译文：

喷射泵是被广泛应用于输送，压缩混合气体和蒸汽、液体和固体的设备，气体或液体常被作为动力介质。喷射泵用于产生真空是另一个非常重要的应用。 一、喷射泵的主要工作原理：　　喷射泵的主要原理是动力喷嘴以高速喷射出的液体或气体带动和加速周围的液体、气体或固体。这一运动导致驱动和被带动物质的混合。喷射的速度在扩散处减小而压力则增大。不同于传统的泵，喷射泵在工作时没有运动部件。　　喷射泵可由各种各样的材料制成，例如铸铁、钢、不锈钢、哈氏合金、钛、搪瓷、玻璃、塑料和石墨，并可制成各种尺寸。抽吸量从1～2000000m3/h，抽吸压力至10-2mbar时，尺寸可从几厘米到30多米。 二、喷射泵在产生真空方面的应用： 1、因为喷射泵的多样性，其已被广泛应用于各个领域，例如，化学反应器、排气系统、水处理设备、混合槽、储存槽、废水处理设备、加热系统、加热供气系统、电厂、游泳池、鲑厂的供水等。以及不同工业领域中真空的形成。 2、用水蒸汽作为动力介质的喷射泵形成真空是一个重要应用领域。其输送的高速喷射相当于声速的几倍，因此喷射泵也能够轻而易举地在真空中处理大容量的物质。 3、因为单级喷射泵只能克服极其有限的压缩比，当抽吸压力低时，几个喷射泵必须串联安装。多级水蒸汽喷射真空泵的抽吸压力可以达到低至0.01mbar。为了冷凝大部分的动力水蒸汽并使下一级的抽吸量减少到最小，一般在两个喷射泵中间安置一个冷凝器。根据应用场合，采用直接接触冷凝器或表面冷凝器。 4、在喷射泵中主要以水蒸汽作为动力介质。在绝大部分工业中，水蒸汽作为基本的能量被大量地生产，因此非常容易获得。在动力水蒸汽的冷凝过程中，或多或少会产生废水。虽然量很小，而且即使把废水的排放费用考虑进去，水蒸汽喷射泵仍是最经济的真空泵，但对真空喷射泵来说总是有一定的负面影响。　 5、因此作为一种选择，产品蒸汽被愈来愈多地应用于喷射泵的操作。例如，溶剂蒸汽、氯苯、甲苯、丁二醇、乙烯、乙二醇、呋喃。　 6、在这种情况下，动力蒸汽冷凝后再次蒸发被利用作为动力介质。由于有机蒸汽的蒸发温度低，在大多数情况下，这种操作方式比采用水蒸汽运行更有利于节省能源。　 7、采用产品蒸汽作为动力介质的喷射泵的另一重要操作范围是在工艺物料中不允许混入水。为了获得{zj0}的效率，采用产品蒸汽作为动力介质的喷射泵仍需详细的研究。　 8、喷射泵的优点：就结构和功能而言，这种喷射泵同采用水蒸汽作为动力介质的真空喷射泵并无大的差别，而且有着相同的优点：结构简单；操作安全可靠，无需保养；使用寿命长，耐磨损；适当选材可具耐腐蚀性；所有材料均可制造。另外，由于冷凝液循环使用，无排放污染。 　 三、喷射真空泵应用于各种工业领域，如下是几个重要的应用领域。 1、在化工方面GEA喷射泵公司已经开发了组合泵，并已普遍应用。这种泵的显着特点是外形紧凑及双设计构造。两个平行的泵既能相互独立交替操作，也能同时操作，因此就可能在不停车的情况下进行维修。 2、在化学工业中，如果不锈钢不能满足耐腐要求，可使用陶瓷/石墨的真空喷射泵来脱除腐蚀性气体和水蒸汽。喷射泵用陶瓷制成，表面冷凝器由石墨制成。表面冷凝器由一紧凑的冷凝器组合而成。这种结构有着尺寸小，所需空间少及现场组装简单的优点。 3、在炼油厂，水蒸汽真空喷射泵同液环泵组合用于炼油厂的减压精馏塔系统。这两种泵的组合保持很低的蒸汽、水和电的消耗。由于能输送所产生的大量气体（在104～106m3/h范围内），GEA喷射泵公司的水蒸汽真空喷射泵对此用途是非常合适的。同时，运行安全可靠，并不易发生故障。 4、同样，涉及大体积流的情况是在炼钢脱气的真空产生中。为了生产一定品质的钢，一些生钢的处理过程需在真空下进行。这种真空泵必须有两个作用。一是迅速抽空操作容器，以达到所需的压力。这意味着真空喷射泵的初始揣吸量必须很大（几千kg/h）。二是保持低压的同时脱除大量惰性气体（大约相当于0.6mbar下，几百kg/h）。 5、另外，真空喷射泵还用以可食用油脱臭、化学合成物的聚合物的生产、海水脱盐、油脱水、食品、饮料和烟草的调理、纺纱浴的抽吸及其它许多应用领域。

