原文：
平衡阀分手动平衡阀和自力式平衡阀。无论手动平衡阀还是自力式平衡阀，它们的作用都是使供热系统的近端增加阻力，限制实际运行流量不要超过设计流量；换句话说，其作用就是克服供热系统近端的多余资用压头，使电动调节阀或温控阀能在一个许可的资用压头下工作。因此，手动平衡阀和自力式平衡阀，它们都是温控阀或电动调节阀的辅助流量调节装置，但又是非常重要的，如果选型不当，或设计不合理，电动调节阀或温控阀都不能很好工作。 1、手动平衡阀 1.1 手动平衡阀的工作原理 手动平衡阀是一次性手动调节的，不能够自动地随系统工况变化而变化阻力系数，所以称静态平衡阀。手动平衡阀作用的对象是阻力，能够起到手动可调孔板的作用，来平衡管网系统的阻力，达到各个环路的阻力平衡的作用。能够解决系统的稳态失调问题：当运行工况不同于设计工况时，循环水量多于或小于设计工况，由于平衡阀平衡的是系统阻力，能够将新的水量按照设计计算的 比例平衡的分配，使各个支路的流量将同时按比例增减，仍然满足当前负荷下所对应的流量要求 1.2 手动平衡阀的选型与设计中应注意的问题(2) (1)阀门特性曲线决定了阀门的调节性能，如截止阀的流量曲线，如果认为95％～100％之间的流量变化是没有意义的，那么开度从0～5％即实现了流量的全程变化，这样的阀门是不能作为水利工况平衡调节使用的。由于阀门理论特性曲线实在顶压差下测定的，而实际工况只要阀权度不为1则阀门在小开度线阀门前后压差大，大开度是阀前后压差小，导致阀dG/dC值在小开度变大，在大开度时变小，使阀门实际工作曲线向快开方向偏移，阀权度越小其偏移越大，对于直线特性的阀门由于实际性能的偏移会导致阀门的有效调节的得开度空间变小，因此阀门的理论性曲线以下弦弧如等百分比特性为好。等百分比特性曲线阀门，在阀权度0.3～0.5时实际工作曲线可能接近直线特性。 (2)通常阀门在小开度情况下阀门的流速过高，在阀后会形成旺盛紊流的涡旋区，涡旋区和新压力很低，该处压力低于水温对应的饱和压力时水蒸气的闪发挥导致汽水击现象：严重的噪音，阀门及管道的振动，阀门、管道、管支架的破坏。防治这种事故的发生首先在阀们流道设计上考虑阀塞和阀座在小开度时形成狭长的节流通道，约束旺盛紊流涡旋的形成；其次选用阀门时尽量加大阀权度，以避免阀门在小开度下运行。另外，在不牵涉压力工况问题时尽量碱平衡阀安装在水温较低的回水管道上。 2、自力式平衡阀 2.1 自力式平衡阀工作原理 自力式平衡阀则可在没有外接电源的情况下，自动实现系统的流量平衡。自力式平衡阀是通过保持孔板（固定孔径）前后压差一定而实现流量限定的，因此，也可称定流量阀。 定流量阀作用对象是流量，能够锁定流经阀门的水量，而不是针对阻力的平衡。他能够解决系统的动态失调问题：为了保持单台制冷机、锅炉、冷却塔、换热器这些设备的高效率运行，就需要控制这些设备流量固定于额定值；从系统末端来看，为了避免动态调节的相互影响，也需要在末端装置或分支处限制流量。 在设计中应注意的问题 自力式流量控制阀的缺点是在于阀门有最小工作差的要求，一般产品要求最小工作压差20KPa，如果安装在最不利回路上，势必要求循环水泵多增加2米水柱的工作扬程，所以应采取近端安装，远端不安的方法。用户离热源距离大于供热半径的80％时就不要安装这种自力式流量控制阀。

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译文：
Manual balancing valves and sub-balancing valve Self-balancing valve. Balancing valve, whether manual or Self-balancing valve, their role is to increase the resistance of the heating system proximal to restrict the flow of the actual operation should not exceed the design flow; in other words, its role is to overcome the heating system with the proximal extra information pressure head, so that electric control valve or thermostatic valve can be used in an information license to work under pressure head. Therefore, the manual balance valves and Self-balancing valve, they are temperature control valve or electric auxiliary control valve flow control device, but it is very important, if the selection properly, or the unreasonable design, electric control valve or the temperature valve can not work very well. 1, manual balancing valve 1.1 manual balancing valve works Manual balancing valve is a one-time manual adjustment can not automatically change with the system conditions change drag coefficient, so that the static balance valve. The role of manual balancing valve target resistance, can play the role of manually adjustable orifice, to balance the pipeline system's resistance to the resistance of each loop balancing effect. Can solve the steady-state imbalance problem: When the operating conditions different from the design condition, the cycle of water more or less than the design condition, due to balance valve is a balanced system of resistance to the new design calculation according to the proportion of water balanced distribution of the slip road to the traffic will also increase or decrease in proportion to still meet current load requirements under the corresponding traffic 1.2 Selection and design of manual balancing valve should pay attention to the problem (2) (1) curves determines the valve regulating valve performance, such as the cut-off valve of the flow curve, if that 95% ~ {bfb} of the traffic change is meaningless, then opening from 0 to 5% of the realized change the whole flow, this valve can not be adjusted as the balance of water use conditions. As the valve characteristic curve theory is the top pressure was measured, while the actual working conditions as long as the valve is not a right degree of valve opening line in small pressure valve before and after the big, big pressure difference before and after the valve opening is small, cause valve dG / dC value larger in the small opening, large opening in the time-varying small, so that the actual valve opening direction of the working curve shift to the faster, the smaller the valve the right to offset the greater degree, the characteristics of the valve line As the actual performance of the offset gate will lead to effective regulation valve opening space was smaller, so the theoretical curve of the valve, such as the following chord-arc features such as a good percentage. Equal percentage valve characteristic curve, in the right valve 0.3 ~ 0.5 degree curve when the actual work could be close to linear features. (2) is usually the valve in the small opening under high flow valve, the valve will be formed in the strong turbulence of the vortex area, scroll areas and the new low pressure, where pressure is lower than the saturation temperature corresponding water vapor pressure to play a leading soft drinks hammer flash: serious noise, vibration of the valve and pipe, valves, pipe, tube damage. Prevention of such incidents occurred first in the design flow valve plug and seat valve considering the small opening of the throttle when the formation of narrow channels, constrained formation of strong vortex turbulence; second choice as far as possible to increase valve when the valve the right degree, in order to avoid opening the valve in the small run. In addition, the pressure conditions that do not have problems balancing valve installed base as low temperature return water pipes. 2 Self-balancing valve 2.1 Self-balancing valve works Self-balancing valve without external power supply may be the case, the system automatically flow balance. Self-balancing valve orifice by maintaining (fixed aperture) must be achieved before and after the pressure flow limit, and therefore can be said flow valve. Given the role of targeted traffic flow valve, can lock water flow through the valve, rather than the balance of resistance. He can solve the dynamic imbalance problem: In order to maintain a single chiller, boilers, cooling towers, heat exchangers, high efficiency operation of these devices, you need to control the flow of these devices fixed on the rating; from the system end of the term, in order to avoid dynamic regulation of interaction, also need to branch office at the end device or restrict traffic. In the design of Attention Self-operated flow control valve is the valve has the disadvantage of poor minimum work requirements, the general minimum working pressure product requirements 20KPa, if installed in the most disadvantaged back on the road, will require that the circulating pump to increase more than 2 m water column of the work head, it should be proximal to the installation, remote disturbing way. User distance from the heat source radius of more than 80% of heat, do not install such a self-operated flow control valve.