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鍗氫富濂藉弸
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瀛﹁€呭江闆?鍙戣〃浜?009-4-5 21:57:28
锛? 鈹? 娴忚锛?72      

绗竴绔? 鎴樺悗涓栫晫缁忔祹鐨勫鑻?/span>

涓栫晫閾惰銆佸浗闄呰揣甯佸熀閲戠粍缁囦笌鍏宠锤鎬诲崗瀹氫笁澶у浗闄呯粍缁囩殑寤虹珛鏈夊姪浜庣敓浜у拰璧勬湰鐨勫浗闄呭寲锛屼负鎴樺悗璺ㄥ浗鍏徃鐨勮繀閫熷彂灞曢摵骞充簡閬撹矾銆?span lang="EN-US">

鍦ㄦ嬁鐮翠粦鎴樹簤缁撴潫鍚?span lang="EN-US">, 鑻卞浗鎺屾彙浜嗗叏涓栫晫璐㈠瘜鐨?span lang="EN-US">30% 宸﹀彸銆傝€屼粖澶╋紙浜屾垬缁撴潫鍚庯級, 缇庡浗鍒欐帉鎻′簡澶х害50%銆?mdash;—鑻卞浜ゅぇ鑷h礉鏂?span lang="EN-US">

缇庡浗鍦ㄦ垬鍚庣殑骞翠唬缁欎簡寰堝鍥藉浠ユ彺鍔?span lang="EN-US">, 杩欎簺鎺柦涓嶄粎鍑轰簬浜洪亾涓讳箟鐨勮€冭檻, 鑰屼笖鍦ㄥ緢澶х▼搴︿笂涔熸槸缇庡浗鑷繁鐢熷瓨鐨勯棶棰樸€?mdash;—浼嶅痉·鑹惧閫?span lang="EN-US">

 

涓€銆佹垬鍚庨噾铻嶄笌璐告槗绉╁簭鐨勫缓绔?span lang="EN-US">

浠?span lang="EN-US">1941骞?span lang="EN-US">3鏈?span lang="EN-US">11鏃ュ埌1945骞?span lang="EN-US">12鏈?span lang="EN-US">1鏃ワ紝缇庡浗鏍规嵁“绉熷€熸硶妗?rdquo;鍚戠洘鍥芥彁渚涗簡浠峰€?span lang="EN-US">500澶氫嚎缇庡厓鐨勮揣鐗╁拰鍔冲姟锛岄粍閲戞簮婧愪笉鏂祦鍏ョ編鍥姐€傜編鍥界殑榛勯噾鍌ㄥ澧炲姞鍒?span lang="EN-US">1945骞寸殑200.8浜跨編鍏冿紝绾﹀崰涓栫晫榛勯噾鍌ㄥ鐨?span lang="EN-US">59%銆傜編鍏冪殑鍥介檯鍦颁綅鍥犲叾鍥介檯榛勯噾鍌ㄥ鐨勫法澶у疄鍔涜€岀┖鍓嶇ǔ鍥猴紝杩欏氨浣垮缓绔嬩竴涓互缇庡厓涓烘敮鏌辩殑鏈夊埄浜庣編鍥藉澶栫粡娴庢墿寮犵殑鍥介檯璐у竵浣撶郴鎴愪负鍙兘銆?span lang="EN-US">1937-1948骞达紝缇庡浗鍦ㄨ祫鏈富涔夌粡娴庝腑姣旈噸鐨勫彉鍖栨槸锛氬伐涓氱敓浜х敱42%锛堜负鑻便€佸痉銆佹硶銆佹棩鍥涘浗鎬诲拰鐨?span lang="EN-US">1.3鍊嶏級涓婂崌鍒?span lang="EN-US">53.4%锛堜负涓婅堪鍥涘浗鎬诲拰鐨?span lang="EN-US">2.7鍊嶏級锛涘嚭鍙h锤鏄撶敱14.2%涓婂崌鍒?span lang="EN-US">32.4%銆傞粍閲戝偍澶囩敱50.5%涓婂崌鍒?span lang="EN-US">74.5%銆?span lang="EN-US">

