涓栫晫閾惰銆佸浗闄呰揣甯佸熀閲戠粍缁囦笌鍏宠锤鎬诲崗瀹氫笁澶у浗闄呯粍缁囩殑寤虹珛鏈夊姪浜庣敓浜у拰璧勬湰鐨勫浗闄呭寲锛屼负鎴樺悗璺ㄥ浗鍏徃鐨勮繀閫熷彂灞曢摵骞充簡閬撹矾銆?span lang="EN-US">
鍦ㄦ嬁鐮翠粦鎴樹簤缁撴潫鍚?span lang="EN-US">, 鑻卞浗鎺屾彙浜嗗叏涓栫晫璐㈠瘜鐨?span lang="EN-US">30% 宸﹀彸銆傝€屼粖澶╋紙浜屾垬缁撴潫鍚庯級, 缇庡浗鍒欐帉鎻′簡澶х害50%銆?mdash;—鑻卞浜ゅぇ鑷ｈ礉鏂?span lang="EN-US">
缇庡浗鍦ㄦ垬鍚庣殑骞翠唬缁欎簡寰堝鍥藉浠ユ彺鍔?span lang="EN-US">, 杩欎簺鎺柦涓嶄粎鍑轰簬浜洪亾涓讳箟鐨勮€冭檻, 鑰屼笖鍦ㄥ緢澶х▼搴︿笂涔熸槸缇庡浗鑷繁鐢熷瓨鐨勯棶棰樸€?mdash;—浼嶅痉·鑹惧閫?span lang="EN-US">
涓€銆佹垬鍚庨噾铻嶄笌璐告槗绉╁簭鐨勫缓绔?span lang="EN-US">
浠?span lang="EN-US">1941骞?span lang="EN-US">3鏈?span lang="EN-US">11鏃ュ埌1945骞?span lang="EN-US">12鏈?span lang="EN-US">1鏃ワ紝缇庡浗鏍规嵁“绉熷€熸硶妗?rdquo;鍚戠洘鍥芥彁渚涗簡浠峰€?span lang="EN-US">500澶氫嚎缇庡厓鐨勮揣鐗╁拰鍔冲姟锛岄粍閲戞簮婧愪笉鏂祦鍏ョ編鍥姐€傜編鍥界殑榛勯噾鍌ㄥ澧炲姞鍒?span lang="EN-US">1945骞寸殑200.8浜跨編鍏冿紝绾﹀崰涓栫晫榛勯噾鍌ㄥ鐨?span lang="EN-US">59%銆傜編鍏冪殑鍥介檯鍦颁綅鍥犲叾鍥介檯榛勯噾鍌ㄥ鐨勫法澶у疄鍔涜€岀┖鍓嶇ǔ鍥猴紝杩欏氨浣垮缓绔嬩竴涓互缇庡厓涓烘敮鏌辩殑鏈夊埄浜庣編鍥藉澶栫粡娴庢墿寮犵殑鍥介檯璐у竵浣撶郴鎴愪负鍙兘銆?span lang="EN-US">1937-1948骞达紝缇庡浗鍦ㄨ祫鏈富涔夌粡娴庝腑姣旈噸鐨勫彉鍖栨槸锛氬伐涓氱敓浜х敱42%锛堜负鑻便€佸痉銆佹硶銆佹棩鍥涘浗鎬诲拰鐨?span lang="EN-US">1.3鍊嶏級涓婂崌鍒?span lang="EN-US">53.4%锛堜负涓婅堪鍥涘浗鎬诲拰鐨?span lang="EN-US">2.7鍊嶏級锛涘嚭鍙ｈ锤鏄撶敱14.2%涓婂崌鍒?span lang="EN-US">32.4%銆傞粍閲戝偍澶囩敱50.5%涓婂崌鍒?span lang="EN-US">74.5%銆?span lang="EN-US">
浜庢槸缇庡浗渚濋潬鍏跺伐涓氱敓浜с€佸浗闄呰锤鏄撳拰榛勯噾鍌ㄥ绛夋柟闈㈢殑浼樺娍锛屼績鎴愬悇鍥藉缓绔嬩互缇庡厓涓轰腑蹇冪殑鍥介檯璐у竵浣撶郴锛岃繖灏辨槸甯冮浄椤挎．鏋楀崗瀹氥€傚啀鍔犱笂1947骞寸璁㈢殑鍏宠锤鎬诲崗瀹氾紝鍏卞悓缁勬垚浜嗘垬鍚庝笘鐣岄噾铻嶄笌璐告槗鐨勭З搴忋€傜編鍥藉笇鏈涘湪鏂扮殑閲戣瀺涓庤锤鏄撶З搴忎笅涓诲鎴樺悗鐨勪笘鐣岀粡娴庯紝淇濊瘉鑷繁鍦ㄥ眳浜庝笘鐣岀粡娴庣殑鏍稿績鍦颁綅鐨勫悓鏃讹紝杩樿兘澶熷緱鍒伴暱鏈熺殑缁忔祹鍙戝睍銆?span lang="EN-US">
浣嗗綋鏃惰嫳鍥戒粛鏄笘鐣屼富瑕佸偍澶囪揣甯佷箣涓€锛屽浗闄呰锤鏄?span lang="EN-US">40%宸﹀彸鏄敤鑻遍晳缁撶畻锛岀壒鎯犲埗涓庤嫳闀戝尯渚濇棫瀛樺湪锛岃嫳鍥藉湪涓栫晫涓婅繕淇濇寔鐫€鐩稿綋閲嶈鐨勫湴浣嶃€傚洜姝わ紝1943骞达紝缇庡浗璐㈡斂閮ㄥ畼鍛樻€€鐗瑰拰鑻卞浗璐㈡斂閮ㄩ【闂嚡鎭╂柉鍒嗗埆浠庢湰鍥藉埄鐩婂嚭鍙戯紝璁捐鎴樺悗鍥介檯璐у竵閲戣瀺浣撶郴锛屾彁鍑轰簡涓や釜涓嶅悓鐨勮鍒掞紝鍗?ldquo;鎬€鐗硅鍒?rdquo; 鍜?ldquo;鍑仼鏂鍒?rdquo;銆?span lang="EN-US">
“鎬€鐗硅鍒?rdquo;涓诲紶鍙栨秷澶栨眹绠″埗鍜屽悇鍥藉鍥介檯璧勯噾杞Щ鐨勯檺鍒讹紝璁剧珛涓€涓浗闄呯ǔ瀹氬熀閲戠粍缁囧彂琛屼竴绉嶅浗闄呰揣甯侊紝浣垮悇鍥借揣甯佷笌涔嬩繚鎸佸浐瀹氭瘮浠凤紝涔熷氨鏄熀閲戣揣甯佷笌缇庡厓鍜岄粍閲戞寕閽┿€備細鍛樺浗璐у竵涓嶇粡“鍩洪噾”浼氬憳鍥藉洓鍒嗕箣涓夌殑鎶曠エ鏉冮€氳繃锛屼笉寰楄船鍊笺€傝€?ldquo;鍑仼鏂鍒?rdquo;鍒欎粠褰撴椂鑻卞浗榛勯噾鍌ㄥ缂轰箯鍑哄彂锛屼富寮犲缓绔嬩竴涓笘鐣屾€т腑澶摱琛岋紝灏嗗悇鍥界殑鍊烘潈銆佸€哄姟閫氳繃瀹冪殑瀛樻璐︽埛杞处杩涜娓呯畻銆?span lang="EN-US">
1944骞?span lang="EN-US">7 鏈堬紝鍦ㄧ編鍥芥柊缃曞竷浠€灏斿窞鐨勫竷闆烽】妫灄鍙紑鏈?span lang="EN-US">44涓浗瀹跺弬鍔犵殑鑱斿悎鍥戒笌鑱旂洘鍥藉鍥介檯璐у竵閲戣瀺浼氳锛岄€氳繃浜嗕互“鎬€鐗硅鍒?rdquo;涓哄熀纭€鐨?ldquo;鑱斿悎鍥藉璐у竵閲戣瀺浼氳鐨勬渶鍚庡喅璁功”浠ュ強“鍥介檯璐у竵鍩洪噾缁勭粐鍗忓畾”鍜?ldquo;鍥介檯澶嶅叴寮€鍙戦摱琛屽崗瀹?rdquo;涓や釜闄勪欢锛屾€荤О涓?ldquo;甯冮浄椤挎．鏋楀崗瀹?rdquo;銆傚缓绔嬩簡閲戞湰浣嶅埗宕╂簝鍚庣殑绗簩涓浗闄呰揣甯佷綋绯汇€?span lang="EN-US">
鍦ㄨ繖涓€浣撶郴涓編鍏冧笌榛勯噾鎸傞挬锛岀編鍥芥壙鎷呬互瀹樹环鍏戞崲榛勯噾鐨勪箟鍔°€傚悇鍥借揣甯佷笌缇庡厓鎸傞挬锛岀編鍏冨浜庝腑蹇冨湴浣嶏紝璧蜂笘鐣岃揣甯佺殑浣滅敤銆傚疄闄呮槸涓€绉嶆柊閲戞眹鍏戞湰浣嶅埗锛屽湪甯冮浄椤胯揣甯佷綋鍒朵腑锛岄粍閲戞棤璁哄湪娴侀€氳繕鏄湪鍥介檯鍌ㄥ鏂归潰鐨勪綔鐢ㄩ兘鏈夋墍闄嶄綆锛岃€岀編鍏冩垚涓轰簡杩欎竴浣撶郴涓殑涓昏銆備絾鍥犱负榛勯噾鏄ǔ瀹氳繖涓€璐у竵浣撶郴鐨勬渶鍚庡睆闅滐紝鎵€浠ラ粍閲戠殑浠锋牸鍙婃祦鍔ㄩ兘浠嶅彈鍒拌緝涓ユ牸鐨勬帶鍒讹紝鍚勫浗绂佹灞呮皯鑷敱涔板崠榛勯噾锛屽競鍦烘満鍒堕毦浠ユ湁鏁堝彂鎸ヤ綔鐢ㄣ€傛垬鍓嶈嫳缇庢硶涓夊浗閮藉厑璁稿眳姘戝厬鎹㈤粍閲戯紝浣嗘垬鍚庣編鍥藉彧鍚屾剰澶栧浗鏀垮簻鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭潯浠朵笅鍏戞崲榛勯噾锛岃€屼笉鍏佽澶栧浗灞呮皯鐢ㄧ編鍏冨悜缇庡浗鍏戞崲榛勯噾锛涗鸡鏁﹂粍閲戝競鍦哄湪璇ヤ綋绯诲缓绔嬪崄骞村悗鎵嶅緱浠ユ仮澶嶃€?span lang="EN-US">
杩欎竴鍗忓畾濂犲畾浜嗕笘鐣屾湭鏉ュ崐涓笘绾殑鍙戝睍鍩虹銆傚悓鏃讹紝涓栫晫涔熻〃绀轰簡缇庡浗鍦ㄤ笘鐣岄噾铻嶇殑涓诲鍦颁綅銆備絾鏄紝鐢卞竷闆烽】妫灄浼氳璇炵敓鐨勪袱涓満鏋?mdash;—涓栫晫閾惰鍜屽浗闄呰揣甯佸熀閲戠粍缁囦粛鐒跺湪涓栫晫璐告槗鍜岄噾铻嶆牸灞€涓彂鎸ョ潃鑷充负閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€傚墠鑰呮彁渚涗腑闀挎湡淇¤捶鏉ヤ績杩涙垚鍛樺浗缁忔祹澶嶈嫃锛涘悗鑰呰€呰礋璐ｅ悜鎴愬憳鍥芥彁渚涚煭鏈熻祫閲戝€熻捶锛岀洰鐨勪负淇濋殰鍥介檯璐у竵浣撶郴鐨勭ǔ瀹氥€?span lang="EN-US">
甯冮浄椤挎．鏋椾綋绯荤殑瀹炶川鏄缓绔嬩竴绉嶄互缇庡厓涓轰腑蹇冪殑鍥介檯璐у竵浣撶郴銆傚叾鍩烘湰鍐呭鏄編鍏冧笌榛勯噾鎸傞挬锛屽叾浠栧浗瀹剁殑璐у竵涓庣編鍏冩寕閽╋紝瀹炶鍥哄畾姹囩巼鍒跺害銆傜編鍥介€氳繃璧犱笌銆佷俊璐枫€佽喘涔板鍥藉晢鍝佸拰鍔冲姟绛夊舰寮忥紝鍚戜笘鐣屾暎鍙戜簡澶ч噺缇庡厓锛屽瑙備笂璧峰埌鎵╁ぇ涓栫晫璐拱鍔涚殑浣滅敤銆傚悓鏃讹紝鍥哄畾姹囩巼鍒跺湪寰堝ぇ绋嬪害涓婃秷闄や簡鐢变簬姹囩巼娉㈠姩鑰屽紩璧风殑鍔ㄨ崱锛屽湪涓€瀹氱▼搴︿笂绋冲畾浜嗕富瑕佸浗瀹剁殑璐у竵姹囩巼锛屾湁鍒╀簬鍥介檯璐告槗鐨勫彂灞曘€?span lang="EN-US">
