人类的进步与和谐”,向观众展示了继东京奥运会之后,日本日本在各方面的发展和成就,得益于这次博览会,日本在以后10年的经济发展中,一直保持强劲的势头。

1985年再次举办世界博览会,会址是在新城筑波市,一座距东京50多公里的全新科学文化城。博览会的主题是:“居住与环境 人类的家居科技”。时隔一年,加拿大为纪念温哥华建城100周年,又举办了一次以“交通运输”为主题的博览会。

1988年是英国人在澳洲建立居住点200周年,为铭记这一日子,澳大利亚在东部黄金海岸城市布里斯班举办了世界博览会。这次博览会的主题“科技时代的休闲生活”。体现了人类在当今科学技术极其发达的时代中休闻和娱乐。各国都围绕这个主题大做文章,以体育、文娱、旅游、休闲、烹调、园艺等等各种内容来体现人类生活的丰富多彩。

1990年日本大阪举办丁ai类专业性的国际花绿博览会,主题是:“人类与自然”。展出以世界园艺为内容,作为庆祝大阪“新的开端”100周年的纪念活动。这次展览会共有82个国家参加,55个国际组织与日本各省市和大企业都单独设了展馆或展台。百次在亚洲实现了大型国际园艺博览会,取得了臣大的成功。

1992年,是哥伦布发现美洲500周年,为此,西班牙政府在塞维利亚举办了世博会,把博览会的主题命名为“发现的时代”。世博会占地面积478万平方米,有100多个国家参加。观众达的6000多万人次。距今最近的一次博览会是1993年韩国大田博览会,这是世界上{dy}次由发展中国家举办的世界博览会。主题为:“新的起飞之路”。

筹备世界博览会是一个浩翰的庞大的系统工程,作为一个国家政府的重大行动,它不仅成为纪念某个重大历史性事件的国际活动,而且可以展示和传经济、文化、科技某一方面所取得的重大成就,因此,筹备时间,一般都需要5~6年的时间。在本世纪以末前已经拟定的世博会有:1998年在葡萄牙里斯本世界博览会。1998年是联合国批准的国际海洋年,博览会的主题为:“海洋——未来的财富”。博览会占地55公顷,特有120个国家和地区参加。接待观众预计2000万人次,这是一个专业性博览会。

1999年 国在昆明申办ai类专业性的世界园艺博览会。5月1日,中国1999世界园艺博览会在云南省昆明市隆重开幕。这是在 国首次举办的全球性园艺盛会,其主题是“人与自然,迈向二十一世纪”。博览会展示了各国的园艺传统和园艺品种,每天吸引世界各地数以万计的参观者,历时184天,于1999年10月31日闭幕。

2000年在德国汉诺威举办21世纪{dy}个国际博览会,使汉诺威闻名世界。

2005年日本国际博览会(简称为“爱知世博会”)于2005年3月24日下午在日本爱知县举行开幕式。

日本天皇夫妇、皇太子、日本首相小泉纯一郎以及各国代表近2500人出席了当天下午的开幕式。

“爱知世博会”自本月25日起将进行历时半年的大型博览活动。本次世博会的主题是“自然的睿智”。共有121个国家和4个国际组织参加本次世博会,中国也是参展国之一。“爱知世博会”的中国馆以十二生肖、九龙壁等具有浓郁中国特色的景观进行装饰,其主题是“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”。

(二)国际博览局与世界博览会
举办世界博览会的目的往往是为庆祝一个重大的历史事件或一个地区、一个国家的重要纪念活动:为了展示人类在菜一或多个领域中,政治、经济、文化、科技方面取得的成就,为了展现人类社会及经济发展的未来的前景而申办的各种各样世界博览会,其举办时间之长,展出规模之大,参观人数之众,参展国家之多,耗资巨大是任何一个展览会是不能比拟的。

