译文：
阀门的密封性能是考核阀门质量优劣的主要指标之一。阀门的密封性能主要包括两个方面，即内漏和外漏。内漏是指阀座与关闭件之间对介质达到的密封程度，考核内漏的标准我国有两个。一个是国家技术监督局1992年12月发布，1993年6月1日开始实施的国家标准GB/T13927-1992《通用阀门 压力试验》。这个标准是参照采用国际标准ISO5208-1982《工业用阀门 阀门的压力试验》制订的；另一个是原机械工业部发布的JB/T9092-1999《阀门的试验与检验》，这个标准是参照API598-1986《阀门的检查和试验》制订的。GB/T13927-1992适用于一般工业用阀门的检验；JB/T9092-1999适用于石油工业用阀门的检验。外漏是指阀杆填料部位的泄漏、中法兰垫片部位的泄漏及阀体因铸件缺陷造成的渗漏，外漏是根本不允许的。如果介质不允许排入大气，则外漏的密封比内漏的密封更为重要。因此，阀门的密封性能应引起生产厂家的重视。 影响阀门密封性能的因素主要有： ①密封面质量；②密封面宽度；③阀前和阀后的压力差；④密封面材料及其处理状态；⑤介质性质；⑥表面亲水性；⑦密封油膜的存在；⑧关闭件的刚性和结构特点。 ⑴ 密封面质量对阀门密封性能的影响 阀门的密封面是指阀座与关闭件互相接触而进行关闭的部分。当密封面上的比压在40MPa以下时，密封面的质量对阀门密封性能起决定性作用。这是因为：当密封面上的比压小、表面粗糙度低时，泄漏量迅速增加。当密封面上的比压大时，表面粗糙度对泄漏量影响显著减小。 ⑵ 密封面宽度对阀门密封性能的影响 密封面的宽度决定毛细孔的长度。当宽度加大时，流体沿毛细孔的运动行程加长，运动阻力增加。加大密封面宽度可以减小高压阀中的侵蚀磨损。密封面宽度加大后，会引起泄漏行程长度成正比地加大，因而能够按比例地减少泄漏量。但密封面宽度增加，在同样的密封力下，密封比压减小，又会使泄漏的可能性增加。因此，不能无限的增加密封面宽度。 ⑶ 阀前和阀后的压力差对阀门密封性能的影响 从理论上分析，阀前、阀后压力差和泄漏量既成正比关系。但试验证明：在其他条件相同的情况下，泄漏量的增长是超过压力差的增长的。泄漏量与压力差之间的关系可以近似的以下式表示： G=M（N△P2+S△P） 式中：M，N，S——常数系数，这些系数取决于材料、密封表面的加工质量、密封面上的比压和其他条件； △P——压差。 ⑷ 密封面材料及其处理状态对阀门密封性能的影响 密封面材料及其处理状态对阀门泄漏量有很大影响。由于密封面间的剩余间隙的大小取决于密封表面微观不平度，所以，如果使用钢制材料的密封圈，造成相同的密封程度，就必须有较大的比压，其值必然超过用黄铜制的密封圈的比压值。 与密封有关的表面处理状态，诸如波峰的变形、尺寸和密封间隙的改变以及其他现象都发生在金属表层上，很明显，表层的性能与基体材料性能有明显区别。由加工引起的变化可以影响表层厚度50μm。研磨时，基体金属不露出。工作表层组织不同于金属基体组织。 材料性能与几何形状及微观几何形状相比影响不大。金属性能的差异，通常小于其他因素的影响。密封面在低压条件下工作时，这种情况更为突出。当比压高于40MPa时，表面粗糙度对密封性能的影响就减小，而材料的影响便增加。 ⑸ 介质性质对阀门密封性能的影响 液体介质对泄漏量的影响基本上由黏度确定在同一个密封阀中，各种条件相同的情况下，黏度大的介质比黏度小的介质渗漏要小得多。气体介质和液体介质相比差别更为明显（饱和蒸汽除外，饱和蒸汽容易保证密封面）。 ⑹ 表面亲水性对阀门密封性能的影响 表面亲水性影响泄漏量是因为毛细孔特性的作用。当密封表面上只要有一层很薄的油膜，就需加大通过间隙的水的压力。由于金属表面具有良好的亲水性，煤油能很容易的渗透铸件和密封连接的间隙。所以，在一些最关键性的场合，是采用煤油进行密封性液压试验的。采用腔体内灌煤油的方法进行密封性试验，大约相当于0.3~0.4MPa压力下的水压密封性试验。 ⑺ 密封油膜的存在对阀门密封性能的影响 密封表面间存在密封油膜对其密封性有显著影响。当表面上有密封油膜时，破坏了接触表面间的亲水性，这样就需要较大的压力差，才能使介质通过毛细孔。另外，表面上有稠密封油膜能堵塞介质的通道行程，提高连接的密封性。在采用油膜密封时应注意：当工作过程中油膜减少时，应能恢复油膜的厚度。阀门中采用的油脂不允许溶于介质之中，也不应该蒸发、硬化或有其他的化学变化。 ⑻ 关闭件的刚性和结构特点对阀门密封性能的影响 关闭件的刚性和结构的影响是由于零件的弹性作用。由于闭路阀的关闭件不是{jd1}刚性，而是具有一定弹性的，在与介质有关的压力作用下，尺寸是变化的，这也引起密封面力的相互作用的变化。为补偿这些变化对关闭件密封性能的影响，{zh0}是使密封面具有较小的刚性，即弹性变形尽可能大些。 希望阀门生产企业重视影响阀门密封性能的因素，将阀门密封性能引起的泄漏减至最小，杜绝阀门的内漏和外漏。

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原文：
Valve valve sealing performance is assessing the merits of the key indicators of quality. Valve sealing performance includes two aspects, namely, leakage and leakage inside. Internal leakage is between the valve seat and shut down parts of the media to achieve the sealing, leakage assessment criteria within the country there are two. One is the Bureau of Technical Supervision issued in December 1992, June 1, 1993 implemented the national standard GB/T13927-1992 "universal valve pressure test." This standard is a reference to international standard ISO5208-1982 "Industrial valves pressure test" developed; the other is issued by the Ministry of Machinery Industry JB/T9092-1999 "valve testing and inspection", the standard is reference API598-1986 "valve inspection and test" set. GB/T13927-1992 valves for general industrial inspection; JB/T9092-1999 industrial valves for the oil inspection. Stem packing leakage is part of the leak, the leaking flange gasket and the body parts of the casting defects caused due to leakage, leakage is not allowed. If the media are not allowed into the atmosphere, the leakage of the seal than the seal within the drain even more important. Therefore, the valve sealing performance should lead to the manufacturer's attention. Factors affecting the valve sealing performance are: ① sealing surface quality; ② the width of the sealing surface; ③ valve before and after the valve pressure gradient; ④ sealing surface materials and their processing status; ⑤ media properties; ⑥ surface hydrophilic; ⑦ the existence of sealed film; ⑧ shut down parts of the rigid and structural characteristics. ⑴ the quality of the sealing surface on the valve sealing performance Valve sealing surface is the valve seat and close contact with each other to close the piece part. When the sealing surface of less than the pressure at 40MPa, the sealing surface of valve sealing performance of quality play a decisive role. This is because: when the sealing surface pressure smaller than the surface roughness is low, the leakage increased rapidly. When the sealing surface pressure is large compared with the surface roughness on the leakage has been significantly reduced. ⑵ valve seal sealing surface width on the performance of The width of the sealing surface pores of the Length of the decision. When the width increase, the fluid movement along the pores of the trip longer, increasing the resistance movement. Increase the width of the sealing surface can reduce erosion wear in high-pressure valve. Increase the width of the sealing surface, will cause