甯冮浄椤挎．鏋椾綋绯诲舰鎴愬悗锛屽熀閲戠粍缁囧拰涓栫晫閾惰鐨勬椿鍔ㄥ涓栫晫缁忔祹鐨勬仮澶嶅拰鍙戝睍璧蜂簡涓€瀹氱殑绉瀬浣滅敤銆備竴鏂归潰锛屽熀閲戠粍缁囨彁渚涚殑鐭湡璐锋鏆傛椂缂撳拰浜嗘垬鍚庤澶氬浗瀹剁殑鏀舵敮鍗辨満锛屼篃淇冭繘浜嗘敮浠樺姙娉曚笂鐨勭ǔ姝ヨ嚜鐢卞寲銆傚彟涓€鏂归潰锛屼笘鐣岄摱琛屾彁渚涘拰缁勭粐鐨勯暱鏈熻捶娆惧拰鎶曡祫涓嶅悓绋嬪害鍦拌В鍐充簡浼氬憳鍥芥垬鍚庢仮澶嶅拰鍙戝睍缁忔祹鐨勮祫閲戦渶瑕併€傛澶栵紝鍩洪噾缁勭粐鍜屼笘鐣岄摱琛屽湪鎻愪緵鎶€鏈彺鍔╋紝寤虹珛鍥介檯缁忔祹璐у竵鐨勭爺绌惰祫鏂欏強浜ゆ崲璧勬枡鎯呮姤绛夋柟闈㈠涓栫晫缁忔祹鐨勬仮澶嶄笌鍙戝睍涔熻捣鍒颁簡涓€瀹氫綔鐢ㄣ€?span lang="EN-US">
鍏崇◣涓庤锤鏄撴€诲崗瀹氾紝绠€绉板叧璐告€诲崗瀹氭垨鎬诲崗瀹氾紝鏄湪缇庡浗鐨勭瓥鍔ㄤ笅鐢?span lang="EN-US">23涓浗瀹朵簬1947骞?span lang="EN-US">10鏈?span lang="EN-US">30鏃ュ湪鏃ュ唴鐡︾璁㈠苟浜?span lang="EN-US">1948骞存寮忕敓鏁堢殑鍏充簬璋冩暣缂旂害鍥藉澶栬锤鏄撴斂绛栧拰鍥介檯璐告槗鍏崇郴鏂归潰鐨勭浉浜掓潈鍒┿€佷箟鍔＄殑鍥介檯澶氳竟鍗忓畾銆傚悇缂旂害鍥芥湰鐫€鎻愰珮鐢熸椿姘村钩銆佷繚璇佸厖鍒嗗氨涓氥€佷繚闅滃疄闄呮敹鍏ュ拰鏈夋晥闇€姹傜ǔ瀹氬闀裤€佸厖鍒嗗埄鐢ㄤ笘鐣岃祫婧愩€佹墿澶у晢鍝佺敓浜у拰浜ゆ崲銆佷績杩涚粡娴庡彂灞曠殑鐩殑锛屾潵澶勭悊瀹冧滑鍦ㄨ锤鏄撳拰缁忔祹鍙戝睍鏂归潰鐨勭浉浜掑叧绯伙紝褰兼鍑忚鍏崇◣锛屽彇娑堝悇绉嶈锤鏄撳鍨掑拰姝ц鎬у緟閬囷紝瀹炵幇璐告槗鑷敱鍖栥€?span lang="EN-US">1947.4-1947.10杈炬垚45000椤瑰晢鍝佺殑鍏崇◣鍑忚锛屼娇鍗犺繘鍙ｅ€?span lang="EN-US">54%鐨勫晢鍝佸钩鍧囬檷浣庡叧绋?span lang="EN-US">35%銆?span lang="EN-US">1949.4-1949.10杈炬垚杩?span lang="EN-US">5000椤瑰晢鍝佺殑鍏崇◣鍑忚锛屼娇搴斿緛绋庤繘鍙ｅ€?span lang="EN-US">56%鐨勫晢鍝佸钩鍧囬檷浣庡叧绋?span lang="EN-US">35%銆?span lang="EN-US">1950.9-1951.4杈炬垚杩?span lang="EN-US">9000椤瑰晢鍝佺殑鍏崇◣鍑忚锛屼娇鍗犺繘鍙ｅ€?span lang="EN-US">11.7%鐨勫晢鍝佸钩鍧囬檷浣庡叧绋?span lang="EN-US">26%銆傛娲蹭簲澶у浗1951骞寸殑鍑哄彛鍗虫瘮1946骞村闀夸簲鍊嶅锛屽疄闄呬骇鍑轰篃澧為暱浜?span lang="EN-US">1.5鍊嶃€?span lang="EN-US">
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涓轰簡瑙ｅ喅杩欎簺闂锛屽啘姘戝嚭韬殑鏉滈瞾闂紝 20涓栫邯鍞竴涓€涓粠鏈笂杩囧ぇ瀛︾殑缇庡浗鎬荤粺锛屼簬1945骞?span lang="EN-US">9鏈?span lang="EN-US">6鏃ュ悜鍥戒細鎻愪氦浜嗙涓€涓唴鏀块棶棰樼殑缁煎悎鎬у挩鏂囷紝鍜ㄦ枃鍏辨湁21鐐癸紝鍏朵腑鐨勫悇椤瑰缓璁寘鎷簡鍏钩鏂芥斂鐨勫熀鏈唴瀹癸細鏈€浣庡伐璧勩€佸厖鍒嗗氨涓氥€佷綇鎴块棶棰樼瓑銆傚叕骞虫柦鏀跨殑鏈川杩樻槸缃楁柉绂忔柊鏀跨殑缁х画锛岃繕鏄互鏂版斂鎵€渚濇嵁鐨勫嚡鎭╂柉涓讳箟鎵€涓诲紶鐨勫浗瀹跺瀯鏂祫鏈富涔夌悊璁轰负鍩虹锛屼富瑕佷緷闈犳斂搴滃共棰勶紝閲囧彇璧ゅ瓧璐㈡斂绛夋墜娈垫潵瑙ｅ喅閫氳揣鑶ㄨ儉鍜屽け涓氶棶棰樸€?span lang="EN-US">
鍏钩鏂芥斂绗竴闃舵鏈€閲嶈鐨勫唴瀹规槸銆?span lang="EN-US">1946骞村氨涓氭硶銆嬶紝鏍规嵁姝ゆ硶锛岃仈閭︽斂搴滃繀椤昏礋璐ｅ崗璋冨拰鍒╃敤鑷繁鐨勪竴鍒囪鍒掋€佹斂绛栥€佽亴鑳藉拰璧勬簮锛屼负閭ｄ簺鑳藉宸ヤ綔銆佹効鎰忓伐浣滃拰姝ｅ鎵惧伐浣滅殑浜烘彁渚涙湁鐩婄殑灏变笟鏈轰細銆備负浜嗙紦鍜岄€€浼嶅啗浜虹殑澶变笟闂锛屾斂搴滄牴鎹?span lang="EN-US">1944骞?span lang="EN-US">6鏈堢綏鏂绛剧讲娉曚护锛屼负閫€浼嶅啗浜虹殑灏变笟璁粌鍜屽ぇ瀛︽暀鑲层€佸け涓氳ˉ鍔┿€佽喘涔板啘鍦哄拰浣忓畢鎻愪緵浜嗗ぇ绗旇祫閲戝拰璐锋銆?span lang="EN-US">1945骞?span lang="EN-US">-1952骞达紝缇庡浗鏀垮簻鑺卞湪閫€浼嶅啗浜烘暀鑲插拰璁粌鏂归潰鐨勬敮鍑哄氨杈?span lang="EN-US">135浜跨編鍏冿紱浣滀负澶变笟鏁戞祹鍜岃嚜鎴戝氨涓氳ˉ鍔╄垂杈?span lang="EN-US">40浜跨編鍏冿紝鍒?span lang="EN-US">1956骞存暀鑲叉触璐寸粓姝㈡椂锛屾湁杩?span lang="EN-US">800涓囬€€浼嶅啗浜轰緷闈犳斂搴滆祫鍔╁畬鎴愪簡鍏ㄩ儴鎴栭儴浠藉鏍℃暀鑲层€傚＋鍏垫潈鍒╂硶浣垮嚑鐧句竾閫€浼嶅啗浜烘殏鏃堕€€鍑哄姵宸ュ競鍦猴紝鏃㈡湁鍔╀簬缂撳拰澶变笟闂锛屽苟涓烘垬鍚庣編鍥界粡娴庡拰绉戝鎶€鏈殑鍙戝睍鍩硅浜嗗ぇ鎵圭啛缁冨伐浜哄拰绉戞妧浜烘墠銆?span lang="EN-US">
涓轰簡瑙ｅ喅鎴樻椂宸ヤ笟鍚戝拰骞崇粡娴庤浆鍙樺甫鏉ョ殑缁忔祹鍗辨満锛屾斂搴滀篃閲囧彇浜嗕竴浜涘姙娉曪紝榧撳姳绉佷汉浼佷笟鎶曡祫绉瀬鎬э紝1945骞?span lang="EN-US">11鏈堝浗浼氬噺绋庤繎60浜跨編鍏冿紝1946骞?span lang="EN-US">1鏈堝張搴熼櫎瓒呴鍒╂鼎绋庛€傚悓鏃讹紝缇庡浗鏀垮簻杩樺粔浠峰嚭鍞€绘姇璧勮揪150浜跨編鍏冦€佺害鍗犲叏鍥藉伐涓氱敓浜ц兘鍔?span lang="EN-US">20%鐨勬暟鐧句釜鍥借惀鍐涘伐宸ュ巶缁欑浜哄瀯鏂粍缁囥€傚埌1945骞?span lang="EN-US">11搴曪紝93%鐨勫啗鐢ㄥ伐鍘傚凡缁忛噸鏂版敼涓烘皯鐢ㄥ伐鍘傘€?span lang="EN-US">
涓轰簡鎺у埗閫氳揣鑶ㄨ儉锛屽噺灏戞垬浜夋湡闂寸殑璐㈡斂璧ゅ瓧銆傛潨椴侀棬鏀垮簻瀹炶浜?ldquo;琛ュ伩鎬ц储鏀挎斂绛?rdquo;銆傚湪鎴樺悗鍒濇湡閲囧彇浜嗕袱椤规帾鏂斤細涓€鏄€ュ墽鍓婂噺鍐涜垂鏀嚭锛岀敱鎴樻椂鏈€楂樼偣1945骞寸殑812浜跨編鍏冿紝鍓婂噺鍒?span lang="EN-US">1948骞存垬鍚庣殑鏈€浣庣偣118浜跨編鍏冦€備簩鏄€ュ墽鍑忓皯鍥藉鍩烘湰寤鸿鎶曡祫銆傞殢鐫€鍐涜垂寮€鏀拰鍩烘湰寤鸿鎶曡祫鐨勫ぇ閲忓噺灏戯紝鍥藉璐㈡斂鏀舵敮鎯呭喌绔嬪嵆濂借浆锛?span lang="EN-US">1945骞磋仈閭﹁储鏀胯丹瀛楅珮杈?span lang="EN-US">450浜跨編鍏冿紝 1947骞磋仈閭︽敹鍏ヨ秴杩囨敮鍑?span lang="EN-US">66浜跨編鍏冿紝鑷粠1931骞翠互鏉ョ涓€娆″疄鐜拌储鏀挎敹鏀钩琛★紝骞舵湁澶ч噺鐩堜綑銆?span lang="EN-US">
鎴樺悗缇庡浗鏀垮簻涓昏杩愮敤璐㈡斂鍜岄噾铻嶆墜娈靛璧勬湰涓讳箟鐨勫啀鐢熶骇杩涜骞查鐨勫共棰勶紝鑰屽緢灏戝疄琛屽伐涓氬浗鏈夊寲锛岀編鍥戒负鏁颁笉澶氱殑鍥芥湁浼佷笟涓昏鏄敤鍥藉棰勭畻寤虹珛鐨勩€傜編鍥藉湪鎴樺悗澶у姏鎵舵绉佷汉璧勬湰鐨勫彂灞曪紝灏嗗ぇ閲忕殑鍥芥湁浼佷笟鍜岃祫浜у粔浠峰湴鍑哄敭缁欑浜哄強鍨勬柇璧勬湰銆傚浜屾垬鏈熼棿鐢辨斂搴滄姇璧勫缓绔嬩簡2000澶氬鍐涚敤浼佷笟锛屾垬鍚庤繖浜涗紒涓氱殑澶ч儴鍒嗭紝浠ュ師鎶曡祫棰濈殑1/2鑷?span lang="EN-US">1/4鐨勪綆浠峰崠缁欎簡鎽╂牴銆佹潨閭︾瓑璐㈠洟鎵€灞炵殑澶у叕鍙革紝褰撴椂杩樻浘鎸夊師浠风殑15%鎶婂ぇ閲忚繍杈撳伐鍏峰崠缁欑浜轰紒涓氥€?span lang="EN-US">
