译文：
计算机数据采集的低温阀门测试装置： 　　介绍一种基于计算机数据采集的低温阀门性能测试装置,该装置具有对试验数据集中储存、显示和打印功能,并可实现对液氮罐自增压系统的自动控制,可提高试验的工作效率、操作及时性、准确性和安全性。指出将计算机技术和光电技术等应用于试验装置上是今后的发展方向。 1、概述 随着低温技术的发展,低温流体得到越来越广泛的应用,例如液氮被广泛地应用于工业生产、科研领域、医疗卫生等,液氮和液氧作为火箭推进剂在国防领域表现出显著优点。另外,近几年来,随着能源紧缺,液化天然气也成为主要能源之一。在使用低温液体的各个环节,低温阀门是不可或缺的管路附件。然而,由于该类阀门多工作在-100℃以下的超低温温区,因此对其结构设计、材料选择、制造过程及检验试验等均提出了专门的要求。尤其是在低温阀门产品检验中,除应满足常温下相同于通用阀门的各种性能检验要求外,还要进行低温条件下的性能测试检验。低温试验的主要任务是检测阀门在低温中的气密性和启闭性能等。因此测试装置十分重要,装置性能的先进性决定了测试结果的准确性和可靠性。为此研发了一种新型低温阀门综合性测试装置,功能包含低温试验和深冷处理两个方面,其中温度信号、压力信号以及阀门泄漏量等通过利用计算机数据采集系统实现自动化测量。该装置具有对试验数据集中储存、显示和打印功能。本文着重论述该装置在阀门阀座密封性方面低温试验的内容。 2、低温试验装置现状 国内外涉及低温阀门的生产厂商和科研机构对低温阀门的低温性能测试十分重视,积极地开展了这方面的研发工作。由于采用的制冷与低温方式不同,在试验装置的布置上存在较大的差异。现经常采用的有浸渍法和保冷法两种方式。浸渍法(即外部冷却法)是将阀门直接放到装有液氮的保冷箱中冷却,当阀门温度骤冷至工作温度后再用氦气进行密封性能试验。保冷法(即内部冷却法)是将阀门安装在保冷箱中,通入低温介质进入阀门内部降温,当温度降到规定值时,将低温介质放掉,然后通入规定压力的氦气进行试验。另外还有喷淋法,是将阀门安装在保冷箱中,使用喷淋头向保冷箱中喷入液氮,当保冷箱中温度达到试验温度时,停止喷液氮,然后按规定压力通入氮气进行试验。但喷淋法不适用超低温阀门。国内外常用的低温试验装置有如下几种。 　　2.1、日本阀门行业用低温阀门试验装置 日本阀门行业用低温阀门试验装置(图1)使用了浸渍法和保冷法两种方式。浸渍法低温试验装置适用于闸阀、截止阀和止回阀。保冷法低温试验装置适用于各类阀门。低温阀阀座密封试验压力 2.2、欧美阀门行业用低温阀门试验装置 欧美阀门行业多采用英国制定的阀门标准BS6364:1984(R1998)《低温阀门》,适用于闸阀、截止阀、止回阀、球阀和蝶阀,温度范围-196～-50℃,其低温试验方法属于浸渍法(图2)。低温试验压力为被测阀门的额定密封试验压力。低温试验容许泄漏率见表3。泄漏量的检测方法在图中显示为酒精计泡器和流量计。 3.3、测试方法 (1)温度 试验温度测量涉及室温至液氮温度区范围,采用热电偶温度计测量,温度电信号通过数字多用表测量、采集并输入测控计算机,在计算机界面上显示,并由计算机自动完成记录和保存。与此同时,计算机将温度测量值输送到仪表面板上的温度显示仪进行现场显示。 (2)压力 试验压力测量范围为0～10MPa。采用指针式精密压力表和数字式压力表在仪表面板上对系统压力进行现场显示,同时,采用压力变送器测量系统压力,并转换为电压信号,经数字多用表测量、采集并输入测控计算机,在计算机界面上显示,并由计算机自动完成记录和保存。 (3)液位 为了确保液氮液面高度满足阀门测试的要求,采用差压式压力变送器测量液位高度。测量电信号通过数字多用表测量、采集并输入到计算机进行显示,并提醒加注液氮和停止液氮加注操作。 (4)流量 根据阀门密封形式的不同,阀门的允许泄漏量是不同的。软密封结构的阀门,其泄漏量应该为零。而对于硬密封的阀门,本身是允许有一定泄漏量的。基于上述情况,配备两种测量流量的装置,其一是小流量的流量计,用来测量允许具有一定泄漏量的硬密封阀门或者软密封阀门在相对不正常工作状态下时的泄漏情况。 对于微小泄漏量,由于一般的流量计已经无法检测到,需通过观察并计数开口端在水中泄漏气泡数的形式进行测量。利用计算机数据采集系统记录电脉冲的数目,实现自动计数。 4、结语 基于计算机数据采集系统的低温阀门性能测试装置,可以把热电偶、压力传感器、液位传感器和流量计的各路信号,经前置处理后输入到计算机中,通过数据采集软件进行数据显示、存储和打印,还可根据相关参数的设置来控制液氮罐的自增压系统对低温试验槽进行加注液氮。该测试系统采用集中式数据监控,既实现了通过计算机发出指令进行自动操作,提高工作效率、操作的及时性、准确性及安全性,又便于数据的统一保存和管理。

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原文：
Computer data acquisition at low temperature valve test devices: Introduction of a computer-based data collection at low temperature valve performance testing device, the device has the test data, centralized storage, display and print functions, and can achieve self-pressurization system on the liquid nitrogen tank automatic control can improve the efficiency of the test , operation time, accuracy and safety. Pointed out that the computer technology and test equipment used optical technology is the future direction of development. 1 Overview With the development of low technology, low-temperature fluids are more widely used, such as liquid nitrogen is widely used in industrial production, scientific research fields, and medical care, liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen as rocket propellants in the defense area show significant advantages. In addition, in recent years, with the energy shortage, liquefied natural gas has become the main energy sources. In all aspects of using low-temperature liquid, low temperature valve is essential pipeline accessories. However, such valves and more work in less than -100 ℃ Low Wen Wen District, so its structural design, material selection, manufacturing processes and inspection and test all put forward specific requirements. Especially in low-temperature valve product testing, in addition to room temperature should meet the same performance in a variety of general testing requirements for valves, but also the performance of low-temperature tests under the conditions of testing. The main task of low temperature test is to test the temperature of the gas-tight valve and opening and closing capabilities. Therefore important to test devices, the device determines the performance of the advanced nature of the accuracy and reliability of test results. To this end developed a kind of new low-temperature valve integrated test device, features include low temperature and cryogenic test dealing with two aspects, among which temperature Xin Hao, pressure signal, and valve leakage and other data through the use of Ji Suanji Caijijitong achieve automated measurement. The device has a focus on the test data storage, display and print functions. This article focuses on the device side in the valve seat sealing the contents of low-temperature test. 2, low temperature test devices on Domestic and foreign companies involved in the production of low-temperature valve and research institutions on the low temperature performance test valve attaches great importance to and actively carry out research and development in this area. As a result of cooling and low temperature in different ways, in the arrangement of test equipment there are great differences. Are often used and kept