浜庢槸缇庡浗渚濋潬鍏跺伐涓氱敓浜с€佸浗闄呰锤鏄撳拰榛勯噾鍌ㄥ绛夋柟闈㈢殑浼樺娍锛屼績鎴愬悇鍥藉缓绔嬩互缇庡厓涓轰腑蹇冪殑鍥介檯璐у竵浣撶郴锛岃繖灏辨槸甯冮浄椤挎.鏋楀崗瀹氥€傚啀鍔犱笂1947骞寸璁㈢殑鍏宠锤鎬诲崗瀹氾紝鍏卞悓缁勬垚浜嗘垬鍚庝笘鐣岄噾铻嶄笌璐告槗鐨勭З搴忋€傜編鍥藉笇鏈涘湪鏂扮殑閲戣瀺涓庤锤鏄撶З搴忎笅涓诲鎴樺悗鐨勪笘鐣岀粡娴庯紝淇濊瘉鑷繁鍦ㄥ眳浜庝笘鐣岀粡娴庣殑鏍稿績鍦颁綅鐨勫悓鏃讹紝杩樿兘澶熷緱鍒伴暱鏈熺殑缁忔祹鍙戝睍銆?span lang="EN-US">

浣嗗綋鏃惰嫳鍥戒粛鏄笘鐣屼富瑕佸偍澶囪揣甯佷箣涓€锛屽浗闄呰锤鏄?span lang="EN-US">40%宸﹀彸鏄敤鑻遍晳缁撶畻锛岀壒鎯犲埗涓庤嫳闀戝尯渚濇棫瀛樺湪锛岃嫳鍥藉湪涓栫晫涓婅繕淇濇寔鐫€鐩稿綋閲嶈鐨勫湴浣嶃€傚洜姝わ紝1943骞达紝缇庡浗璐㈡斂閮ㄥ畼鍛樻€€鐗瑰拰鑻卞浗璐㈡斂閮ㄩ【闂嚡鎭╂柉鍒嗗埆浠庢湰鍥藉埄鐩婂嚭鍙戯紝璁捐鎴樺悗鍥介檯璐у竵閲戣瀺浣撶郴锛屾彁鍑轰簡涓や釜涓嶅悓鐨勮鍒掞紝鍗?ldquo;鎬€鐗硅鍒?rdquo; 鍜?ldquo;鍑仼鏂鍒?rdquo;銆?span lang="EN-US">

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1944骞?span lang="EN-US">7 鏈堬紝鍦ㄧ編鍥芥柊缃曞竷浠€灏斿窞鐨勫竷闆烽】妫灄鍙紑鏈?span lang="EN-US">44涓浗瀹跺弬鍔犵殑鑱斿悎鍥戒笌鑱旂洘鍥藉鍥介檯璐у竵閲戣瀺浼氳锛岄€氳繃浜嗕互“鎬€鐗硅鍒?rdquo;涓哄熀纭€鐨?ldquo;鑱斿悎鍥藉璐у竵閲戣瀺浼氳鐨勬渶鍚庡喅璁功”浠ュ強“鍥介檯璐у竵鍩洪噾缁勭粐鍗忓畾”鍜?ldquo;鍥介檯澶嶅叴寮€鍙戦摱琛屽崗瀹?rdquo;涓や釜闄勪欢锛屾€荤О涓?ldquo;甯冮浄椤挎.鏋楀崗瀹?rdquo;銆傚缓绔嬩簡閲戞湰浣嶅埗宕╂簝鍚庣殑绗簩涓浗闄呰揣甯佷綋绯汇€?span lang="EN-US">