缇庡浗涓轰簡缁存寔楂樺嚭鍙ｆ按骞筹紝涓嶅崟鍦?ldquo;鎻村”椤圭洰涓嬮€氳繃鍥藉璐拱杩涜鍑哄彛锛岃繕瀵规煇浜涚編鍥戒骇鍝佺殑鍑哄彛瀹炶琛ヨ创銆傚湪“鎻村”椤圭洰涓嬫彁渚涚殑鍑哄彛鍦ㄧ編鍥藉嚭鍙ｆ瘮閲嶄腑锛?span lang="EN-US">1949骞村崰46锛咃紝50骞翠唬鍗?span lang="EN-US">30锛呭乏鍙炽€傛澶栵紝缇庡浗鏀垮簻杩橀€氳繃鍦ㄥ叏鍥借寖鍥村唴寤虹珛绉戠爺鍜屾暀鑲茬綉鐐癸紝鎺ㄨ绀句細淇濋殰鏀跨瓥绛夛紝鍦ㄧ紦鍜屽浗鍐呴樁绾х煕鐩剧殑鍚屾椂锛岃繘涓€姝ヤ績杩涚敓浜у姏鐨勫彂灞曘€?span lang="EN-US">
閫氳繃涓€绯诲垪鐨勬斂绛栧拰娉曞緥鐨勫埗璁笌瀹炴柦锛岀編鍥芥槑纭湴鎶婄綏鏂鏂版斂鐨勬€濇兂缁ф壙浜嗕笅鏉ワ紝骞跺啓鍏ュ浗瀹舵硶寰嬨€傛垬鍚庣編鍥界粡娴庝笉浣嗗疄鐜颁簡鎴樻椂鍚戝拰骞宠浆鍙樼殑杞潃闄嗐€傛垬鍚庣編鍥芥秷璐规枃鍖栫儹搴︽彁楂橈紝濡傚姹借溅鐨勬秷璐癸紝鍦?span lang="EN-US">1950骞达紝鍏ㄧ悆姹借溅淇濇湁閲?span lang="EN-US">6900涓囪締锛岀編鍥戒负5000涓囪締锛岀編鍥芥苯杞︿骇閲忓崰涓栫晫浜ч噺鐨?span lang="EN-US"> 80% 銆?span lang="EN-US">
铏界劧鏉滈瞾闂ㄦ斂搴滈噰鍙栦簡涓€绯诲垪鐨勫姫鍔涳紝浣嗘嵁缇庡浗鍟嗗姟閮ㄧ粺璁?span lang="EN-US">, 1947骞寸編鍥藉嚭鍙ｆ€婚涓?span lang="EN-US">145浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">,鍗犲浗姘戠敓浜ф€诲€肩殑7%銆傝€岀編鍥藉伐涓氱殑鐢熶骇鑳藉姏鍗磋姹傚伐涓氬搧鍑哄彛鑷冲皯鍗犲浗姘戠敓浜ф€诲€肩殑20%銆傚彟涓€鏂归潰锛屾娲插垯鎴愪负涓€鐗囧簾澧燂紝姘戜紬娴佺澶辨墍锛岀粡娴庢按骞冲€掗€€鑷充簩鎴樺墠銆傛垬鍚庣殑绗簩涓啲澶╋紝渚挎湁姘戜紬鍐绘浜嬩欢鍙戠敓锛屾娲茬粡娴庣敓娲婚櫡鍏ュ墠鎵€鏈湁鐨勫洶闅撅紝鎵€浠ユ€ラ渶澶ч噺鐨勫晢鍝佽緭鍏ワ紝鍗村張鑻︿簬缂轰箯璧勯噾锛屾棤鍔涜繘鍙ｃ€傛墍浠ワ紝瀵瑰鏁戞祹銆佹彺鍔╁拰璐锋鎴愪负缇庡浗鍜屼笘鐣岀殑鍏卞悓鍛煎０銆?span lang="EN-US">
浼楀缇庡浗浼佷笟闇€瑕佸湪璐告槗鑷敱鏀跨瓥涓嬪紑杈熺殑鏂板競鍦烘潵鑾峰緱鍒╂鼎銆傝櫧鐒舵鏃剁殑娆ф床閲嶅缓涔熸闇€瑕佹潵鑷編鍥界殑浜у搧锛屼絾杩樻病鏈変粠浜屾垬鐨勯槾褰变腑璧板嚭鐨勬娲蹭汉娌℃湁瓒冲鐨勭編鍏冩潵杩涘彛杩欎簺蹇呴渶鐗╄祫銆備笌姝ゅ悓鏃讹紝鍥介檯璐у竵鍩洪噾缁勭粐鍜屽浗闄呭鍏村紑鍙戦摱琛岀殑淇¤捶鏈哄埗宸叉棤娉曞簲浠樿タ娆х殑澶ч璐告槗璧ゅ瓧銆傚墠鑰呭彧鑳藉閫氳繃涓€浜涙暟鐩笉鏄緢澶х殑璐锋锛屽府鍔╂娲茶В鍐崇煭鏈熷唴鐨勮丹瀛楅棶棰樸€傝嚦浜庨噸瑕佺殑璐㈡斂鍜岄噸寤洪棶棰橈紝浠栦滑灏辨棤鑳戒负鍔涗簡銆?span lang="EN-US">1943骞村悓鐩熷浗鎴愮珛浜嗚仈鍚堝浗鏁戞祹鎬荤讲锛岃繖涓€鍥介檯鏈烘瀯绱ц窡鍦ㄥ啗闃熺殑鍚庨潰锛屽悜宸茬粡瑙ｆ斁鐨勫浗瀹舵彁渚涘悇绉嶆晳娴庯紝鐩村埌鏂扮殑鍥芥皯鏀垮簻鑳借礋璧疯矗浠绘椂涓烘銆傝缁勭粐鍒?span lang="EN-US">1948骞?span lang="EN-US">9鏈堟椂瑙ｆ暎鏃讹紝宸蹭负鍚勫浗鎻愪緵浜嗕富瑕佹簮鑷編鍥?span lang="EN-US">2200涓囧惃鐗╄祫锛屽寘鎷鐗┿€佽。鏈嶅拰鑽搧銆備絾杩欒繙杩滀笉鑳芥弧瓒冲悇鍥芥仮澶嶇粡娴庡彂灞曠殑闇€瑕併€?span lang="EN-US">
鍥犳缇庡浗灏卞紑濮嬮€氳繃澶氱閫斿緞鍚戞娲叉彁渚涙墍璋撶殑“缇庡厓淇¤捶”锛?span lang="EN-US">dollar credits锛夛紝鏉ュ府鍔╂娲茶В鍐宠繖浜涢棶棰樸€備綔涓哄澶栨彺鍔╀笌璐锋锛岀編鍥?span lang="EN-US">1948 骞村澶栨彺鍔╁崰褰撳勾鍥芥皯鐢熶骇鎬诲€肩害2% , 1949 骞寸敋鑷抽珮杈?span lang="EN-US">3.12%锛岃繙楂樹簬鍚庢潵鑱斿悎鍥借姹傜殑0.17%锛?span lang="EN-US">1946—1952 骞磋储鏀垮勾搴︾編鍥藉勾骞冲潎澶栨彺320 浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">(浠?span lang="EN-US">1989 骞寸編鍏冧环璁＄畻)銆傚湪绗簩娆′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樺悗鍗佷綑骞翠腑, 缇庡浗瀵瑰缁忔祹鎻村姪鎬婚璁¤揪500.3 浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">, 鍏朵腑璧犱笌鎬х粡娴庡拰鎶€鏈彺鍔?span lang="EN-US">371.6浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">, 璐锋101 缇庡厓, 鍏跺畠鎻村姪27.7 浜跨編鍏冦€傚彈鎻村璞￠亶鍙婁笘鐣屼簲澶ф床100 澶氫釜鍥藉鍜屽湴鍖恒€傚叾涓娲?span lang="EN-US">282.77浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">, 浜氭床167.3 浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">, 鎷夌編26.62 浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">, 鍏跺畠鍦板尯14.82 浜跨編鍏冦€傝€屽娆ф床鐨勬彺鍔╀富瑕侀€氳繃椹瓏灏旇鍒掞紝鎵€浠ュ畠涔熻绉颁负娆ф床澶嶅叴璁″垝銆?span lang="EN-US">
椹瓏灏旇鍒掑湪涓€鐗囧娆ф床鎻愪緵鎻村姪鐨勫懠澹颁腑鍑哄彴锛屽畠鐢变箶娌诲嚡鍗椼€佸▉寤?bull;鍏嬭幈椤跨瓑鍒惰锛岀敱椹瓏灏斿湪鍝堜經澶у鐨勬紨璁蹭笂瀹ｅ竷鑰屽緱鍚嶏紝浠ｈ〃浜嗗綋鏃惰嚜鐢辨淳浜哄＋鐨勮鐐广€傞€氳繃椹瓏灏旇鍒掞紝瑗挎鍚勫浗宸ヤ笟浜ч噺姣旇鍒掑疄鏂藉墠骞冲潎涓婂崌浜?span lang="EN-US">30%浠ヤ笂,瑗垮痉鐢氳嚦楂樿揪312%锛涘啘涓氫骇閲忚緝鎴樺墠鎻愰珮10%銆傚埌1953骞存娲茬殑璐告槗杈冧箣鎴樺墠澧為暱40%銆傜編鍥界殑瀵瑰鎶曡祫1939骞翠负140浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">, 1950 骞村垯澧炲姞鍒?span lang="EN-US">315 浜跨編鍏冦€傜編鍥藉悶骞朵簡璧勬湰涓讳箟鍚勫浗鐨勮澶氭捣澶栨姇璧?span lang="EN-US">,鎴愪负鎴樺悗鏈€澶х殑鍥介檯鎶曡祫鑰呫€?span lang="EN-US">
鐢变簬浜屾垬鍚庯紝娆ф床鍥藉鏀垮簻鍔涢噺澶уぇ涓嬮檷锛屽叡浜у厷缁勭粐鍙婂伐浼氬紓甯告椿璺冿紝鑻忚仈閫氳繃涓€绯诲垪鐨勫姫鍔涙妸鑷繁鐨勭ぞ浼氬埗搴﹀鍒剁粰鏂拌В鏀剧殑鍥藉锛屽苟澶у姏鏀寔鍚勫浗鐨勯潻鍛借鍔ㄣ€備簬鏄┈姝囧皵璁″垝锛堝強鍏朵粬鎻村姪璁″垝锛夌殑涓€涓殣钄界洰鏍囷紝灏辨槸瀵硅嫃鑱斿娍鍔涘湪娆ф床涓嶆柇鎵╁紶鐨勫奖鍝嶈繘琛岄亸鍒讹紝鐗瑰埆閽堝鎹峰厠鏂礇浼愬厠銆佹硶鍥藉拰鎰忓ぇ鍒╁叡浜у厷鍔垮姏鐨勫闀裤€?span lang="EN-US">