cold with dipping method in two ways. Impregnation (ie external cooling method) is equipped with a valve directly into liquid nitrogen cooling the Cooling box, when the valve temperature to operating temperature before quenching with helium seal performance test. Cold preservation method (ie the internal cooling method) is to protect the valve installed in the cold box, which leads to low temperature within the cooling medium into the valve, when the temperature dropped to the specified value, it will let go of low-temperature medium, and then pass into the provisions of the pressure of the helium trial. There are also spray method is to protect the valve installed in the cold box, use the spray head to ensure sprayed into liquid nitrogen cold box, cold box temperature when Paul reached test temperature, stop the spraying of liquid nitrogen, and then pass the required pressure nitrogen into the trial. But the spray is not appropriate for ultra-low temperature valves. Low-temperature test equipment used at home and abroad There are several. 2.1, the Japanese valve industry valve with a low temperature test device Japan's low temperature valve industry valve test device (Figure 1) uses the impregnation and cold preservation method in two ways. Impregnation test device suitable for low temperature valve, globe valve and check valve. Cold preservation method at low temperature device for all types of valves. Low pressure valve seat sealing test 2.2, European and American valve industry valve with a low temperature test device Europe and the United States over the valve industry valve standards established by the British BS6364: 1984 (R1998) "low-temperature valve" for gate valve, globe valve, check valve, ball valve and butterfly valve, temperature range -196 ~ -50 ℃ , the low temperature test methods are impregnation (Figure 2). Test pressure is measured at low temperature valve sealing test pressure rated. Leak rate at low temperature allowed Table 3. Leakage detection method shown in the diagram for the device and flow meter alcohol meter bubble. 3.3, test methods (1) temperature Test involves measuring the temperature from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature zone, measured by thermocouples, temperature signal measured by digital multimeter, collect and input monitoring and control computer, the computer interface on the display by the computer automatically recorded and saved. At the same time, the computer will be transmitted to the instrument temperature measurements of the temperature display instrument panel display on site. (2) pressure Test pressure measurement range of 0 ~ 10MPa. Analog and digital precision pressure gauge with pressure gauge in the instrument panel display system pressure field, while the pressure measurement system with pressure transducer, and converted to voltage signal measured by the DMM, collect and input monitoring and control computer the computer interface shown by the computer automatically recorded and saved. (3) level In order to ensure a high degree of liquid nitrogen to meet the requirements of valve testing, differential pressure transmitter with high level control. Measurement signals measured by digital multimeter, collected and entered into the computer display, and remind stop filling liquid nitrogen and liquid nitrogen filling operation. (4) flow According to the different forms of valve seal, valve allows leakage is different. Soft sealing valve structure, the leakage should be zero. As for the seal of the valve itself is allowed to have some leakage. Based on the above, with two measurement flow device, first, a small flow meter, to measure leakage To allow Yi Ding hard Mifeng valve seal valve Huozhe Ruan Xiang Dui Bu in normal working condition operates under the leak . For the small amount of leakage, due to the general flow meter has not detected, need to open end by observing and counting the number of bubbles in the water leakage in the form of measurement. Using computer data acquisition system records the number of electrical pulses, to achieve automatic counting. 4 Conclusion Computer data acquisition system based on low-temperature valve performance testing device can be thermocouples, pressure sensors, liquid level sensors and flow meter signals from various quarters, after pre-processing and input into the computer by data acquisition software for data , storage and printing, but also according to the setting parameters to control the liquid nitrogen tank from the tank pressurization system for filling liquid nitrogen at low temperature. The test system uses a centralized data monitoring, realized the instructions issued by computer automation, improve efficiency, timeliness of operation, accuracy and security, unified and easy to store and manage data.