鍦ㄨ繖涓€浣撶郴涓編鍏冧笌榛勯噾鎸傞挬锛岀編鍥芥壙鎷呬互瀹樹环鍏戞崲榛勯噾鐨勪箟鍔°€傚悇鍥借揣甯佷笌缇庡厓鎸傞挬锛岀編鍏冨浜庝腑蹇冨湴浣嶏紝璧蜂笘鐣岃揣甯佺殑浣滅敤銆傚疄闄呮槸涓€绉嶆柊閲戞眹鍏戞湰浣嶅埗锛屽湪甯冮浄椤胯揣甯佷綋鍒朵腑锛岄粍閲戞棤璁哄湪娴侀€氳繕鏄湪鍥介檯鍌ㄥ鏂归潰鐨勪綔鐢ㄩ兘鏈夋墍闄嶄綆锛岃€岀編鍏冩垚涓轰簡杩欎竴浣撶郴涓殑涓昏銆備絾鍥犱负榛勯噾鏄ǔ瀹氳繖涓€璐у竵浣撶郴鐨勬渶鍚庡睆闅滐紝鎵€浠ラ粍閲戠殑浠锋牸鍙婃祦鍔ㄩ兘浠嶅彈鍒拌緝涓ユ牸鐨勬帶鍒讹紝鍚勫浗绂佹灞呮皯鑷敱涔板崠榛勯噾锛屽競鍦烘満鍒堕毦浠ユ湁鏁堝彂鎸ヤ綔鐢ㄣ€傛垬鍓嶈嫳缇庢硶涓夊浗閮藉厑璁稿眳姘戝厬鎹㈤粍閲戯紝浣嗘垬鍚庣編鍥藉彧鍚屾剰澶栧浗鏀垮簻鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭潯浠朵笅鍏戞崲榛勯噾锛岃€屼笉鍏佽澶栧浗灞呮皯鐢ㄧ編鍏冨悜缇庡浗鍏戞崲榛勯噾锛涗鸡鏁﹂粍閲戝競鍦哄湪璇ヤ綋绯诲缓绔嬪崄骞村悗鎵嶅緱浠ユ仮澶嶃€?span lang="EN-US">

杩欎竴鍗忓畾濂犲畾浜嗕笘鐣屾湭鏉ュ崐涓笘绾殑鍙戝睍鍩虹銆傚悓鏃讹紝涓栫晫涔熻〃绀轰簡缇庡浗鍦ㄤ笘鐣岄噾铻嶇殑涓诲鍦颁綅銆備絾鏄紝鐢卞竷闆烽】妫灄浼氳璇炵敓鐨勪袱涓満鏋?mdash;—涓栫晫閾惰鍜屽浗闄呰揣甯佸熀閲戠粍缁囦粛鐒跺湪涓栫晫璐告槗鍜岄噾铻嶆牸灞€涓彂鎸ョ潃鑷充负閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€傚墠鑰呮彁渚涗腑闀挎湡淇¤捶鏉ヤ績杩涙垚鍛樺浗缁忔祹澶嶈嫃锛涘悗鑰呰€呰礋璐e悜鎴愬憳鍥芥彁渚涚煭鏈熻祫閲戝€熻捶锛岀洰鐨勪负淇濋殰鍥介檯璐у竵浣撶郴鐨勭ǔ瀹氥€?span lang="EN-US">

甯冮浄椤挎.鏋椾綋绯荤殑瀹炶川鏄缓绔嬩竴绉嶄互缇庡厓涓轰腑蹇冪殑鍥介檯璐у竵浣撶郴銆傚叾鍩烘湰鍐呭鏄編鍏冧笌榛勯噾鎸傞挬锛屽叾浠栧浗瀹剁殑璐у竵涓庣編鍏冩寕閽╋紝瀹炶鍥哄畾姹囩巼鍒跺害銆傜編鍥介€氳繃璧犱笌銆佷俊璐枫€佽喘涔板鍥藉晢鍝佸拰鍔冲姟绛夊舰寮忥紝鍚戜笘鐣屾暎鍙戜簡澶ч噺缇庡厓锛屽瑙備笂璧峰埌鎵╁ぇ涓栫晫璐拱鍔涚殑浣滅敤銆傚悓鏃讹紝鍥哄畾姹囩巼鍒跺湪寰堝ぇ绋嬪害涓婃秷闄や簡鐢变簬姹囩巼娉㈠姩鑰屽紩璧风殑鍔ㄨ崱锛屽湪涓€瀹氱▼搴︿笂绋冲畾浜嗕富瑕佸浗瀹剁殑璐у竵姹囩巼锛屾湁鍒╀簬鍥介檯璐告槗鐨勫彂灞曘€?span lang="EN-US">