椹瓏灏旇鍒掓秹鍙婄殑璧勯噾閫氬父閮藉厛浜や粯缁欐娲插悇鍥界殑鏀垮簻锛屽苟鎴愮珛涓撻棬鐨勭粡娴庡悎浣滄€荤讲锛屾墍鏈夎祫閲戠敱鎵€鍦ㄥ浗鏀垮簻鍜岀粡娴庡悎浣滄€荤讲鍏卞悓绠＄悊銆傛瘡涓弬涓庡浗閮芥湁涓€鍚嶇粡娴庡悎浣滄€荤讲鐨勭壒浣匡紝杩欎竴鑱屼綅涓€鑸兘鐢辩編鍥界睄鍟嗙晫浜哄＋鍑轰换銆傛娲茬粡娴庡悎浣滅粍缁囧湪鍒嗛厤娆鹃」鏂归潰鍙戞尌浜嗕富瀵间綔鐢紝姝ゅ杩欎竴缁勭粐杩樿礋璐ｇ鐞嗗悇鍥界殑鍟嗗搧娴佸姩銆?span lang="EN-US">
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鏇撮噸瑕佺殑鏄伐鍏氭斂搴滀簬1945—1951骞村彂鍔ㄤ簡鑻卞浗绗竴娆″浗鏈夊寲娴疆锛屽皢閲嶈宸ヤ笟涓庡叕鍏变簨涓氬浗鏈夊寲锛屽苟灏嗚嫳鏍煎叞閾惰锛堝ぎ琛岋級鏀跺綊鍥芥湁銆傜敱浜庢垬鍚?span lang="EN-US">,鑻卞浗缁忔祹閬埌鎴樹簤涓ラ噸鐮村潖,绉佷汉璧勬湰鏃犲姏璐熸媴宸ヤ笟鎭㈠鍜岄潻鏂版墍闇€瑕佺殑宸ㄩ鎶曡祫锛岃揩鍒囪姹傚浗瀹舵姇璧勯噸寤轰竴浜涘熀纭€宸ヤ笟鍜屽熀纭€璁炬柦銆傝嫳鍥藉湪宸ュ厷棰嗗涓嬪疄鏂界殑澶ц妯＄殑鍥芥湁鍖栨帾鏂芥墍閬囬樆鍔涜緝灏忥紝浣嗚嫳鍥介挗閾佸伐涓氬埄娑︾巼楂橈紝鎵€浠ュ弽瀵瑰浗鏈夊寲鐨勫娍鍔涗竴搴﹀崰涓婇锛屼絾缁堢┒杩樻槸鍥芥湁鍖栦簡銆傚湪鑹惧痉绀兼斂搴滅殑鍔姏涓嬶紝閾惰銆佺數鍔涖€佺數淇°€侀挗閾併€佺叅鐭裤€侀搧璺互鍙婂煄甯傚叕鐢ㄤ簨涓氱瓑鏀跺綊鍥芥湁锛岃€屼粠浜嬭繖浜涜涓氱殑璧勬湰瀹朵篃浠庢斂搴滆幏寰楀ぇ閲忎紭鍘氱殑琛ュ伩閲戯紝鐢ㄤ簬鍏朵粬鏈夊埄鍙浘鐨勯儴闂ㄣ€傚鑻卞浗鐨勭叅鐭胯鏀跺綊鍥芥湁鍚庯紝鐭夸富鑾峰緱浜?span lang="EN-US">4浜胯嫳闀戠殑琛ュ伩锛岃秴杩囦簡鐭夸簳鍘熸湁浠峰€笺€傝嫳鏍煎叞閾惰鍘熻祫鏈€婚涓?span lang="EN-US">1450涓囪嫳闀戯紝鍥芥湁鍖栧悗璇ヨ鑲′笢寰楀埌鐨勫浗瀹惰祹涔拌瘉鍒搁珮鍑哄競鍦轰环10%銆傚浗鏈夊寲宸ヤ笟閮ㄩ棬鐨勪紒涓氱鐞嗘潈锛屽疄闄呬笂浠嶇劧淇濇寔鍦ㄨ祫鏈鎵嬮噷銆傚浗鏈夊寲鍙栧緱浜嗕竴绯诲垪绉瀬鐨勬晥鏋滐紝鍒?span lang="EN-US">1951骞村伐鍏氭斂搴滀笅鍙版椂锛屽浗鏈夊寲浼佷笟鍗犲叏鍥戒紒涓氭€绘暟鐨?span lang="EN-US">20%宸﹀彸銆傜叅鐐€佺數鍔涖€佽繍杈撶瓑宸ヤ笟鍦ㄥ浗鏈夊寲鍚庨兘鏈夋墍鏀瑰杽銆傚埌1947骞寸叅鐐伐涓氬凡涓嶉渶瑕佹斂搴滄触璐达紝杩樹笂缂村ぇ閲忓埄娑︺€傞搧璺繍杈撲互鍓嶆瘡骞翠簭鎹熻揪1600澶氫竾鑻遍晳锛屽浗鏈夊寲4骞村悗锛屾壄浜忎负鐩堬紝骞朵笖涓婄即浜?span lang="EN-US">9290涓囪嫳闀戠殑鍒╂鼎銆?span lang="EN-US">
鏀垮簻缂栧埗鍜屽疄鏂界粡娴庤鍒掞紱鍔犲己瀵硅储鏀裤€侀噾铻嶃€佽锤鏄撳拰閮ㄥ垎鐢熶骇棰嗗煙鐨勭鐞嗗拰鎺у埗銆傞€氳繃杩欎簺鏀跨瓥锛岃嫳鍥界粡娴庨€愭鎭㈠锛屼簬1950骞村闀跨巼杈惧埌4锛呫€傚悗鏉ヤ繚瀹堝厷涓婂彴锛屼篃鎺ュ彈鍥芥湁鍖栫殑鐜板疄锛屽苟缁х画鎺ㄨ绂忓埄鏀跨瓥锛屽悓鏃跺姞寮虹浜轰紒涓氱粡娴庯紝寮鸿皟甯傚満绔炰簤鐨勪綔鐢紝鍑忓皯鏀垮簻骞查缁忔祹鐨勬椿鍔ㄣ€備簬鏄嫳鍥界粡娴庣殑鍙戝睍鏄剧ず鍑虹浜轰紒涓氫笌鍥芥湁鍖栫浉缁撳悎銆佸浗瀹惰鍒掍笌甯傚満缁忔祹鐩哥粨鍚堛€佸浗瀹跺共棰勪笌鑷敱绔炰簤鐩哥粨鍚堢殑鐗瑰緛銆?span lang="EN-US">
娉曞浗缁忔祹瀛﹀銆佺ぞ浼氭椿鍔ㄥ璁?bull;鑾瀵逛簬鎭㈠缁忔祹鍜岃鍒掑埗璁㈡湁鐫€瓒呬箮鎯宠薄鐨勬墠鑳斤紝浠栨浘缁忓懆娓镐笘鐣岋紝鍦ㄤ竴鎴樹腑鎻愬嚭鑻辨硶鐩镐簰鍒╃敤璧勬簮鐨勮鍒掞紝涓鸿嫳娉曡仈鍐涚殑鑾疯儨璧峰埌涓€瀹氫綔鐢紝骞跺洜姝よ€岀煡鍚嶃€備竴鎴樺悗浠栧張鏇惧府鍔╂尝鍏板拰缃楅┈灏间簹绋冲畾璐у竵锛屾湰浜轰篃浠庝簨涓€浜涢噾铻嶅晢涓氾紝瀵逛笘鐣岄噾铻嶆湁寰堟繁鎺ヨЕ銆備粬杩樺湪1934-1936骞存湡闂村埌涓浗甯姪鍥芥皯鍏氭斂搴滄瀯寤洪搧璺繍杈撶綉缁溿€備簩鎴樺悗锛屼粬璁や负 “锛堟垬鍚庯級娉曞浗鐨勫競鍦虹粡娴庡皻鏈垚鐔燂紝缁忔祹杩愪綔涓嶅簲浜ょ粰甯傚満鑰屾槸鐢辨斂搴滆礋璐?rdquo;銆?span lang="EN-US">
浜屾垬鍓嶅鐨?span lang="EN-US">1936骞达紝娉曞浗鏀垮簻涓轰簡搴斿鐖嗗彂鎴樹簤鐨勫▉鑳侊紝瀵逛竴鎵瑰伐涓氫紒涓氳繘琛屼簡鍥芥湁鍖栵紝鍖呮嫭閾佽矾銆侀鏈哄埗閫犲拰鍐涘伐鍘傜瓑銆傝€屼簩鎴樻湡闂达紝娉曞浗鍨勬柇璧勬湰瀹朵滑80%鐨勫伐涓氫紒涓氶兘鍦ㄦ寜寰峰浗鐨勮鍗曠敓浜с€傚湪鎴樹簤缁撴潫鍓嶏紝鎴撮珮涔愮瓑浜哄氨璁炬兂鎴樺悗灏嗚繖浜涗紒涓氬浗鏈夊寲锛屾棤鍋挎病鏀舵垬鏃朵笌寰峰浗绾崇补鍚堜綔鐨勫瀯鏂祫鏈€?span lang="EN-US">
鍦ㄨ繖绉嶆€濇兂鎸囧涓嬶紝娉曞浗涓夊厷鑱斿悎鏀垮簻浜?span lang="EN-US">1946骞寸‘瀹氫簡澶ц妯″疄鏂戒紒涓氬浗鏈夊寲銆佺粡娴庤鍒掑寲鍜屽缓璁剧鍒╁浗瀹剁殑鍙戝睍鏂归拡銆傛斂搴滈€氳繃鎻愰珮鍥芥湁浼佷笟姣旈噸鍜屽埗瀹氱粡娴庤鍒掞紝瀵圭ぞ浼氱粡娴庤繘琛屽叏闈㈡寚瀵煎拰璋冭妭锛屽苟涓斿埄鐢ㄨ储鏀裤€佺◣鏀躲€佷环鏍肩瓑鎵嬫锛屼娇璁″垝杈惧埌棰勬湡鐩殑銆傚苟涓斿缓绔嬬ぞ浼氱鍒╁埗搴︼紝涓哄ぇ浼楁彁渚涘熀鏈敓娲讳繚闅溿€?span lang="EN-US">
1945骞?span lang="EN-US">1鏈?span lang="EN-US">16鏃ワ紝娉曞浗涓存椂鏀垮簻灏嗘垬鏃朵笌娉曡タ鏂悎浣滅殑闆疯姹借溅鍏徃鏀跺綊鍥芥湁锛岃矾鏄?bull;闆疯鍦ㄥ叕鍙镐腑鎷ユ湁鐨?span lang="EN-US">98%鐨勮偂浠藉潎鎴愪负鍥藉璐骇銆傜洰鍓嶏紝鍥借惀闆疯鍏徃鏄硶鍥芥渶澶х殑宸ュ晢涓氬瀯鏂泦鍥箣涓€锛屾苯杞﹀埗閫犱笟鏈€澶х殑鍨勬柇闆嗗洟銆傞浄璇烘苯杞﹀叕鍙哥殑鍥芥湁鎷夊紑浜嗕簩鎴樺悗娉曞浗鐨勫浗鏈夊寲搴忓箷銆傛硶鍥芥煋鏂欏叕鍙搞€佺數褰卞伐涓氬拰鍥借惀鎶ヤ笟鍏徃浠ュ強鍥涘ぇ鍌ㄨ搫閾惰鍜屼繚闄╁叕鍙稿潎鏀跺綊鍥芥湁銆備粠1945骞?span lang="EN-US">12鏈堣捣锛屾硶鍏拌タ閾惰鎴愪负鍥藉閾惰銆?span lang="EN-US">
1946骞?span lang="EN-US">5鏈堬紝娉曞浗姝ｅ紡棰佸竷澶ц妯?ldquo;鍥芥湁鍖?rdquo;娉曚护锛屽鐓ょ偔銆佺數鍔涘拰杩愯緭绛夊熀纭€宸ヤ笟瀹炶鍥芥湁锛屽叾涓寘鎷硶鍥界叅鐭垮叕鍙搞€佹硶鍥界叅姘斿叕鍙搞€佹硶鍥界數鍔涘叕鍙搞€佹硶鍥借埅绌哄叕鍙搞€佹硶鍥藉ぇ瑗挎磱鑸┖鍏徃绛夈€傚洓澶у偍钃勯摱琛岀殑搴撳嫆鎻?bull;閲岀害鍐呫€佺編瀛氱ぞ銆佸叏鍥芥墦鎶橀摱琛屼笌宸ュ晢琛屽彉鎴愬反榛庡浗绔嬮摱琛屻€佷繚闄╁叕鍙搞€侀瞾璇哄叕绀俱€侀鏈哄彂鍔ㄦ満鍒堕€犲紑鍙戝叕绀撅紝浣滀负鍥芥湁浼佷笟鍙備笌缁忔祹娲诲姩銆傚埌1946骞村簳锛屽浗瀹跺崰鏈夎偂鏉冨湪50%浠ヤ笂鐨勫叕鍙稿凡杈惧埌130瀹讹紝娉曞浗鍥芥湁浼佷笟鍦ㄨ兘婧愰鍩熺殑姣旈噸楂樿揪90%锛屽湪閲戣瀺棰嗗煙鐨勬瘮閲嶆帴杩?span lang="EN-US">50%銆傛斂搴滅粰浜堝浗鏈夊寲浼佷笟鍘熻祫鏈澶ч噺琛ュ伩閲戯紝鍥芥湁鍖栦紒涓氱鐞嗘潈瀹為檯涓婁粛鐒舵搷绾靛湪璧勬湰瀹舵墜涓€傚浗瀹跺鍥芥湁鍖栦紒涓氬ぇ閲忔姇璧勪互淇冭繘宸ュ啘涓氱敓浜х殑鎭㈠鍜屽彂灞曘€?span lang="EN-US">