举办世界博览会不仅给一些国家带来了具大的经济效益,给举办国家带来发展的机遇,扩大国际交流与合作,促进经济的发展,而且举办国创造了很好的社会效益.宣传和扩大了举办国家的知名度和声誉从而促进了社会的繁荣和进步。因此,许多发达国家,纷纷利用世界博览会来宣传自己的国家的形象。例如法国分别于1876年、1878年、1889年和1900年连续四次主办了同类大规模的世博会。美国分别于1876年、1893年、1904年、1915年、1933年、1939年、1962年、1964年连续八次主办了不同规模、不同主题的世博会。日本于二次大战后,分别于1970年、1985年、1990年连续三次主办世博会,最近又成功申办了2005年举办第四次世博会。由于影响大,—些发达国家都争办世博会,但由于世博会举办得过于频繁,加上有些主办国家组织工作较差,导致种种矛盾迭起,给参展国政府带来财政及其他方面的困难。为了控制博览会举办的频率和保证博览会的水平1928年由法国发起成立了“国际展览局”(bie),截至目前为止,bie成员国有87个,中国于1993年12月正式成为bie成员国,国际展览局总部设在法国巴黎。

bie成立后,于1928年11月22日召开会议,来自31个国家的代表参加,会议上一些国家政府认为有必要建立一套组织规章制度,制止世界博览会的混乱状况,并为参展者提供必要的保证措施。这次会议签订了世界上{dy}个关于协调与管理世界博览会的建设性“公约”,即《1928年国际展览会巴黎公约》。该公约规定了世界博览会的举办周期和展出者与组织者的权利与义务,明确规定每,3—5年才举办一次性的世博会,综合性的世博会展出时间不超过6个月,期间可以适当安排专业性的世博会,专业性的世博会时间不超过3个月,公约的执行机构是国际展览局(bie)。此后,国际展览局又就“公约”的有关规定作了修订,签订了1948年和1966年的两个协定书。1972年11月30日,国际展览局签署了新的“议定书”,自此,该议定书便一直作为指导世界博览会的组织的规章。“公约”还不断修改和完善,特别是对世上不发达国家的参展,主办国有义务在参展费用方面给予免费或优惠,而且对有些不发达国家给予一定的资助,例如,除免费提供场地外,在展台设计、施工、布置和参展人员费用给予补贴,让一些经济困难的国家或不发达国家也能参加世界博览会的大家庭。

负责协调管理世界博览会的国际组织是国际展览局,英文简称为bie。国际展览局成立于1928年,总部设在法国巴黎,其章程为《国际展览公约》。该公约由31个国家和政府代表于1928年在巴黎签署,分别于1948年、1966年及1972年作过修正。


国际展览局(bie)的宗旨是通过协调和举办世界博览会,促进世界各国经济、文化和科学技术的交流和发展。国际展览局的常务办事机构为秘书处,秘书长为该处的{zg}领导,现任秘书长是洛瑟泰尔先生。
World Exposition (world exhibition or exposition, referred to as world expo) is a government organization or by the host country commissioned by the Government departments concerned have held great influence and a long history of international Expo activities. It has gone through over a hundred years of history, the original artwork and traditional crafts to the main display, then gradually turned into meta-science and technology and industrial technology exhibition, a breeding industry professionals and the general public a rare place for elementary education .

Exhibition venue in the world not only to demonstrate technology and products, and accompanied by colorful performances, spectacular scenery and charming, set in daily life can not experience full of festive atmosphere of the room, as the general public an ideal place for entertainment and consumption
.
In the ancient agricultural society, people often celebrate the harvest, ritual, celebration of festivals celebrating the launch trading activities, and later evolved to become regular, have a fixed place to exchange goods for the purpose of large-scale trade and display assembly. This is the earliest form of the Expo. 5th century AD, Persia held the first exhibition features beyond the market. The 18th century, as new technologies and new products emerging, people gradually organize and market think similar, but not for sale only show to promote, display new products and results for the purpose of exhibition. Prague, Czech Republic in 1791, hosted the first such exhibition.
As science and technology, development of social productivity, gradually expand the scale of the exhibition, exhibitors geographical range from one extended throughout the country by a domestic extension to foreign countries until the development of a participation of many countries worldwide by the Bolan Hui.