甯冮浄椤挎.鏋椾綋绯诲舰鎴愬悗锛屽熀閲戠粍缁囧拰涓栫晫閾惰鐨勬椿鍔ㄥ涓栫晫缁忔祹鐨勬仮澶嶅拰鍙戝睍璧蜂簡涓€瀹氱殑绉瀬浣滅敤銆備竴鏂归潰锛屽熀閲戠粍缁囨彁渚涚殑鐭湡璐锋鏆傛椂缂撳拰浜嗘垬鍚庤澶氬浗瀹剁殑鏀舵敮鍗辨満锛屼篃淇冭繘浜嗘敮浠樺姙娉曚笂鐨勭ǔ姝ヨ嚜鐢卞寲銆傚彟涓€鏂归潰锛屼笘鐣岄摱琛屾彁渚涘拰缁勭粐鐨勯暱鏈熻捶娆惧拰鎶曡祫涓嶅悓绋嬪害鍦拌В鍐充簡浼氬憳鍥芥垬鍚庢仮澶嶅拰鍙戝睍缁忔祹鐨勮祫閲戦渶瑕併€傛澶栵紝鍩洪噾缁勭粐鍜屼笘鐣岄摱琛屽湪鎻愪緵鎶€鏈彺鍔╋紝寤虹珛鍥介檯缁忔祹璐у竵鐨勭爺绌惰祫鏂欏強浜ゆ崲璧勬枡鎯呮姤绛夋柟闈㈠涓栫晫缁忔祹鐨勬仮澶嶄笌鍙戝睍涔熻捣鍒颁簡涓€瀹氫綔鐢ㄣ€?span lang="EN-US">

鍏崇◣涓庤锤鏄撴€诲崗瀹氾紝绠€绉板叧璐告€诲崗瀹氭垨鎬诲崗瀹氾紝鏄湪缇庡浗鐨勭瓥鍔ㄤ笅鐢?span lang="EN-US">23涓浗瀹朵簬1947骞?span lang="EN-US">10鏈?span lang="EN-US">30鏃ュ湪鏃ュ唴鐡︾璁㈠苟浜?span lang="EN-US">1948骞存寮忕敓鏁堢殑鍏充簬璋冩暣缂旂害鍥藉澶栬锤鏄撴斂绛栧拰鍥介檯璐告槗鍏崇郴鏂归潰鐨勭浉浜掓潈鍒┿€佷箟鍔$殑鍥介檯澶氳竟鍗忓畾銆傚悇缂旂害鍥芥湰鐫€鎻愰珮鐢熸椿姘村钩銆佷繚璇佸厖鍒嗗氨涓氥€佷繚闅滃疄闄呮敹鍏ュ拰鏈夋晥闇€姹傜ǔ瀹氬闀裤€佸厖鍒嗗埄鐢ㄤ笘鐣岃祫婧愩€佹墿澶у晢鍝佺敓浜у拰浜ゆ崲銆佷績杩涚粡娴庡彂灞曠殑鐩殑锛屾潵澶勭悊瀹冧滑鍦ㄨ锤鏄撳拰缁忔祹鍙戝睍鏂归潰鐨勭浉浜掑叧绯伙紝褰兼鍑忚鍏崇◣锛屽彇娑堝悇绉嶈锤鏄撳鍨掑拰姝ц鎬у緟閬囷紝瀹炵幇璐告槗鑷敱鍖栥€?span lang="EN-US">1947.4-1947.10杈炬垚45000椤瑰晢鍝佺殑鍏崇◣鍑忚锛屼娇鍗犺繘鍙e€?span lang="EN-US">54%鐨勫晢鍝佸钩鍧囬檷浣庡叧绋?span lang="EN-US">35%銆?span lang="EN-US">1949.4-1949.10杈炬垚杩?span lang="EN-US">5000椤瑰晢鍝佺殑鍏崇◣鍑忚锛屼娇搴斿緛绋庤繘鍙e€?span lang="EN-US">56%鐨勫晢鍝佸钩鍧囬檷浣庡叧绋?span lang="EN-US">35%銆?span lang="EN-US">1950.9-1951.4杈炬垚杩?span lang="EN-US">9000椤瑰晢鍝佺殑鍏崇◣鍑忚锛屼娇鍗犺繘鍙e€?span lang="EN-US">11.7%鐨勫晢鍝佸钩鍧囬檷浣庡叧绋?span lang="EN-US">26%銆傛娲蹭簲澶у浗1951骞寸殑鍑哄彛鍗虫瘮1946骞村闀夸簲鍊嶅锛屽疄闄呬骇鍑轰篃澧為暱浜?span lang="EN-US">1.5鍊嶃€?span lang="EN-US">

