原文：
采购阀门的技术要求和技巧： 一、通用要求： 　　1、阀门规格及类别，应符合管道设计文件的要求。 　　2、阀门的型号应注明依据的国标编号要求。若是企业标准， 应注明型号的相关说明。 　　3、阀门工作压力，要求≥管道的工作压力，在不影响价格的前提下，阀门可承受的工压应大于管道实际的工压；阀门关闭状况下的任何一侧应能承受1.1倍阀门工压值，而不渗漏；阀门开启状况下，阀体应能承受二倍阀门工压的要求。 　　4、阀门制造标准， 应说明依据的国标编号，若是企业标准，采购合同上应附企业文件。 二、阀门材质： 　　1、阀门材质：由于灰铸铁管材逐渐不推荐使用，阀体材质应以球墨铸铁为主，并注明牌号及铸件实际的物理化学检测数据。 　　2、阀杆材质：力求不锈钢阀杆(2CR13)，大口径阀门也应是不锈钢嵌包的阀杆。 　　3、螺母材质：采用铸铝黄铜或铸铝青铜，且硬度与强度均大于阀杆。 　　4、阀杆衬套材质：其硬度与强度均应不大于阀杆，且在水浸泡状况下与阀杆、阀体不形成电化学腐蚀。 　　5、密封面的材质：① 阀门类别不一，密封方式及材质要求不一；②普通楔式闸阀，铜环的材质、固定方式、研磨方式均应说明；③软密封闸阀，阀板衬胶材料的物理化学及卫生检测数据；④蝶阀应标明阀体上密封面材质及蝶板上密封面材质；它们的物理化学检测数据，特别是橡胶的卫生要求、抗老化性能、耐磨性能；通常采用丁睛橡胶及三元乙丙橡胶等，严禁掺用再生胶。 　　6、阀轴填料：①由于管网中的阀门，通常是启闭不频繁的，要求填料在数年内不活动，填料亦不老化，长期保持密封效果；②阀轴填料亦应在承受频繁启闭时，密封效果的良好性；③鉴于上述要求，阀轴填料力求终身不换或十多年不更换；④填料若需更换，阀门设计应考虑能有水压的状况下更换的措施。 三、变速传动箱： 　　1、箱体材质及内外防腐要求与阀体原则一致。 　　2、箱体应有密封措施，箱体组装后能承受3米水柱状况的浸泡。 　　3、箱体上的启闭限位装置，其调节螺帽应在箱体内。 　　4、传动结构设计合理，启闭时只能带动阀轴旋转，不使其上下窜动，传动部件咬合适度，不产生带负荷启闭时分离打滑。 　　5、变速传动箱体与阀轴密封处不可连接成无泄漏的整体。 　　6、箱体内无杂物，齿轮咬合部位应有润滑脂保护。 四、阀门的操作机构： 　　1、阀门操作时的启闭方向，一律应顺时针关闭。 　　2、由于管网中的阀门，经常是人工启闭，启闭转数不宜过多，就是大口径阀门亦应在200-600转内。 　　3、为了便于一个人的启闭操作，在管道工压状况下，{zd0}启闭力矩宜为240m-m。 　　4、阀门启闭操作端应为方榫，且尺寸标准化，并面向地面，以便人们从地面上可直接操作。带轮盘的阀门不适用于地下管网。 　　5、阀门启闭程度的显示盘①阀门启闭程度的刻度线，应铸造在变速箱盖上或转换方向后的显示盘的外壳上，一律面向地面，刻度线刷上荧光粉，以示醒目；②指示盘针的材质在管理较好的情况下可用不锈钢板，否则为刷漆的钢板，切勿使用铝皮制作；③指示盘针醒目，固定牢靠，一旦启闭调节准确后，应以铆钉锁定。 　　6、若阀门埋设较深，操作机构及显示盘离地面距离≥15m时，应设有加长杆设施，且固定稳牢，以便人们从地面上观察及操作。也就是说，管网中的阀门启闭操作，不宜下井作业。 五、阀门的性能检测： 　　1、阀门某一规格批量制造时， 应委托xx性机构进行以下性能的检测：①阀门在工压状况下的启闭力矩；②在工压状况下，能保证阀门关闭严密的连续启闭次数；③阀门在管道输水状况下的流阻系数的检测。 　　2、阀门在出厂前应进行以下的检测：①阀门在开启状况下，阀体应承受阀门工压值二倍的内压检测；②阀门在关闭状况下，两侧分别承受11倍阀门工压值，无渗漏；但金属密封的蝶阀，渗漏值亦不大于相关要求。 六、阀门的内外防腐： 　　1、阀体(包括变速传动箱体)内外，首先应抛丸清砂除锈，力求静电喷涂粉状xx环氧树脂，厚度达03mm以上。特大型阀门静电喷涂xx环氧树脂有困难时，亦应刷涂、喷涂相似的xx环氧漆。 　　2、阀体内部以及阀板各个部位要求全面防腐，一方面浸泡在水中不会锈蚀，在两种金属之间不产生电化学腐蚀；二方面表面光滑使过水阻力减少。 　　3、阀体内防腐的环氧树脂或油漆的卫生要求，应有相应xx机关的检测报告。化学物理性能亦应符合相关要求。 七、阀门包装运输： 　　1、阀门两侧应设轻质堵板固封。 　　2、中、小口径 阀门应以草绳捆扎，并以集装箱方式运输为宜。 　　3、大口径阀门亦有简易木条框架固位包装，以免运输过程中碰损。 八、阀门的出厂说明书： 　　阀门是设备，在出厂说明书中应标明以下相关数据：阀门规格；型号；工作压力；制造标准；阀体材质；阀杆材质；密封材质；阀轴填料材质；阀杆轴套材质；内外防腐材质；操作启动方向；转数；工压状况下启闭力矩；制造厂厂名；出厂日期；出厂编号；重量；连接法兰盘的孔径、孔数、中心孔距；以图示方式标明整体长、宽、高的控制尺寸；阀门流阻系数；有效启闭次数；阀门出厂检测的相关数据及安装、维护的注意事项。

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译文：
Technical requirements for procurement of valves and skills: 1, General Requirements: 1, valve size, and type of pipe should meet the requirements of design documents. 2, the valve should be specified based on the model national standard code requirements. If the enterprise standards, identifying types of instructions. 3, valve working pressure ≥ pipeline working pressure, without affecting the price of the premise, the valve can withstand the working pressure should be greater than the actual pipe work pressure; valve closing conditions should be able to withstand any side 1.1 times the working pressure valve value, without leakage; valve open position, the valve should be able to withstand twice the working pressure valve requirements. 4, valve manufacturing standards, we should explain the basis of the national standard code, if the enterprise standards, procurement contracts should be attached to business documents. Second, the valve material: 1, Valve material: cast iron pipe gradually as not recommended, should be ductile iron main valve body material, and indicate the grade and the actual casting of physical and chemical test data. 2, Stem Material: Stainless steel sought to stem (2CR13), large diameter valves also should be embedded in the package of stainless steel valve stem. 3, nut material: brass or cast aluminum with cast aluminum bronze, and the hardness and strength are greater than the valve stem. 4, stem bushing material: its hardness and strength shall be not greater than the stem, and is immersed in water conditions and valve body is not the formation of electrochemical corrosion. 