World War II, the world's people and breakdowns in the devastated ruins of their homes and resume production on the basis of economic recovery, in 1958 after the war in the Belgian capital Brussels, the first World Exposition on the theme "Science, civilization and humanity." To reflect the theme of scientific thinking, Brussels Expo built a spherical atomic structure of Pavilion, on behalf of scientific and technological progress to see the dawn of a new century, a symbol, its unique novel form, though after a lapse of half a century-long fast, still vivid in my mind.
Expo brilliant and rich, almost all of Hollywood would ever eclipsed Fair are silent.

1962, Seattle held a modest professional exhibition "space-age man."
Expo exhibition f the new advanced technology, vending machines and single-rail railway, it was a great success.

In 1964 to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the city of New York, New York World's Fair was held again, though elegant theme "towards peace through understanding." However, the Expo strong business atmosphere in which audience's attention not before lost the meaning of commemoration. 1970 held in Osaka, Japan for the first time the World Expo, the Japanese call it an international exhibition, reflects "human progress and harmony", to show the audience following the Tokyo Olympic Games, Japan and Japan in all developments and achievements, thanks to
The Expo, Japan after 10 years of economic development has always been to remain strong.

World Expo 1985, once again, site of Tsukuba in Metro City, a more than 50 kilometers away from Tokyo's new city of science and culture. Expo's theme is: "living in the home and the environment of human technology."
One year later, the city of Vancouver, Canada, to commemorate the 100th anniversary, they held a meeting on "Transport" as the theme of the Expo.

In 1988 the British set up residence in Australia 200 years, to bear in mind that day, in the eastern Australian city of Brisbane, the Gold Coast held a World's Fair. The fair's theme of "the technological age of leisure." Reflects the very human in today's age of advanced science and technology news and entertainment in the rest.
Countries are a big issue around the theme, sports, entertainment, tourism, recreation, cooking, horticulture and so a variety of content to reflect the richness of human life.

Held in Osaka, Japan in 1990, D ai specialty, international flower Green Expo with the theme: "Human and Nature." Gardening for the content on display to the world as a celebration of Osaka "new beginning" of the 100th anniversary. The exhibition a total of 82 countries participated in 55 international organizations and Japan's provinces and municipalities and large enterprises have set up pavilions or stand alone.
100 times in Asia to achieve a major international horticultural exposition, has achieved great success minister.

In 1992, the 500th anniversary of Columbus discovery of America, for which the Government of Spain hosted the World Expo in Seville, the Expo's theme named "age of discovery." Expo area of 4.78 million square meters, more than 100 countries participate. Audience reach of more than 6000 million. Fair is the last major exhibition in 1993, Daejeon, Korea, this is the world's first world exposition held by developing countries.
Theme: "The new take-off of the road."

Voluminous preparation for the World Expo is a huge systematic project, the national government as a major operation, it is not only a commemoration of an important historic event of international activities, and can display and Chuan economy, culture, science and technology achieved in the area Mouyi significant achievements, therefore, lead time, generally requires 5 to 6 years. Before the end of this century have been developed for the Expo: 1998 World Expo in Lisbon, Portugal. 1998 was approved by the United Nations International Year of the Ocean, the Expo with the theme: "Marine - the future of the wealth." Fair covers an area of 55 hectares, 120 specific countries and regions to participate.
Reception million visitors expected in 2000, this is a professional exhibition.

In 1999 the country's bid ai class in Kunming International Horticultural Exposition professional. May 1, 1999 China International Horticultural Exposition in Kunming, Yunnan Province opened. This is the first held in the country a global horticultural event, the theme of "man and nature, into the twenty-first century."
Fair display of national tradition and horticultural varieties of garden every day to attract tens of thousands of visitors from around the world, lasted 184 days, on October 31, 1999 closing.

Hannover, Germany in 2000 the first international exposition in the 21st century, so that the world-famous Hanover.

Japan International Expo 2005 (referred to as "EXPO") on March 24, 2005 at the opening ceremony was held in Aichi, Japan.