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涓轰簡瑙e喅杩欎簺闂锛屽啘姘戝嚭韬殑鏉滈瞾闂紝 20涓栫邯鍞竴涓€涓粠鏈笂杩囧ぇ瀛︾殑缇庡浗鎬荤粺锛屼簬1945骞?span lang="EN-US">9鏈?span lang="EN-US">6鏃ュ悜鍥戒細鎻愪氦浜嗙涓€涓唴鏀块棶棰樼殑缁煎悎鎬у挩鏂囷紝鍜ㄦ枃鍏辨湁21鐐癸紝鍏朵腑鐨勫悇椤瑰缓璁寘鎷簡鍏钩鏂芥斂鐨勫熀鏈唴瀹癸細鏈€浣庡伐璧勩€佸厖鍒嗗氨涓氥€佷綇鎴块棶棰樼瓑銆傚叕骞虫柦鏀跨殑鏈川杩樻槸缃楁柉绂忔柊鏀跨殑缁х画锛岃繕鏄互鏂版斂鎵€渚濇嵁鐨勫嚡鎭╂柉涓讳箟鎵€涓诲紶鐨勫浗瀹跺瀯鏂祫鏈富涔夌悊璁轰负鍩虹锛屼富瑕佷緷闈犳斂搴滃共棰勶紝閲囧彇璧ゅ瓧璐㈡斂绛夋墜娈垫潵瑙e喅閫氳揣鑶ㄨ儉鍜屽け涓氶棶棰樸€?span lang="EN-US">

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涓轰簡瑙e喅鎴樻椂宸ヤ笟鍚戝拰骞崇粡娴庤浆鍙樺甫鏉ョ殑缁忔祹鍗辨満锛屾斂搴滀篃閲囧彇浜嗕竴浜涘姙娉曪紝榧撳姳绉佷汉浼佷笟鎶曡祫绉瀬鎬э紝1945骞?span lang="EN-US">11鏈堝浗浼氬噺绋庤繎60浜跨編鍏冿紝1946骞?span lang="EN-US">1鏈堝張搴熼櫎瓒呴鍒╂鼎绋庛€傚悓鏃讹紝缇庡浗鏀垮簻杩樺粔浠峰嚭鍞€绘姇璧勮揪150浜跨編鍏冦€佺害鍗犲叏鍥藉伐涓氱敓浜ц兘鍔?span lang="EN-US">20%鐨勬暟鐧句釜鍥借惀鍐涘伐宸ュ巶缁欑浜哄瀯鏂粍缁囥€傚埌1945骞?span lang="EN-US">11搴曪紝93%鐨勫啗鐢ㄥ伐鍘傚凡缁忛噸鏂版敼涓烘皯鐢ㄥ伐鍘傘€?span lang="EN-US">

涓轰簡鎺у埗閫氳揣鑶ㄨ儉锛屽噺灏戞垬浜夋湡闂寸殑璐㈡斂璧ゅ瓧銆傛潨椴侀棬鏀垮簻瀹炶浜?ldquo;琛ュ伩鎬ц储鏀挎斂绛?rdquo;銆傚湪鎴樺悗鍒濇湡閲囧彇浜嗕袱椤规帾鏂斤細涓€鏄€ュ墽鍓婂噺鍐涜垂鏀嚭锛岀敱鎴樻椂鏈€楂樼偣1945骞寸殑812浜跨編鍏冿紝鍓婂噺鍒?span lang="EN-US">1948骞存垬鍚庣殑鏈€浣庣偣118浜跨編鍏冦€備簩鏄€ュ墽鍑忓皯鍥藉鍩烘湰寤鸿鎶曡祫銆傞殢鐫€鍐涜垂寮€鏀拰鍩烘湰寤鸿鎶曡祫鐨勫ぇ閲忓噺灏戯紝鍥藉璐㈡斂鏀舵敮鎯呭喌绔嬪嵆濂借浆锛?span lang="EN-US">1945骞磋仈閭﹁储鏀胯丹瀛楅珮杈?span lang="EN-US">450浜跨編鍏冿紝 1947骞磋仈閭︽敹鍏ヨ秴杩囨敮鍑?span lang="EN-US">66浜跨編鍏冿紝鑷粠1931骞翠互鏉ョ涓€娆″疄鐜拌储鏀挎敹鏀钩琛★紝骞舵湁澶ч噺鐩堜綑銆?span lang="EN-US">