涓轰簡鎸叴缁忔祹锛屾硶鍥芥斂搴滄垚绔嬩簡浠ヨ•鑾涓洪鐨勫浗瀹惰鍒掓€荤讲锛屽埗瀹氥€佸疄鏂戒簡钁楀悕鐨?ldquo;鐜颁唬鍖栦笌瑁呭璁″垝”锛屽紑鍒涗簡姝ゅ悗寤剁画鏁板崄骞村浗瀹剁粡娴庤鍒掔殑鍏堟渤锛屼负寤剁画鑷充粖鐨勬硶鍥界粡娴庢ā寮忔墦涓嬩簡娣辨繁鐨勭儥鍗般€傛垬鍚庣粡娴庨噸寤哄垵鏈燂紝缁忔祹璁″垝甯︽湁杈冩祿閲嶇殑鏀垮簻骞查鑹插僵锛屽璁″垝瑙勫畾浜嗗悇绉嶆暟閲忕洰鏍囷紝鏀垮簻閫氳繃绋庢敹鍙備笌鍥芥皯鏀跺叆鍐嶅垎閰嶈繃绋嬶紝闆嗕腑宸ㄩ璧勯噾瀵逛紭鍏堝彂灞曢儴闂ㄧ粰浜堣储鏀挎敮鎸併€傝•鑾璐熻矗鍒跺畾浜嗙涓€涓?span lang="EN-US">7骞磋鍒?span lang="EN-US">(1947-1953骞?span lang="EN-US">)锛屾妸閲嶇偣鏀惧湪鍩虹浜т笟閮ㄩ棬锛屽皢鐓ょ偔銆佺數鍔涖€侀挗閾併€佹按娉ャ€佽繍杈撱€佸啘涓氭満姊拌澶囩‘瀹氫负浼樺厛鍙戝睍瀵硅薄锛屽鍩虹浜т笟瀹炶鎶曡祫鍊炬枩鏀跨瓥锛屾彁楂樺伐涓氭妧鏈澶囩幇浠ｅ寲姘村钩锛屾敞閲嶆妧鏈敼閫犮€傚浗瀹跺杩欎簺鍩虹宸ヤ笟閮ㄩ棬瀹炶璁″垝璋冭妭锛屼互鏂版妧鏈澶囧苟浣夸箣鐜颁唬鍖栥€傜敱浜庤繖涓€璁″垝寰楀埌椹瓏灏旇鍒掔殑鎻村姪锛屾墍浠ヨ緝涓洪『鍒╋紝娉曞浗宸ヤ笟鐢熶骇鎭㈠杈冨揩銆傚埌1948骞达紝鏁翠釜娉曞浗宸ヤ笟鐨勪骇閲忚揪鍒版垬鍓?span lang="EN-US">1938骞寸殑姘村钩銆傚挨鍏舵槸鐢靛姏宸ヤ笟锛?span lang="EN-US">1949骞村叏鍥藉彂鐢靛氨杈惧埌303浜垮害銆?span lang="EN-US">
娉曞浗涓婂眰涓婂＋鎰忚瘑鍒帮紝娉曞浗鏃犳硶闃绘尅寰峰浗鐨勫鍏达紝浜庢槸娉曞浗澶栭暱鑸掓浖浜?span lang="EN-US">1950骞存彁鍑虹敱璁?bull;鑾绛変汉鍒惰鐨?ldquo;鑸掓浖璁″垝”锛屾硶寰峰叡鍚岀粡钀ヤ袱鍥界殑鐓ょ偔鍜岄挗閾侊紝骞跺厤闄ゅ叧绋庛€傜敱浜庡痉鍥介瞾灏斿尯姝ｅ湪琚垬鑳滃浗鍗犻鍜屾媶杩佽澶囷紝杩欎竴鎻愯鏃犵枒鏄悜寰峰浗浣滃嚭鍠勬剰鐨勫拰骞抽個璇凤紝瑗垮痉鎬荤悊闃跨櫥绾崇珛鍗冲悓鎰忔璁″垝銆備簬鏄娲茬叅閽㈠叡鍚屼綋鍦ㄨ垝鏇艰鍒掔殑鍩虹涓婃垚绔嬶紝鎴愬憳鍥藉叡鍚屾帉鎻＄叅鐐€侀挗閾佺瓑鎴樹簤鐗╄祫锛屼竴鏂归潰淇濋殰鍐呴儴鍜屽钩锛屽彟涓€鏂归潰涔熶负鎴樺悗閲嶅缓鎻愪緵鐢熶骇璧勬枡涓婄殑淇濊瘉銆傛硶鍥戒笌寰峰浗绛夋娲插叚鍥戒竴璧凤紝杩愮敤缇庡浗鏀垮簻鐨勯┈姝囧皵璁″垝鍩洪噾杩涜杩愪綔锛屽叡鍚屼綋棣栦换涓诲腑鐢辫•鑾鎷呬换锛岃繖涓€缁勭粐鍙互绉板緱涓婃槸鍥介檯绀句細涓讳箟銆傚湪姝ゆ€濇兂鐨勫熀纭€涓婏紝娆ф床閫愭铻嶄负涓€浣撱€?span lang="EN-US">
闃垮皵濂戝痉•鍔犳柉璐濆埄鍦ㄥⅷ绱㈤噷灏肩粺娌绘湡闂磋鍏冲叆鐩戠嫳锛屽悗缁忔暀浼氳惀鏁戝埌姊佃拏鍐堢殑鍥句功棣嗗伐浣滐紝浜?span lang="EN-US">1943骞寸粍缁囦簡鍩虹潱鏁欐皯涓诲厷锛屾彁鍑轰簡鎴樺悗閲嶅缓鐨勯棶棰樸€備簩鎴樼粨鏉熷悗锛屼粬棰嗗鐨勫熀鐫ｆ暀姘戜富鍏氬湪鎰忓ぇ鍒╄浼氶€変妇涓幏寰楁垚鍔熴€傛剰澶у埄閫氳繃鍏ㄦ皯閫変妇锛屽簾闄や簡鍚涗富鍒躲€傛垬鍚庯紝鍩虹潱鏁欐皯涓诲厷闀挎湡鎵ф斂锛屼絾璁細涓叡浜у厷鍗犳湁閮ㄥ垎甯綅銆傜敱浜庡熀鐫ｆ暀姘戜富鍏氬湪璁細涓病鏈夌粷瀵瑰鏁帮紝鍚屾椂锛屽厷鍐呮淳绯绘枟浜夋縺鐑堬紝鍥犺€屾斂搴滄洿杩绻併€備粠1945骞村埌1960骞寸殑15骞翠腑锛屽氨鏈?span lang="EN-US">16灞婂唴闃併€備絾闃垮皵濂戝痉•鍔犳柉璐濆埄椤哄埄鍦版墽鏀胯揪鍏勾涔嬩箙锛屾垚涓烘剰澶у埄鎴樺悗澶嶈嫃杩囩▼涓殑涓昏浜虹墿銆傚熀鐫ｆ暀姘戜富鍏氫笌姊佃拏鍐堝叧绯诲瘑鍒囷紝濂夎浜茬編鏀跨瓥銆?span lang="EN-US">1948骞达紝鎰忓ぇ鍒╀笌缇庡浗绛捐鍙嬪ソ閫氬晢鑸捣鏉＄害锛屾帴鍙楅┈姝囧皵璁″垝锛屽苟浜庢骞村姞鍏ュ寳绾︾粍缁囥€?span lang="EN-US">
鎰忓ぇ鍒╁彈鍒颁弗閲嶇殑鎴樹簤鐮村潖锛屾崯澶变簡绾︿笁鍒嗕箣涓€鐨勫浗姘戣储瀵屻€?span lang="EN-US">1946骞?span lang="EN-US">10鏈堢殑宸ヤ笟鍝佷骇閲忓彧鐩稿綋浜庢垬鍓嶇殑70锛咃紝瀵瑰璐告槗瀹屽叏涓柇銆傛剰澶у埄涓уけ浜嗗叏閮ㄦ畺姘戝湴銆傛垬鍚庯紝鎰忓ぇ鍒╁緱鍒扮編鍥界殑鎻村姪锛岀粡娴庢仮澶嶅拰鍙戝睍姣旇緝杩呴€熴€傛垬鍚庡崄骞寸編鍥藉鎰忕粡娴庢彺鍔╁叡杈?span lang="EN-US">54浜跨編鍏冿紝鍏朵腑椹瓏灏旇鍒掔殑鎻村姪涓?span lang="EN-US">13.17浜跨編鍏冦€?span lang="EN-US">
鎰忓ぇ鍒╂斂搴滈噰鍙栧浗瀹舵帶鑲″叕鍙稿拰“鍥芥湁浼佷笟”鐨勫舰寮忥紝澶у姏鍙戝睍鍥藉鍨勬柇璧勬湰涓讳箟銆傚湪绗簩娆′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樺垵鏈燂紝澧ㄧ储閲屽凹鏀挎潈鎺ョ浜嗗ぇ鎵圭浜轰紒涓氬拰閲嶈鐨勬姇璧勯摱琛屻€傛垬鍚庯紝鏂版斂搴滈櫎浜嗘帴绠″墠鏀垮簻鐨勫浗鏈変紒涓氫箣澶栵紝杩橀€氳繃鍙備笌鍒跺悜绉佷汉鍏徃鍙傝偂锛屼互鎵╁ぇ鍥芥湁缁忔祹鎴愬垎銆傞€愭灏嗛搧璺€佽埅绌恒€佸ぉ鐒舵皵銆佺數淇″拰閭斂鍏ㄩ儴鏀跺綊鍥芥湁銆?span lang="EN-US">1956骞达紝鎰忓ぇ鍒╂斂搴滄垚绔嬪浗瀹跺弬涓庨儴锛岃礋璐ｇ鐞嗗浗绉佹贩鍚堟墍鏈夌殑鑲′唤鍏徃涓殑鍥芥湁鑲★紝鍐冲畾鍥藉鎺ц偂鍏徃鐨勭粡钀ユ柟鍚戯紝浠诲厤鍥藉鎺ц偂鍏徃鐨勯瀵间汉銆傚浗瀹跺弬涓庨儴甯稿姟濮斿憳浼氱敱鎬荤悊鍜屽悇鏈夊叧閮ㄩ暱缁勬垚锛屽喅瀹氬浗瀹舵帶鑲″叕鍙哥殑閲嶅ぇ闂銆傛斂搴滅粡娴庤鍒掑鍛樹細鍜屼骇涓氭斂绛栧鍛樹細閰嶅悎鍙備笌閮ㄧ鐞嗗浗瀹跺弬涓庡埗浼佷笟銆傛剰澶у埄鍥藉鍙備笌鍒剁殑鐗圭偣鏄紝鍑犲澶у瀷鍥藉鎺ц偂鍏徃鍚勮嚜鎺у埗涓€鎵逛簩绾ф帶鑲″叕鍙革紝姣忎釜浜岀骇鎺ц偂鍏徃鍙堝悇鑷帶鍒朵竴鎵逛紒涓氾紝褰㈡垚涓€涓眰灞傛帶鍒剁殑绯荤粺銆備紛鍒╅泦鍥㈠拰鍩冨凹闆嗗洟鏄剰澶у埄鍥藉鍙備笌鍒剁殑涓や釜鍏稿瀷鐨勫法鍨嬫帶鑲″叕鍙搞€備紛鍒╅泦鍥㈡帶鍒剁殑鏈夐摱琛屻€侀挗閾併€佹満姊般€侀€犺埞銆佸熀纭€璁炬柦宸ョ▼銆佺數瀛愩€佺數淇°€佸畤鑸€佸啗宸ャ€佽繍杈撱€侀鍝併€佽秴绾у競鍦虹瓑閮ㄩ棬鐨勪紒涓氥€傛嵁缁熻锛屽湪50骞翠唬锛屾剰澶у埄鍥芥湁浼佷笟澶х害鎺у埗浜嗗叏鍥?span lang="EN-US">20%鐨勬満姊颁骇鍝侊紝40%鐨勫彂鐢甸噺锛?span lang="EN-US">50%鐨勯挗浜ч噺锛?span lang="EN-US">75%鐨勯粦鑹插拰鏈夎壊閲戝睘鐭夸骇鍝侊紝{bfb}鐨勫ぉ鐒舵皵鍜岀叅鐐€?span lang="EN-US">
1950骞达紝寮€濮嬪疄琛屽湡鍦版敼闈╋紝鏀垮簻鏀朵拱鍦颁富鍦熷湴鏈夊伩鍦板垎閰嶇粰鍐滄皯銆傚悓骞村疄琛屼竴椤?span lang="EN-US">15骞寸粡娴庡彂灞曡鍒掞紙1950锝?span lang="EN-US">1965骞达級锛屽浗瀹朵互澶ч噺璧勯噾鏉ヤ績杩涘崡鏂圭粡娴庣殑鍙戝睍锛岀缉灏忓崡鍖楃殑浼犵粺宸窛銆傝繖浜涙帾鏂藉湪涓€瀹氱▼搴︿笂鏈夊姪浜庡浗姘戠粡娴庣殑鎭㈠銆傛剰澶у埄宸ヤ笟鐢熶骇鍒?span lang="EN-US">1949骞村凡杈惧埌鎴樺墠姘村钩锛?span lang="EN-US">1954骞磋秴杩?span lang="EN-US">1939骞寸殑30锛咃綖40锛呫€?span lang="EN-US">