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原文：

Jet pump is widely used in transportation, compressed gas and vapor, liquid and solid equipment, gas or liquid is often a dynamic medium. Jet pump for generating vacuum is another very important application. First, the main jet pump works: The main principle of jet pump nozzle is the driving force to high-speed jet of liquid or gas driven out and accelerate the surrounding liquid, gas or solid. This movement led to drive and be driven the hybrid material. Jet speed decreases in the proliferation of office pressures increase. Unlike conventional pumps, jet pump without moving parts at work. Jet pumps can be made of various materials, such as cast iron, steel, stainless steel, Hastelloy, titanium, ceramic, glass, plastic and graphite, a variety of sizes and can be made. Suction increased from 1 ~ 2000000m3 / h, suction pressure to the 10-2mbar, the size can be from a few centimeters to more than 30 meters. 2, jet pump creates a vacuum in the application: 1, because of the diversity of jet pump, it has been widely used in various fields, such as chemical reactors, exhaust systems, water treatment equipment, mixing tanks, storage tanks, waste water treatment equipment, heating systems, heating supply system, power plant, swimming pool, salmon plant water supply. And various industrial vacuum formation. 2, water vapor as a dynamic medium, the formation of a vacuum jet pump is an important field. The delivery of high-speed jet is equivalent to several times the speed of sound, so jet pump can easily handle large capacity in a vacuum and the material. 3, because only a single-stage jet pump to overcome the very limited compression ratio, when the suction pressure is low, the number of jet pumps to be installed in series. Multi-stage steam jet vacuum pump pressure can reach down to 0.01mbar. Most of the driving force for condensation of water vapor and to the next level of aspiration reduced to a minimum, usually placed in the middle of the two jet pumps a condenser. Based on applications, by direct contact or surface condenser condenser. 4, the jet pump to water vapor as the main driving force media. In most industries, the water vapor as the basic energy is produced in large numbers, so it is easier to obtain. Dynamic condensation of water vapor in the process, more or less wastewater. Although very small, and even to take into account the cost of waste water, water vapor jet pump is still the most economical vacuum, but vacuum jet pump is always a certain degree of negative impact. 5, so as an option, products are increasingly used in the steam jet pump operation. For example, the solvent vapor, chlorobenzene, toluene, butanediol, ethylene, ethylene glycol, furan. 6, in this case, the power of steam condensation evaporate again be used as a dynamic medium. As the organic vapor evaporating temperature is low, in most cases, this mode of operation than the use of steam to run more conducive to saving energy. 7, using products as a dynamic medium steam jet pump operating range is another important material in the process does not allow mixing of the water. For best efficiency, use of steam as the motive medium product injection pump still requires more detailed study. 8, jet pump advantages: on the structure and function, the use of such a jet pump with water vapor as the medium of the vacuum jet pump power is not a big difference, and have the same advantages: simple structure; operation safe and reliable, no maintenance ; long service life, resistance to wear; appropriate selection can be a corrosion resistance; all materials can be manufactured. In addition, because the condensate recycling, pollution-free emissions. 3, jet pump used in various industrial fields, as are several important applications. 1, GEA Jet Pumps in the chemical industry has developed a combination of pumps, and has been widely used. Distinctive feature of this pump is compact and dual-design construction. Two parallel pumps operate alternately both independent of each other, but also simultaneously, it may not stop in case of repairs. 2, in the chemical industry, if the corrosion of stainless steel can not meet the requirements, you can use ceramic / graphite vacuum jet pump to corrosive gases and water vapor removal. Jet pump is made of ceramic, surface condensers made of graphite. Surface condenser by a combination of a compact condenser. This structure has a small, small space requirements and the advantages of easy assembly on site. 3, in the refinery, steam jet vacuum pump with liquid ring vacuum pump combination for refinery distillation column system. Combination of the two pumps to maintain a very low steam, water and electricity consumption. As can transport large quantities of gases produced (in the 104 ~ 106m3 / h range), GEA steam jet vacuum pump's injection pump is very suitable to this purpose. At the same time, safe and reliable operation, do not easily break down. 4, the same, involving a large volume flow is generated in the vacuum degassing in steel making. In order to produce a certain quality of steel, some students required the processing of steel under vacuum. Such pumps must have two effects. First, taking the time to operate the container quickly to achieve the required pressure. This means that the initial hides vacuum suction jet pump capacity must be large (several thousand kg / h). Second, while maintaining low removal of large amount of inert gas (roughly equivalent to 0.6mbar, the several hundred kg / h). 5 In addition, the vacuum jet pump has to be edible oil deodorizing, chemical composition of polymer production, water desalination, oil dehydration, food, beverages and tobacco conditioning, spinning bath of the suction and many other applications.

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