鎴樺悗缇庡浗鏀垮簻涓昏杩愮敤璐㈡斂鍜岄噾铻嶆墜娈靛璧勬湰涓讳箟鐨勫啀鐢熶骇杩涜骞查鐨勫共棰勶紝鑰屽緢灏戝疄琛屽伐涓氬浗鏈夊寲锛岀編鍥戒负鏁颁笉澶氱殑鍥芥湁浼佷笟涓昏鏄敤鍥藉棰勭畻寤虹珛鐨勩€傜編鍥藉湪鎴樺悗澶у姏鎵舵绉佷汉璧勬湰鐨勫彂灞曪紝灏嗗ぇ閲忕殑鍥芥湁浼佷笟鍜岃祫浜у粔浠峰湴鍑哄敭缁欑浜哄強鍨勬柇璧勬湰銆傚浜屾垬鏈熼棿鐢辨斂搴滄姇璧勫缓绔嬩簡2000澶氬鍐涚敤浼佷笟锛屾垬鍚庤繖浜涗紒涓氱殑澶ч儴鍒嗭紝浠ュ師鎶曡祫棰濈殑1/2鑷?span lang="EN-US">1/4鐨勪綆浠峰崠缁欎簡鎽╂牴銆佹潨閭︾瓑璐㈠洟鎵€灞炵殑澶у叕鍙革紝褰撴椂杩樻浘鎸夊師浠风殑15%鎶婂ぇ閲忚繍杈撳伐鍏峰崠缁欑浜轰紒涓氥€?span lang="EN-US">

缇庡浗涓轰簡缁存寔楂樺嚭鍙f按骞筹紝涓嶅崟鍦?ldquo;鎻村”椤圭洰涓嬮€氳繃鍥藉璐拱杩涜鍑哄彛锛岃繕瀵规煇浜涚編鍥戒骇鍝佺殑鍑哄彛瀹炶琛ヨ创銆傚湪“鎻村”椤圭洰涓嬫彁渚涚殑鍑哄彛鍦ㄧ編鍥藉嚭鍙f瘮閲嶄腑锛?span lang="EN-US">1949骞村崰46锛咃紝50骞翠唬鍗?span lang="EN-US">30锛呭乏鍙炽€傛澶栵紝缇庡浗鏀垮簻杩橀€氳繃鍦ㄥ叏鍥借寖鍥村唴寤虹珛绉戠爺鍜屾暀鑲茬綉鐐癸紝鎺ㄨ绀句細淇濋殰鏀跨瓥绛夛紝鍦ㄧ紦鍜屽浗鍐呴樁绾х煕鐩剧殑鍚屾椂锛岃繘涓€姝ヤ績杩涚敓浜у姏鐨勫彂灞曘€?span lang="EN-US">

閫氳繃涓€绯诲垪鐨勬斂绛栧拰娉曞緥鐨勫埗璁笌瀹炴柦锛岀編鍥芥槑纭湴鎶婄綏鏂鏂版斂鐨勬€濇兂缁ф壙浜嗕笅鏉ワ紝骞跺啓鍏ュ浗瀹舵硶寰嬨€傛垬鍚庣編鍥界粡娴庝笉浣嗗疄鐜颁簡鎴樻椂鍚戝拰骞宠浆鍙樼殑杞潃闄嗐€傛垬鍚庣編鍥芥秷璐规枃鍖栫儹搴︽彁楂橈紝濡傚姹借溅鐨勬秷璐癸紝鍦?span lang="EN-US">1950骞达紝鍏ㄧ悆姹借溅淇濇湁閲?span lang="EN-US">6900涓囪締锛岀編鍥戒负5000涓囪締锛岀編鍥芥苯杞︿骇閲忓崰涓栫晫浜ч噺鐨?span lang="EN-US"> 80% 銆?span lang="EN-US">

铏界劧鏉滈瞾闂ㄦ斂搴滈噰鍙栦簡涓€绯诲垪鐨勫姫鍔涳紝浣嗘嵁缇庡浗鍟嗗姟閮ㄧ粺璁?span lang="EN-US">, 1947骞寸編鍥藉嚭鍙f€婚涓?span lang="EN-US">145浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">,鍗犲浗姘戠敓浜ф€诲€肩殑7%銆傝€岀編鍥藉伐涓氱殑鐢熶骇鑳藉姏鍗磋姹傚伐涓氬搧鍑哄彛鑷冲皯鍗犲浗姘戠敓浜ф€诲€肩殑20%銆傚彟涓€鏂归潰锛屾娲插垯鎴愪负涓€鐗囧簾澧燂紝姘戜紬娴佺澶辨墍锛岀粡娴庢按骞冲€掗€€鑷充簩鎴樺墠銆傛垬鍚庣殑绗簩涓啲澶╋紝渚挎湁姘戜紬鍐绘浜嬩欢鍙戠敓锛屾娲茬粡娴庣敓娲婚櫡鍏ュ墠鎵€鏈湁鐨勫洶闅撅紝鎵€浠ユ€ラ渶澶ч噺鐨勫晢鍝佽緭鍏ワ紝鍗村張鑻︿簬缂轰箯璧勯噾锛屾棤鍔涜繘鍙c€傛墍浠ワ紝瀵瑰鏁戞祹銆佹彺鍔╁拰璐锋鎴愪负缇庡浗鍜屼笘鐣岀殑鍏卞悓鍛煎0銆?span lang="EN-US">