leakage is proportional to increase the stroke length, which can be proportionally reduced leakage. However, the width of the sealing surface increases under the same seal strength, seal than the pressure decreases, it will increase the likelihood of leakage. Therefore, the increase can not be unlimited sealing surface width. ⑶ valve before and after the valve pressure difference on the valve sealing performance From the theoretical analysis, valve before the valve pressure difference and the leakage is proportional to both. But the test proved that: the same conditions in other cases, the leakage rate of growth is the pressure difference over the growth. Leakage and pressure difference relationship can be expressed similar to the following: G = M (N △ P2 + S △ P) The formula: M, N, S - constant coefficients that depend on material, processing quality sealed surface, sealing surface pressure and other conditions than that; △ P - Pressure. ⑷ sealing surface material and treatment status on the performance of the valve seal Sealing surface materials and their processing status of the valve leakage greatly. As the remaining gap between the sealing surface depends on the surface of micro-roughness sealed, so if you use steel materials, seals, resulting in the same sealed, there must be greater than the pressure, its value must exceed brass ring system than the pressure value. And seal the surface state, such as the peak of deformation, changes in size and seal gap, and other phenomena occurring on the metal surface, it is clear that the performance of surface and substrate material properties are apparently different. Changes caused by the processing of the surface can affect the thickness of 50μm. Grinding, the base metal is not exposed. Work is different from the metal surface tissue matrix. Material properties and geometric shape and micro-geometry compared to little effect. Differences in the performance of metal, usually smaller than other factors. Sealing surface low-pressure conditions in the work, this is more prominent. When the ratio of pressure higher than 40MPa, the surface roughness of the sealing performance of the reduced impact of the material will increase. ⑸ media properties on the performance of the valve seal Leakage of liquid medium on the viscosity to determine the impact of basically the same valve in a sealed, all under the same conditions, the medium viscosity smaller than the viscosity of the medium leakage is much smaller. Gases and liquids more pronounced than differences (except for saturated steam, saturated steam is easy to ensure the sealing surface). ⑹ surface hydrophilic properties of the valve seal Leakage to the surface hydrophilic properties because of the role of pores. When the sealing surface as long as there is a layer of thin film, on the need to increase the pressure of the water through the gap. As the metal surface with good hydrophilicity, kerosene can easily penetrate casting and sealing the gap. Therefore, in some of the most critical situations, is used for sealing hydraulic test kerosene. Filling the cavities of the method of kerosene tightness test, roughly equivalent to 0.3 ~ 0.4MPa pressure hydraulic sealing tests. ⑺ the presence of oil film seal valve sealing performance Exists between the sealing surfaces sealing film have a significant effect on its seal. When the surface film are sealed, the destruction of the contact between the hydrophilic surface, thus requiring a larger pressure difference, can the media through the pores. In addition, the surface film can be sealed with dense block media access schedule, increase the connection seal. Sealed in the use of film should pay attention to: When the film during the reduction of working time, should be able to resume oil film thickness. Valves used in oil soluble media are not allowed into, and should not be evaporation, hardening or other chemical changes. ⑻ closed parts of the rigidity and structural characteristics of the valve sealing performance Closed parts of the rigidity and structure is due to the elasticity of parts. Since the closure parts closed valve is not absolutely rigid, but has some flexibility, with the pressure medium, the size change, which also caused the sealing surface interaction force changes. To compensate for the closure of parts of these changes on the impact of sealing performance, it is better to have less rigid sealing surface, that is more elastic deformation as large as possible. Hope that the valve manufacturer attention to the factors that affect the performance of the valve seal will cause the valve seal leakage performance to minimize leakage and to prevent leakage within the valve.