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鎴樺悗锛岃タ寰峰熀鐫ｆ暀姘戜富鑱旂洘鍦ㄧ撼寰?bull;闃跨櫥绾崇殑棰嗗涓嬭繀閫熸墿寮狅紝鍦ㄨタ鏂瑰崰棰嗗尯璁剧珛浜嗗ぇ閲忕粍缁囷紝鍥犺€岃耽寰椾簡鎴樺悗鐨勯€変妇銆?span lang="EN-US">1949骞翠笂鍙扮殑闃跨櫥绾虫斂搴滈潰涓翠弗閲嶇殑缁忔祹鍥伴毦锛屼簩鎴樺悗鏈熺洘鍐涘寰峰浗鏈湡鐨勯挗閾佸伐涓氬熀鍦伴瞾灏斿尯杩涜浜嗗ぇ瑙勬ā鐨勮桨鐐革紝鍩虹璁炬柦鎹熸瘉鐜囬珮杈?span lang="EN-US">80%浠ヤ笂锛屾垬鍚庡垵鏈熷痉鍥介挗閾佸伐涓氱敓浜ц兘鍔涘凡涓嶈冻鎴樺墠鐨?span lang="EN-US">20%銆傞殢鐫€寰峰浗鍒嗚锛屽湪閲嶆儵寰峰浗鐨勮蹇典笅锛屼韩寰?bull;鎽╂牴绱㈢瓑浜哄張鎻愬嚭澶у姏鍓婂噺寰峰浗宸ヤ笟鐨勮鍒掞紝寰峰浗鐨勫鑻忓紓甯歌壈闅俱€傞樋鐧荤撼鏀垮簻浠ュ紬鍏板牎瀛︽淳鐨勭粡娴庣悊璁轰负鎸囧锛屽簾闄や互琛屾斂鎺у埗涓虹壒寰佺殑涓ぎ缁熷埗缁忔祹锛屽缓绔嬩粙浜庤鍒掔粡娴庡拰甯傚満缁忔祹涔嬮棿鐨?ldquo;绀句細甯傚満缁忔祹”銆?span lang="EN-US">
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6鏈?span lang="EN-US">19鏃ヨ壘鍝堝痉閫氳繃鐢靛彴瀹ｅ竷浠锋牸绾︽潫鍜屼箟鍔℃彁渚涙湇鍔＄殑瑙勫畾琚彇娑堬紝闄ゅ涓€浜涗汉姘戠敓娲诲繀闇€鍝佸拰閲嶈鐨勫伐涓氬師鏂欏疄琛屼环鏍肩鍒跺拰閰嶇粰浠ュ锛屽叏闈㈡斁寮€鐗╀环锛屽彇娑堥厤缁欙紝骞朵簬1948骞?span lang="EN-US">11鏈?span lang="EN-US">3鏃ユ斁寮€浜嗗伐璧勫喕缁撱€備环鏍兼敼闈╃殑瀹炶鏄競鍦虹粡娴庡紑濮嬭繍琛岋紝婵€鍙戜簡娑堣垂鍜屾姇璧勪袱鏂归潰鐨勭儹鎯咃紝缁忔祹杩愯娓愬叆鑹€у惊鐜€?span lang="EN-US">
浠?span lang="EN-US">1948骞?span lang="EN-US">7鏈堝紑濮嬶紝鏀垮簻鐩哥户搴熼櫎浜?span lang="EN-US">90%鐨勪环鏍艰瀹氾紝澶ч儴鍒嗙殑鏃ュ父蹇呴渶鍝佸彲浠ヨ嚜鐢辫喘涔般€傚彇娑堥厤缁欏埗鍜屼环鏍肩鍒跺悗锛岄鍝佸拰娑堣垂浠锋牸寮€濮嬩笂娑紝楦¤泲鍦ㄤ竴涓湀鍐呮定浜嗕袱鍊嶏紝鍏朵粬鍟嗗搧寮€濮嬪嚭鐜扮煭缂恒€傜劧鑰岃タ鏂圭洘鍥藉崰棰嗗尯鏀垮簻鐨勬晳娴庨噾鎷ㄦ鍜岄┈姝囧皵璁″垝瀵硅タ寰锋潵璇村挨濡傞洩涓€佺偔銆傞€氳繃椹瓏灏旇鍒掞紝瑗块儴鍏嶈垂寰楀埌浜嗘柊璁惧銆佸師鏉愭枡鍜岄鍝侊紝瑙ｅ喅浜嗙粡娴?ldquo;閫犺鍔熻兘”钖勫急鐨勫洶闅俱€傚悓鏃讹紝椹瓏灏旇鍒掕繕閫氳繃璁剧珛"椹厠瀵圭瓑鍩洪噾"鏉ユ墿澶у叾鑳介噺锛屽嵆鎶婇┈姝囧皵璁″垝鎻村姪娆鹃」杩涘彛鐨勫師鏂欏拰璐х墿锛屽嚭鍞粰瑗垮痉娑堣垂鑰咃紝鎵€寰楁椤瑰啀鐢卞浗瀹堕€氳繃閲嶅缓閾惰锛屼緵缁欑揣寮犻儴闂ㄧ敤浜庢姇璧勩€傚埌1956骞达紝瑗垮痉鍒╃敤杩欑瑪鍩洪噾杩涜鐨勬姇璧勮揪100浜块┈鍏嬶紝鍑犱箮閬嶅強涓€鍒囩粡娴庨儴闂紝浠庤€屽ぇ澶х紦瑙ｄ簡璧勯噾缂轰箯鐨勭姸鍐碉紝鏈夊姏鍦版敼鍠勪簡鏀粯骞宠 銆?span lang="EN-US">
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鐢熶骇钀庣缉銆佷緵缁欎笉瓒崇姸鍐碉紝鍙湁鍙戝睍鐢熶骇銆佹墿澶у氨涓氭墠鑳借В鍐虫牴鏈棶棰樼殑瑙傜偣锛屼絾鍦ㄧ敓浜ф瀬搴﹁悗缂╀笌鎭舵€ч€氳揣鑶ㄨ儉浜掍负鍥犳灉鐨勪袱闅剧姸鍐典笅闇€瑕佷竴涓鐑殑杩囩▼锛屼簬鏄缇庣敵璇疯繘鍙ｇ墿璧勮皥鍒ゆ垚涓哄叧閿殑姝ラ銆傚湪缁忔祹闈复璧勯噾鍜屽師鏉愭枡鐭己涓ら潰澶瑰嚮鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屽唴闃佹€荤悊鍚夌敯鑼備簬1946骞?span lang="EN-US">7鏈堟嫓浼氶害鍏嬮樋鐟燂紝鎭虫眰缇庡浗缃戝紑涓€闈紝绱ф€ユ彺鍔╂棩鏈竴鎵圭墿璧勶紝浠ヤ娇鏃ユ湰娓¤繃闅惧叧銆備絾鏃ユ湰鍑犱箮鏃犳墍涓嶇己锛屾斂搴滃皢鎵€闇€杩涘彛鐨勬暟鐧剧鐗╁搧鍘嬬缉鍒?span lang="EN-US">20绉嶏紝鐒惰€岋紝鍗犻鍐涙€诲徃浠ら儴9鏈?span lang="EN-US">18鏃ョ殑绛斿鏄細鍙互杩涘彛鐩愩€佺敓閾佸拰姹芥补锛屼絾瀵圭粡娴庡鍏磋嚦鍏抽噸瑕佺殑鏄挗鏉愬拰閲嶆补涓ょ鐗╁搧鍗存湭鑾锋壒鍑嗐€傝€屽唴闃佹櫤鍥婂洟璁や负蹇呴』杩涘彛閲嶆补鐢ㄤ簬鐐奸挗锛屽浜х殑閽㈡潗鎶曞叆鐓ょ熆锛岃繖鏍风叅鐐骇閲忎竴骞村唴鍙鍔?span lang="EN-US">30%锛岃揪鍒?span lang="EN-US">3000涓囧惃銆傜叅鐐浜у張鍙互鍙嶈繃鏉ヤ績杩涚偧閽€佺伀鍔涘彂鐢靛強鍖栬偉鐢熶骇鐨勯渶瑕侊紝浣垮伐鍐滀笟鐢熶骇鍑虹幇杞満锛屽浗姘戞€荤敓浜у垯鍙互涓€涓炬仮澶嶅埌1930骞存按骞炽€傜粡杩囧姏鐢筹紝楹﹀厠闃跨憻鍘熷垯鎺ュ彈浜嗗悏鐢扮殑寤鸿锛岃〃绀烘棩鏈鑳戒骇鐓?span lang="EN-US">3000涓囧惃锛岀編鍥藉氨浼氭彁渚涢噸娌广€?span lang="EN-US">
鍚夌敯鍐呴榿鐨勯噸瑕佹櫤鍥婃湁娉藉箍宸筹紝鍦?span lang="EN-US">1946骞?span lang="EN-US">12鏈?span lang="EN-US">10鏃ュ彂琛ㄦ枃绔狅紝璁や负涓嶈В鍐崇敓浜ч棶棰橈紝灏辨棤娉曞疄鐜扮粡娴庣殑澶嶅叴涓庣ǔ瀹氾紝鑰屽伐涓氱敓浜х殑“闅樿矾”鍦ㄤ簬鍘熸潗鏂欎弗閲嶇煭缂恒€傚湪鍥介檯甯傚満琚皝闂殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鍙湁鐓ょ偔鎵嶆槸鍙互鍙戞帢鍒╃敤鐨勫伐涓氬熀纭€鍘熸枡璧勬簮锛屽洜姝わ紝褰撳姟涔嬫€ユ槸“鎶婁竴鍒囩粡娴庢斂绛栭兘闆嗕腑鍦板€炬枩浜庡彂灞曟垜浠兘澶熷缃殑銆佸敮涓€鐨勫熀纭€鎬у師鏂欑叅鐐敓浜т笂”锛屽苟鎶婇€氳繃璁″垝鍜岀粍缁囨潵鎺ㄨ繘鐓ょ偔鐢熶骇鐨勭悊璁虹О浣?ldquo;鍊炬枩鐞嗚”銆傚悓鏈堝垵锛屽崰棰嗗綋灞€缁堜簬鎵瑰噯鏃ユ湰姣忔湀瀵规棩鍑哄彛閲嶆补1.3涓囧崈鍏崌銆?span lang="EN-US">1946骞?span lang="EN-US">12鏈?span lang="EN-US">27鏃ワ紝鍚夌敯鏀垮簻浣滃嚭鍐宠 “鍥藉唴鐨勪竴鍒囨柦绛栧皢闆嗕腑鍦版寚鍚戠叅鐐殑澧炰骇”銆傝繖涓€鍐宠鏍囧織鐫€鏃ユ湰鎴樺悗鏈€鍒濈殑浜т笟鏀跨瓥——鍊炬枩鐢熶骇鏂瑰紡鐨勮癁鐢熴€?span lang="EN-US">
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鐒惰€屽湪1950骞存湞椴滄垬浜夌垎鍙戜箣鍚庯紝鏃ユ湰椹笂鎴愪负浜嗚仈鍚堝浗鍐涘啗浜嬭鍔ㄧ殑涓昏鍩哄湴浠ュ強鍚勭浜у搧鐨勯噸瑕佹潵婧愩€傚鍦?span lang="EN-US">1950骞?span lang="EN-US">6鏈堬紝涓扮敯鐨勫崱杞︿骇閲忔€诲叡鍙湁300杈嗭紝鑰屾垬浜夌殑澶翠竴涓湀锛屼粬浠氨鎺ュ埌浜嗚秴杩?span lang="EN-US">5000杈嗙殑鍐涗簨璁㈠崟銆傚湪鏈濋矞鎴樹簤杩涜鐨勫洓骞存椂闂撮噷锛屾棩鏈粡娴庝粠澶栭儴鑾峰緱浜嗗厖鍒嗙殑娉ㄥ叆璧勯噾锛岃繖瑕佽繙杩滃浜庨偅浜涘弬涓庨┈姝囧皵璁″垝鐨勫浗瀹舵墍鑾峰緱鐨勬彺鍔╄祫閲戞暟棰濄€?span lang="EN-US">