浼楀缇庡浗浼佷笟闇€瑕佸湪璐告槗鑷敱鏀跨瓥涓嬪紑杈熺殑鏂板競鍦烘潵鑾峰緱鍒╂鼎銆傝櫧鐒舵鏃剁殑娆ф床閲嶅缓涔熸闇€瑕佹潵鑷編鍥界殑浜у搧锛屼絾杩樻病鏈変粠浜屾垬鐨勯槾褰变腑璧板嚭鐨勬娲蹭汉娌℃湁瓒冲鐨勭編鍏冩潵杩涘彛杩欎簺蹇呴渶鐗╄祫銆備笌姝ゅ悓鏃讹紝鍥介檯璐у竵鍩洪噾缁勭粐鍜屽浗闄呭鍏村紑鍙戦摱琛岀殑淇¤捶鏈哄埗宸叉棤娉曞簲浠樿タ娆х殑澶ч璐告槗璧ゅ瓧銆傚墠鑰呭彧鑳藉閫氳繃涓€浜涙暟鐩笉鏄緢澶х殑璐锋锛屽府鍔╂娲茶В鍐崇煭鏈熷唴鐨勮丹瀛楅棶棰樸€傝嚦浜庨噸瑕佺殑璐㈡斂鍜岄噸寤洪棶棰橈紝浠栦滑灏辨棤鑳戒负鍔涗簡銆?span lang="EN-US">1943骞村悓鐩熷浗鎴愮珛浜嗚仈鍚堝浗鏁戞祹鎬荤讲锛岃繖涓€鍥介檯鏈烘瀯绱ц窡鍦ㄥ啗闃熺殑鍚庨潰锛屽悜宸茬粡瑙f斁鐨勫浗瀹舵彁渚涘悇绉嶆晳娴庯紝鐩村埌鏂扮殑鍥芥皯鏀垮簻鑳借礋璧疯矗浠绘椂涓烘銆傝缁勭粐鍒?span lang="EN-US">1948骞?span lang="EN-US">9鏈堟椂瑙f暎鏃讹紝宸蹭负鍚勫浗鎻愪緵浜嗕富瑕佹簮鑷編鍥?span lang="EN-US">2200涓囧惃鐗╄祫锛屽寘鎷鐗┿€佽。鏈嶅拰鑽搧銆備絾杩欒繙杩滀笉鑳芥弧瓒冲悇鍥芥仮澶嶇粡娴庡彂灞曠殑闇€瑕併€?span lang="EN-US">

鍥犳缇庡浗灏卞紑濮嬮€氳繃澶氱閫斿緞鍚戞娲叉彁渚涙墍璋撶殑“缇庡厓淇¤捶”锛?span lang="EN-US">dollar credits锛夛紝鏉ュ府鍔╂娲茶В鍐宠繖浜涢棶棰樸€備綔涓哄澶栨彺鍔╀笌璐锋锛岀編鍥?span lang="EN-US">1948 骞村澶栨彺鍔╁崰褰撳勾鍥芥皯鐢熶骇鎬诲€肩害2% , 1949 骞寸敋鑷抽珮杈?span lang="EN-US">3.12%锛岃繙楂樹簬鍚庢潵鑱斿悎鍥借姹傜殑0.17%锛?span lang="EN-US">1946—1952 骞磋储鏀垮勾搴︾編鍥藉勾骞冲潎澶栨彺320 浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">(浠?span lang="EN-US">1989 骞寸編鍏冧环璁$畻)銆傚湪绗簩娆′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樺悗鍗佷綑骞翠腑, 缇庡浗瀵瑰缁忔祹鎻村姪鎬婚璁¤揪500.3 浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">, 鍏朵腑璧犱笌鎬х粡娴庡拰鎶€鏈彺鍔?span lang="EN-US">371.6浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">, 璐锋101 缇庡厓, 鍏跺畠鎻村姪27.7 浜跨編鍏冦€傚彈鎻村璞¢亶鍙婁笘鐣屼簲澶ф床100 澶氫釜鍥藉鍜屽湴鍖恒€傚叾涓娲?span lang="EN-US">282.77浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">, 浜氭床167.3 浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">, 鎷夌編26.62 浜跨編鍏?span lang="EN-US">, 鍏跺畠鍦板尯14.82 浜跨編鍏冦€傝€屽娆ф床鐨勬彺鍔╀富瑕侀€氳繃椹瓏灏旇鍒掞紝鎵€浠ュ畠涔熻绉颁负娆ф床澶嶅叴璁″垝銆?span lang="EN-US">