5, the sealing surface of the material: ① different valve type, sealing method and material requirements vary; ② ordinary wedge gate valve, copper ring materials, fixation methods, polishing should note; ③ soft sealing gate valve, valve board rubber lining materials and health testing of physical and chemical data; ④ valve sealing surface should be marked on the body sealing surface material and butterflies board material; their physical and chemical test data, especially rubber, health requirements, aging resistance, resistance grinding performance; usually NBR and EPDM rubber, mixed with recycled rubber is strictly prohibited. 6, the valve shaft packing: ① As the pipe network in the valves, usually do not open and close frequently, requiring the filling in a few years of inactivity, not aging filler, a long-term effects remain sealed; ② fill valve shaft should also bear the frequent opening and closing, the sealing effect of the good nature; ③ light of the above requirements, fill valve shaft does not seek to change or ten years of life do not change; ④ Packing For replacement, the valve should be designed to have water pressure conditions change measures. Third, variable speed gear box: 1, Box materials and internal and external corrosion requirements be consistent with the body. 2, Box measures should be sealed, box assembly can withstand the 3 m water column after the state of immersion. 3, opening and closing cabinet on the stopper, and the adjustment nut should be in cabinets. 4, transmission structure design is reasonable, open and close valves can only drive shaft rotation, so as not to traverse up and down, bite moderate transmission parts, does not produce open and close with a load when the separation skid. 5 speed transmission box and the valve shaft seals can not be connected without leakage of the whole. 6, cabinets no debris, grease should be part of the protection gear meshing. 4, the valve operating mechanism: 1, the valve operation of opening and closing direction, all should be clockwise closing. 2, due to pipe network in the valve, often manually opening and closing, opening and closing rotation should not be too much, that is, large-diameter valves should be transferred within the 200-600. 3, in order to facilitate the hoisting operation of a person, the plumber, under pressure conditions, the maximum torque should hoist the 240m-m. 4, valves open and close operation should end mortise and tenon, and the size standard, and facing the ground so that people can be directly manipulated from the ground. With a wheel valve does not apply to underground pipe network. 5, Valves open and close the display of the degree plate① valve opening and closing degree of the scale line should be cast in the gearbox cover or change the direction of the display after the disc casing, all for the ground wire brush on the phosphor scale to show striking;② direct drive pin, the material in the case can be better managed stainless steel, or steel plate for the painting, do not use aluminum leather production;③ instruction set pin striking, stable fixation, once the opening and closing After accurate adjustment should be locked rivets. 