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鍏朵腑瀵逛簬绋冲畾涓婃捣杩欎竴杩滀笢绗竴鍩庡競鐨勭粡娴庣姸鍐垫渶鍏锋湁浠ｈ〃鎬с€傞鍏堬紝鍐涚閮ㄩ棬鍜屾斂搴滐紝鏄庝护涓ョ閲戞潯銆侀摱鍏冦€佸甯佸湪甯傚満涓婅嚜鐢辨祦閫氾紝涓€寰嬬敱浜烘皯閾惰鎸傜墝鏀跺厬锛岃瀹氫汉姘戝竵涓烘儫涓€鍚堟硶璐у竵銆傚悇绉嶇◣鏀躲€佷氦閫氬繀椤讳娇鐢ㄤ汉姘戝竵銆傛墦鍑绘姇鏈烘椿鍔紝鏌ュ皝閲戣瀺涓績涓婃捣璇佸埜澶фゼ锛屽皢鎶曟満鍟?span lang="EN-US">200浣欎汉閫崟娉曞姙銆傞拡瀵逛笂娴锋姇鏈哄晢鍥ょН鍟嗗搧銆佸搫鎶墿浠风殑琛屼负鏇村ソ鍔烇紝鎶婂啘鏉戠殑鐗╄祫鍙婁笢鍖楃瓑鍦扮殑妫夎姳銆佺伯椋熴€佺叅鐐皟闆嗗埌涓婃捣锛屾捣閲忕墿璧勯】鏃跺皢鎶曟満鍟嗗～鍨€?span lang="EN-US">
绋冲畾灞€闈㈠鏄擄紝瀵逛簬褰撴椂鍐滄皯鍏氬憳鍗犲鏁扮殑涓浗鍏变骇鍏氭潵璇达紝鐪熸杩涜宸ヤ笟寤鸿鏄潪甯稿洶闅剧殑銆傚綋鏃跺崕鍖楁湁150涓囧厷鍛橈紝鍏朵腑130涓囨槸鏂囩洸鎴栧崐鏂囩洸銆傚湪棰嗗浜哄憳涓?span lang="EN-US">(鍖哄鍜屽尯濮斾互涓?span lang="EN-US">)锛屽皢杩?span lang="EN-US">50%鐨勪汉娌℃湁鏂囧寲鎴栨枃鍖栦笉楂樸€傝€屼腑鍥芥湰韬殑宸ョ▼鎶€鏈汉鍛樺張鐗瑰埆灏戯紝鑰屼笖缂轰箯鐩稿簲鐨勫煿鍏绘満鍒躲€傛柊涓浗浠庡浗姘戝厷閭ｉ噷鎺ユ敹涓嬫潵鐨勫伐绋嬪笀鍜屼笓瀹舵€诲叡鍙湁2涓囦汉锛屽綋鏃舵渶澶х殑闉嶅北閽㈤搧浼佷笟鐨?span lang="EN-US">70鍚嶅伐绋嬪笀涓湁62鍚嶆槸鏃ユ湰浜猴紝鍦ㄦ棩鏈汉琚仯閫佸洖鍥藉悗锛屾妧鏈汉鍛樺崰璇ヤ紒涓氫汉鍛樻€绘暟鐨勬瘮渚嬪凡缁忛檷鑷?span lang="EN-US">0.24%銆傜洿鍒版仮澶嶆椂鏈熺粨鏉燂紝鍏ㄥ浗涔熶粎鏈?span lang="EN-US">16.4涓囧伐绋嬫妧鏈汉鍛橈紝鍦拌川涓撳鎬诲叡涓嶅埌200浜恒€傛墍浠ュ綋鏃跺彧鑳介€氳繃寮曡繘璁惧銆佹妧鏈€佷汉鎵嶆墠鑳借繀閫熷彂灞曘€?span lang="EN-US">
1950骞达紝鏈濋矞鎴樹簤鐖嗗彂锛岀編涓袱鍥借繘鍏ユ垬浜夌姸鎬侊紝浜庢槸涓浗鍙兘渚濋潬鑻忚仈鐨勫府鍔┿€傚湪鍐涗簨涓婂凡缁忓彇寰楀喅瀹氭€ц儨鍒╃殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鍒樺皯濂囦笌姣涙辰涓滃厛鍚庤鑻忥紝璇锋眰鑻忚仈瀵逛腑鍥藉唴鎴樺悗鐨勫缓璁炬彁渚涙彺鍔┿€傝嫃鑱斿喅瀹氫互璁惧銆佹満鍣ㄥ拰鍚勭鏉愭枡鐨勫晢鍝佸舰寮忓悜涓叡鎻愪緵3浜跨編鍏冭捶娆撅紝鍒╂伅1%锛屼负鏈?span lang="EN-US">5骞淬€傚悓鏃讹紝灏嗕腑鍥戒笉鍐嶄娇鐢ㄧ殑鍏ㄩ儴鍓╀綑鐨勯挩銆侀攽銆侀搮銆侀敗鎻愪緵缁欒嫃鑱旀斂搴?rdquo;锛屾湡闄愪负14骞达紝鍓?span lang="EN-US">4骞翠互鏄撹揣鏂瑰紡鎻愪緵锛屼粠1955骞村紑濮嬩綔涓哄伩杩樿捶娆剧殑渚涜揣銆?span lang="EN-US">
鐢变簬鑻忚仈瑕佹眰鐨勭墿璧勬暟閲忓法澶э紝鍚庢潵搴斾粯鏈濋矞鎴樹簤鐨勯渶瑕侊紝涓浗鍙緱灏嗘湰鏉ュ氨涓嶅鐨勮捶娆句腑鐩稿綋涓€閮ㄥ垎鐢ㄤ簬杩涘彛鍐涗簨鐗╄祫鍜岃澶囷紝鑰屾鏈熺湡姝ｅ湪缁忔祹寤鸿鏂归潰浣跨敤鐨勮嫃鑱旇捶娆惧垯鏄湁闄愮殑銆備緥濡傦紝璐锋鍗忓畾灏氭湭绛惧瓧锛屼腑鍥藉凡缁忔妸1950骞村害6000涓囩編鍏冭捶娆句腑鐨?span lang="EN-US">4000涓囩敤浜庤喘涔伴鏈?span lang="EN-US">(340鏋?span lang="EN-US">)銆佹苯杞︺€侀檷钀戒紴銆侀挗杞?span lang="EN-US">(43089鍚?span lang="EN-US">)銆侀珮灏勭偖銆佺偖寮广€佹苯娌瑰強绌哄啗鍣ㄦ潗绛夊啗浜嬬洰鐨勪簡銆傝嫃鑱旂殑3浜跨編鍏冭捶娆惧湪涓夊勾鎭㈠鏃舵湡涓ぎ鏀垮簻鎬绘姇璧?span lang="EN-US">62.99浜垮厓涓紝鎵€鍗犳瘮渚嬮珮杈?span lang="EN-US">14.3%銆?span lang="EN-US">
涓崕浜烘皯鍏卞拰鍥芥垚绔嬪墠锛屼腑鍥藉叡浜у厷宸茬粡鐪嬪埌浜嗗紩杩涘璧勫拰鎶€鏈澶囩殑閲嶈鎬с€傝涓烘湭鏉ヤ腑鍥藉伐涓氬寲蹇呴』鏈夎嚜鐢变紒涓氬拰澶栧浗璧勬湰鐨勫府鍔╋紝1946骞?span lang="EN-US">12鏈堬紝鑻忚仈澶栬锤閮ㄤ唬琛ㄤ笌涓叡鐨勪笢鍖楄鏀垮鍛樹細杩涜浜嗙涓€娆¤锤鏄撹皥鍒わ紝涓滃寳浠ョ伯椋熴€佺叅鐐悜鑻忚仈鎹㈠彇鍐涚敤鐗╄祫銆佷骇鍝佸拰鍘熸潗鏂欍€傚綋鏃朵富瑕佷负浜嗘垬鏃堕渶瑕侊紝淇涓€浜涢搧璺數绔欙紝杩樿皥涓嶄笂寮曡繘寤鸿銆?span lang="EN-US">
鍦ㄦ仮澶嶆椂鏈燂紝涓浗鐜颁唬宸ヤ笟鍩烘湰寤鸿鐨勬牳蹇冨氨鏄嫃鑱斿府鍔╂彺寤虹殑閲嶇偣椤圭洰锛屽嵆浜轰滑甯告彁鍒扮殑156椤瑰紩杩涘伐绋嬩腑鐨勭涓€鎵?span lang="EN-US">50涓」鐩€傝嫃鑱旀斂搴滅瓟搴斿府鍔╀腑鍥芥彺寤烘仮澶嶇粡娴庢€ラ渶鐨勭叅鐐€佺數鍔涖€侀挗閾併€佹湁鑹查噾灞炪€佸寲宸ャ€佹満姊板拰鍐涘伐閮ㄩ棬鐨?span lang="EN-US">50涓噸鐐归」鐩€?span lang="EN-US">1950-1953骞翠腑鑻忓叡绛捐鎶€鏈垚濂楄澶囪繘鍙ｅ悎鍚?span lang="EN-US">68394涓囧崲甯冿紝3骞寸疮璁″疄闄呰繘鍙?span lang="EN-US">46974涓囧崲甯冿紝瀹屾垚鍚堝悓68.7%銆傝繖瀵逛腑鍥界殑閲嶅伐涓氬拰鍥介槻宸ヤ笟鐨勬瀯寤烘槸鑷冲叧閲嶈鐨勩€?span lang="EN-US">1950-1952骞翠腑鍥借繘鍙ｆ渶澶氱殑鏄伐涓氳澶囧櫒鏉愬強娌硅剛锛堝崰63.7%锛夈€侀搧璺澶囧櫒鏉愬強娌硅剛锛?span lang="EN-US">9.9%锛夈€佷氦閫氶€氳鍣ㄦ潗鍙婃补鑴傦紙7%锛夊拰鍐滀笟鏈哄櫒鍙婄鐣滅苯绉嶏紙4.8%锛夛紝鍏朵腑寰堝閮芥槸涓浗鐢熶骇寤鸿鎬ラ渶鑰岃タ鏂瑰浗瀹朵笉鑲嚭鍗栫殑浜у搧銆備緷鐭虫补宸ヤ笟涓轰緥锛屽缓鍥藉垵浠呮湁鐨勫嚑搴у皬鍨嬬偧娌瑰巶涔熷湪鎴樹簤涓崯姣佷弗閲嶏紝涓€鏃舵棤娉曞惎鍔ㄧ敓浜э紝鍏ㄥ浗鐨勫師娌逛骇閲忓嚑涔庝负闆躲€傚綋鏃惰嫃鑱旀彺寤轰簡鍏板窞鐐兼补鍘傦紝寮€濮嬬敓浜ч儴鍒嗗伐涓氱敤娌广€傚湪鑻忚仈甯姪涓嬶紝涓浗鐭虫补宸ヤ笟浠庢棤鍒版湁锛屽湪涓嶅埌涓ゅ勾鐨勬椂闂撮噷渚胯繀閫熷彂灞曡捣鏉ャ€傚埌1952骞翠腑锛岄噰娌圭偣宸叉墿灞曞埌鍗楃枂鍜屽寳鐤嗗崄鍑犱釜鍦板尯锛屽叡鏈夋补浜?span lang="EN-US">10鍙ｏ紝鏃ヤ骇鍘熸补200鍚紝鐐兼补鑳藉姏涔熸彁楂樺埌鏃ュ鐞?span lang="EN-US">250鍚ㄣ€傚叕鍙歌繕鍩瑰吇鍑轰簡2000澶氬悕浼樼鐨勪腑鍥芥妧鏈汉鍛樺拰鎶€鏈伐浜恒€?span lang="EN-US">
鑻忚仈鍦ㄦ妧鏈汉鎵嶆柟闈㈡彁渚涗簡鏇村甯姪锛屾棭鍦?span lang="EN-US">1948骞村锛岃嫃鑱斿凡缁忔淳閬ｄ笓瀹舵妧鏈皬缁勫埌涓滃寳甯姪淇閾佽矾锛屽埌寤哄浗鍓嶅湪鍗庤嫃鑱斾笓瀹跺凡鏈?span lang="EN-US">600浣欎汉銆傛嵁涓浗妗ｆ鏉愭枡锛岃嚜1950骞磋嚦1953骞村厛鍚庡埌涓浗甯姪缁忔祹寤鸿宸ヤ綔鐨勮嫃鑱斾笓瀹跺叡璁?span lang="EN-US">1093浜恒€傝嫃鑱斾笓瀹跺涓浗缁忔祹鐨勬仮澶嶅拰鍙戝睍璧峰埌浜嗕妇瓒宠交閲嶇殑浣滅敤銆傚湪缁忔祹寤鸿鐨勮捣姝ラ樁娈碉紝涓浗棣栧厛鎰熷埌涓嶈冻鐨勬槸璁捐鍔涢噺锛屽埌1953骞达紝鍏ㄥ浗鎬诲叡鍙湁78涓璁″崟浣嶏紝姣忎釜鍗曚綅涓€鑸兘涓嶈冻500浜恒€備粎璁捐涓撳锛岃嫃鑱斿氨娲炬潵浜?span lang="EN-US">42涓皬缁勶紝鍏朵腑30涓畨鎺掑湪涓滃寳鍦板尯銆傝嫃鑱斾笓瀹惰繕閫氳繃璁茶绛夋柟寮忓悜涓柟浜哄憳浼犳巿缁忛獙鍜屾妧鏈紝鍦ㄥ疄闄呭伐浣滀腑涓轰腑鍥藉煿鍏讳簡澶ф壒鎶€鏈骞诧紝濡?span lang="EN-US">1952骞翠笢鍖楄鍒掔粺璁″共閮?span lang="EN-US">3涓囧浜猴紝鍏堕瀵奸骞插ぇ閮ㄥ垎閮芥槸鑻忚仈涓撳浜茶嚜鍩瑰吇鐨勩€?span lang="EN-US">