Japanese royal couple, Crown Prince, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi of Japan and nearly 2,500 delegates attended the opening of the afternoon.

"EXPO" Since starting on the 25th of this month took six months will be a large Expo activities. The theme of this Expo is "Nature's Wisdom." Total of 121 countries and 4 international organizations participating in this Expo, China is also one of the countries participating.
"EXPO" the China Pavilion to Zodiac, Nine Dragon Wall of China is rich in features such as landscape decoration, the theme of "Nature, City, Harmony - Art of Living."

(B) of the International Expo Bureau and the World Expo
Often the purpose of holding the World Expo is a celebration of a significant historical event or a region or a country's major celebrations: In order to demonstrate one or more human beings in the vegetable fields, political, and economic, cultural, technological achievements, in order to display of human social and economic development 的 future prospects and various World Expo bid, the Juban duration, the exhibition scale, number of public Shen Guan, many exhibitors Guo Jia, cost Juda yes to any exhibition is
can not be compared.

Expo has brought not only some countries with large economic benefits to the host country to bring development opportunities to expand international exchanges and cooperation and promote economic development, and the host country to create a good social benefits. Promoting and expanding the organization of national visibility and reputation to promote social prosperity and progress. Thus, many developed countries, have used the World Expo to promote their country's image. Such as France, respectively in 1876, 1878, 1889 and 1900, hosted four consecutive World Expo of similar scale. United States respectively in 1876, 1893, 1904, 1915, 1933, 1939, 1962, 1964, eight consecutive host of different size, different themes Expo. Japan after World War II, respectively, in 1970, 1985, 1990, the Expo will three times, most recently successful bid to host the 2005 World Expo held in the fourth. As a great impact - some developed countries compete to host the event, but the Expo will be held too frequently, with some host countries, poor organization, leading to many conflicts repeatedly, and to the participating governments to bring financial and other difficulties. In order to control the frequency and Expo level to ensure fair initiated by the French in 1928 established the "Bureau of International Expositions" (bie), so far, bie 87 member states, China in December 1993 became a bie Member States, international
BIE is headquartered in Paris, France.

bie established, on November 22, 1928 meeting, representatives from 31 countries participated, meeting a number of countries we consider it necessary to establish a set of organizational rules and regulations to stop the World's Fair of confusion, and participants provided necessary guarantees. The meeting concluded the world's first World Exposition on the coordination and management of the constructive, "the Convention", that "the Paris Convention on the International Exhibition in 1928." The Convention of the World Expo held in cycles and exhibitors and the organizers of the rights and obligations clearly defined for each 3-5-year World Expo is held only a one-time, comprehensive exposition will display no more than 6 months during which you can appropriate arrangements for professional Expo, professional Expo no more than 3 months, the executing agency for the International Convention and Exhibition Bureau (bie). Since then, the International Exhibition Bureau has on the "Convention" of the relevant provisions of the revised, signed in 1948 and 1966, the two protocols. November 30, 1972, the International Exhibitions Bureau signed a new "Protocol" Since then, the protocol has been organized as a guide in the world exposition regulations. "Convention" also continue to modify and improve, especially in the developed world are not participating, the organizers have an obligation to the exhibition free of charge or discount fee, but some of the least developed countries provide some funding, for example, in addition to free space, the
In the booth design, construction, layout and exhibitor personnel costs are subsidized, so that some of the economic difficulties of the country or not developed at the World Expo can be a big family.

Responsible for coordinating the management of the world exposition of the international organization is the International Exhibitions Bureau, the English referred to as bie. International Exhibitions Bureau was established in 1928 and headquartered in Paris, France, its charter as a "Convention on International Exhibitions."
The Convention of 31 representatives of state and government signed in Paris in 1928, respectively, in 1948, 1966 and amendments made in 1972.


International Exhibitions Bureau (bie) aims to coordinate and organize the world through the Expo to promote the world economy, culture and science and technology exchanges and development.
Managing the International Exhibitions Bureau offices for the Secretariat, the Secretary-General for the Department's top leadership, the incumbent, Mr. Secretary-General is Luosetaier. 
 

 

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