6, if the valve buried deeper, the operating mechanism and the display plate distance ≥ 15m above the ground when the pole should have added facilities, and fixed-rate stability in order to observe the people and operations from the ground. That is, opening and closing valves in pipe network operation, should not go down operations. 5, valve performance testing: 1, the valve of a standard high-volume manufacturing, the authoritative body should be entrusted to the following performance testing:① valve pressure conditions at the work of opening and closing torque;② pressure in working conditions, to ensure tight valve closure continuous opening and closing times;③ valve in the pipe flow resistance coefficient under conditions of detection. 2, valve at the factory before the following test:① valve in the open position, the valve body should bear the value of two times the working pressure within the pressure test;② valve in the closed position, the sides were valve to withstand 11 times the value of working pressure, no leakage; but metal sealed butterfly valve, leakage is not greater than the value of the relevant requirements. 6, the valve's internal and external corrosion: 1, valve body (including the variable speed transmission box) inside and outside, at first, blasting sand blasting, seek non-toxic powder electrostatic spraying epoxy resin, thickness up to 03mm or more. Large electrostatic spraying non-toxic epoxy resin valve difficulty should brush, spray similar to non-toxic epoxy paint. 2, valve and valve plate within the requirements of various parts of a comprehensive anti-corrosion, on the one hand immersed in water will not rust, does not arise between the two metal electrochemical corrosion; two aspects of smooth surface to reduce drag through the water. 3, valve body paint anti-corrosion epoxy resin or health requirements, should the appropriate authority of the organs of test reports. Chemical physical properties should meet the relevant requirements. 7, valve packing Transportation: 1, the valve should be located on both sides of light blocking plate solid seal. 2, medium and small-caliber valve should be tied to rope, and transported to suitable container. 3, large diameter valves are also simple wooden framework of the retention package, to avoid collision damage during transport. 8, valve factory instructions: Valves are devices shall be marked in the factory manual the following data:Valve specifications; model; pressure; manufacturing standards; body material; stem material; seal material; valve shaft packing material; stem sleeve material; internal and external anti-corrosion material; operation start direction; rpm; work under pressure situation of open and close torque; manufacturing plant name; factory date; serial number; weight; connection flange diameter, hole number, center pitch; in icon form indicate the overall length, width and height of the control size; valve flow resistance coefficient; effective opening and closing times; valve factory testing data and installation, and maintenance considerations.