鑻忚仈鐨勬彺鍔╋紝浣垮緱涓浗杩欎竴鏃舵湡鐨勫澶栧紩杩涘叿鏈夌┖鍓嶇殑瑙勬ā銆?span lang="EN-US">50骞翠唬锛屼腑鍥藉紩杩涜嫃鑱旀妧鏈澶囨姇璧勫叡璁?span lang="EN-US">76锛?span lang="EN-US">9浜挎棫鍗㈠竷(鎶樺悎浜烘皯甯?span lang="EN-US">73浜垮厓)銆傚悓鏈熷紩杩涗笢娆у悇鍥芥妧鏈澶囨姇璧勫叡璁?span lang="EN-US">30锛?span lang="EN-US">8浜挎棫鍗㈠竷(鎶樺悎浜烘皯甯?span lang="EN-US">29锛?span lang="EN-US">3浜垮厓)銆備互涓婂叡璁?span lang="EN-US">102锛?span lang="EN-US">3浜垮厓锛屾寜50骞翠唬骞村潎缇庡厓姣斾环鎶樺悎40锛?span lang="EN-US">4浜跨編鍏冿紝鎸?span lang="EN-US">1959骞存瘮浠锋姌鍚?span lang="EN-US">39锛?span lang="EN-US">09浜跨編鍏冦€?span lang="EN-US">1949骞翠腑鑻忚锤鏄撻浠呮湁2630涓囩編鍏冿紝1950骞村嵆涓?span lang="EN-US">24190涓囩編鍏冿紝澧為暱8鍊嶅銆傚湪涓浗瀵瑰璐告槗鎬婚涓紝涓嫃璐告槗棰濈殑姣旈噸1949骞村崰绗?span lang="EN-US">3浣嶏紝1950骞村垯璺冨眳绗?span lang="EN-US">1浣嶏紝涓?span lang="EN-US">30%锛?span lang="EN-US">1953骞存洿涓婂崌涓?span lang="EN-US">56.3%銆?span lang="EN-US">
鑻忚仈涓嶄粎浠庤澶囥€佽祫閲戜笂鎻村姪涓浗锛屾洿鐩存帴娲鹃仯鐗规畩鍏电甯姪涓浗鎶楃編鎻存湞鍙婂鍙扮殑鎴樹簤銆傚涓婃捣瑙ｆ斁鍚庯紝鍥芥皯鍏氱┖鍐涘鍩庡競杩涜鐙傝桨婊ョ偢锛屽競鍐?span lang="EN-US">80锛呯殑鐢靛姏渚涘簲琚牬鍧忥紝浣?span lang="EN-US">80%鐨勫伐鍘傚仠浜с€傚湪绉樺瘑杩涘叆涓婃捣鐨勮嫃鑱旂┖鍐涚殑鏀彺涓嬶紝寰堝揩灏嗘潵鐘晫鍐涙尗璐ャ€備负绀句細绋冲畾銆佹仮澶嶇粡娴庢彁渚涗簡淇濋殰銆?span lang="EN-US">
鍗椾含鍥芥皯鍏氭斂搴滄椂鏈燂紝鍦ㄤ腑鍥藉ぇ闄嗕笂鍏变慨寤洪搧璺害13锛?span lang="EN-US">000鍏噷銆?span lang="EN-US">1949骞翠竴骞村叡鎶慨鎭㈠浜?span lang="EN-US">8锛?span lang="EN-US">278鍏噷閾佽矾銆傚埌52骞村簳锛屽叏鍥介搧璺惀涓氶噷绋嬪鍔犲埌22锛?span lang="EN-US">876鍏噷锛屽璐ф崲绠楀懆杞噺杈?span lang="EN-US">802.24浜垮惃鍏噷銆傚湪涓夊勾缁忔祹鎭㈠鏃舵湡(1949—1952骞?span lang="EN-US">),鐩哥户瀹屾垚浜嗘垚娓濄€佸ぉ鍏伴搧璺殑閾鸿建閫氳溅浠诲姟銆傛垚娓濋搧璺紑宸ュ悗锛屾墍闇€鐨勭涓€鎵瑰櫒鏉愬垎閰嶇粰绉佽惀鏈哄櫒鍘傛壙鍒剁殑鏈?span lang="EN-US">500浣欏惃锛屼娇閲嶅簡鍋滃伐宸蹭箙鐨勫皢杩?span lang="EN-US">30瀹跺ぇ涓瀷閽㈤搧鍘傘€佹満鍣ㄥ巶鍙堥噸鏂板紑宸ワ紝骞跺甫鍔?span lang="EN-US">400浣欏灏忓瀷宸ュ巶闄嗙画鎭㈠鐢熶骇銆傛垚娓濋搧璺缁忔祹鎭㈠鏃舵湡鎷夊姩鍐呴渶銆佹墿澶у叕绉佽璐с€佹墿澶у氨涓氥€佹彁楂樹汉姘戠敓娲荤瓑鏂归潰鍙戞尌浜嗛噸瑕佷綔鐢ㄣ€?span lang="EN-US">
1951骞?span lang="EN-US">3鏈堬紝涓浗杩涘嚭鍙ｅ叕鍙稿湪涓浗杩涘彛鍏徃鍜屽崕鍖楄锤鏄撳叕鍙哥殑鍩虹涓婃垚绔嬶紝涓撹惀瀵硅タ鏂瑰浗瀹剁殑璐告槗锛岃繘鍙ｅ浗鍐呯敓浜с€佺敓娲绘€ラ渶鐨勯噸瑕佺墿璧勶紝鏀彺浜嗘柊涓浗鐨勭粡娴庡缓璁俱€備腑鍥戒腑鍖栭泦鍥㈠叕鍙革紙绠€绉颁腑鍖栭泦鍥級鐨勫墠韬腑鍥借繘鍙ｅ叕鍙告垚绔嬩簬 1950骞?span lang="EN-US">3鏈?span lang="EN-US">1鏃ワ紝鏄柊涓浗绗竴瀹朵笓涓氫粠浜嬪澶栬锤鏄撶殑鍥芥湁杩涘嚭鍙ｄ紒涓氥€備簲鍗佸勾浠ｏ紝涓浗杩涘嚭鍙ｅ叕鍙搁檰缁笌鍥涘崄澶氫釜鍥藉鍜屽湴鍖虹殑鏁扮櫨瀹跺鍟嗗缓绔嬩簡璐告槗鍏崇郴锛屽嚭鍙ｅ揩閫熷闀匡紝骞跺紑杈熶簡鍥介檯鐭虫补鍜屽寲宸ュ搧鐨勮繘鍙ｆ笭閬擄紝涓烘垚涓哄浗鍐呯煶娌广€佸寲宸ヨ锤鏄撶殑涓撲笟杩涘嚭鍙ｅ叕鍙告墦涓嬩簡鍩虹銆?span lang="EN-US">
鐢变簬缇庡浗鐨勫皝閿侊紝鍦ㄥ澶栬锤鏄撲笂锛屼富瑕侀噰鐢ㄦ皯闂寸殑鏂瑰紡涓庤タ鏂瑰浗瀹惰繘琛屼竴浜涜锤鏄撱€?span lang="EN-US">1952骞达紝鍦ㄨ帿鏂鍥介檯缁忔祹浼氳涓婏紝涓浗浠ｈ〃鍥笌鑻卞浗銆佽嵎鍏般€佽タ寰枫€佹硶鍥姐€佹瘮鍒╂椂銆佺憺澹€侀敗鍏般€佸嵃灏笺€佸反鍩烘柉鍧︺€佽姮鍏般€佹剰澶у埄绛?span lang="EN-US">10涓浗瀹剁殑宸ュ晢鍥綋鍜屼紒涓氱璁簡璐告槗鍗忚銆傝€屽綋鏃舵湞椴滄垬浜夋鍦ㄨ繘琛屼腑锛岃櫧鐒舵槸鏁伴涓嶅ぇ鐨勯潪姝ｅ紡鐨勫崗璁紝浣嗗鎴戝浗鐨勬仮澶嶅緢閲嶈銆?span lang="EN-US">
1952骞达紝鍗楁眽瀹搁個璇峰弬鍔犱細璁殑鏃ユ湰鍙傝鍛橀珮鑹瘜锛堝コ锛夈€佷紬璁憳甯嗚冻璁°€佸鑵板枩鍔╄闂腑鍥姐€備笁浣嶈鍛樼粫閬撴娲叉潵鍒颁腑鍥斤紝涓庝腑鍥界璁簡鎬婚鍑犲崈涓囩殑涓棩璐告槗鍗忚锛岃繖鏄腑鍏辨墽鏀垮悗澶ч檰绛剧讲鐨勭涓€涓腑鏃ヨ锤鏄撳崗璁紝鏈夐噸瑕佺殑鍘嗗彶鎰忎箟銆?span lang="EN-US">
鍦ㄤ互宸ㄥぇ璐㈠姏鏀寔鎶楃編鎻存湞鎴樹簤鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屾仮澶嶅浗姘戠粡娴庣殑浠诲姟鎻愬墠瀹屾垚銆?span lang="EN-US">1953骞达紝宸ュ啘涓氫富瑕佷骇鍝佺殑浜ч噺瓒呰繃寤哄浗鍓嶆渶楂樻按骞筹紝宸ュ啘涓氭€讳骇鍊兼瘮寤哄浗鍓嶆渶楂樻按骞崇殑1936骞村闀跨櫨鍒嗕箣浜屽崄銆傜粡杩囦笁骞寸粡娴庢仮澶嶆椂鏈燂紝鍥借惀宸ュ晢涓氬拰绉佽惀宸ュ晢涓氱殑姣旈噸鍙戠敓浜嗘牴鏈€х殑鍙樺寲銆傚埌1952骞?span lang="EN-US">9鏈堬紝鍥借惀涓婂崌鍒扮櫨鍒嗕箣鍏崄涓冪偣涓夛紝绉佽惀涓嬮檷鍒扮櫨鍒嗕箣涓夊崄浜岀偣涓冿紝鍥借惀瓒呰繃浜嗙钀ャ€傜钀ュ伐鍟嗕笟宸茬粡寮€濮嬬撼鍏ユ帴鍙楀浗钀ョ粡娴庨瀵肩殑杞ㄩ亾銆?span lang="EN-US">
闄勶細棣欐腐鍦ㄦ棩鍐涘崰棰嗘椂鏈熶腑閬彈浜嗗緢澶ф崯澶便€備簩鎴樺悗锛岄娓€氳繃涓庡ぇ闄嗙殑璐告槗鏈変簡鏋佸ぇ澧為暱锛岃€屽叡浜у厷鎴愮珛鍚庯紝鍦ㄧ粡娴庡皝閿佺殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝棣欐腐涓庡ぇ闄嗙殑璐告槗鎬ュ墽钀庣缉銆傞娓噰鍙栦簡涓€绯诲垪鏀归潻鎺柦锛屽寘鎷墛鍑忚惀涓氱◣銆佸潥鎸佽嚜鐢辨斁浠绘斂绛栫瓑锛岀Н鏋佸彂灞曞埗琛ｄ笟銆佺汉缁囥€佸鑳剁瓑杞诲伐鍒堕€犱笟锛屽姫鍔涗粠璐告槗娓悜璐告槗銆佸伐涓氬苟閲嶏紝骞跺湪涔嬪悗鍑犲崄骞村唴杩呴€熷彂灞曟垚涓轰笘鐣屼笂鎴愬姛鐨勭粡娴庝綋涔嬩竴銆?span lang="EN-US">
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