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鏇撮噸瑕佺殑鏄伐鍏氭斂搴滀簬19451951骞村彂鍔ㄤ簡鑻卞浗绗竴娆″浗鏈夊寲娴疆锛屽皢閲嶈宸ヤ笟涓庡叕鍏变簨涓氬浗鏈夊寲锛屽苟灏嗚嫳鏍煎叞閾惰锛堝ぎ琛岋級鏀跺綊鍥芥湁銆傜敱浜庢垬鍚?span lang="EN-US">,鑻卞浗缁忔祹閬埌鎴樹簤涓ラ噸鐮村潖,绉佷汉璧勬湰鏃犲姏璐熸媴宸ヤ笟鎭㈠鍜岄潻鏂版墍闇€瑕佺殑宸ㄩ鎶曡祫锛岃揩鍒囪姹傚浗瀹舵姇璧勯噸寤轰竴浜涘熀纭€宸ヤ笟鍜屽熀纭€璁炬柦銆傝嫳鍥藉湪宸ュ厷棰嗗涓嬪疄鏂界殑澶ц妯$殑鍥芥湁鍖栨帾鏂芥墍閬囬樆鍔涜緝灏忥紝浣嗚嫳鍥介挗閾佸伐涓氬埄娑︾巼楂橈紝鎵€浠ュ弽瀵瑰浗鏈夊寲鐨勫娍鍔涗竴搴﹀崰涓婇锛屼絾缁堢┒杩樻槸鍥芥湁鍖栦簡銆傚湪鑹惧痉绀兼斂搴滅殑鍔姏涓嬶紝閾惰銆佺數鍔涖€佺數淇°€侀挗閾併€佺叅鐭裤€侀搧璺互鍙婂煄甯傚叕鐢ㄤ簨涓氱瓑鏀跺綊鍥芥湁锛岃€屼粠浜嬭繖浜涜涓氱殑璧勬湰瀹朵篃浠庢斂搴滆幏寰楀ぇ閲忎紭鍘氱殑琛ュ伩閲戯紝鐢ㄤ簬鍏朵粬鏈夊埄鍙浘鐨勯儴闂ㄣ€傚鑻卞浗鐨勭叅鐭胯鏀跺綊鍥芥湁鍚庯紝鐭夸富鑾峰緱浜?span lang="EN-US">4浜胯嫳闀戠殑琛ュ伩锛岃秴杩囦簡鐭夸簳鍘熸湁浠峰€笺€傝嫳鏍煎叞閾惰鍘熻祫鏈€婚涓?span lang="EN-US">1450涓囪嫳闀戯紝鍥芥湁鍖栧悗璇ヨ鑲′笢寰楀埌鐨勫浗瀹惰祹涔拌瘉鍒搁珮鍑哄競鍦轰环10%銆傚浗鏈夊寲宸ヤ笟閮ㄩ棬鐨勪紒涓氱鐞嗘潈锛屽疄闄呬笂浠嶇劧淇濇寔鍦ㄨ祫鏈鎵嬮噷銆傚浗鏈夊寲鍙栧緱浜嗕竴绯诲垪绉瀬鐨勬晥鏋滐紝鍒?span lang="EN-US">1951骞村伐鍏氭斂搴滀笅鍙版椂锛屽浗鏈夊寲浼佷笟鍗犲叏鍥戒紒涓氭€绘暟鐨?span lang="EN-US">20%宸﹀彸銆傜叅鐐€佺數鍔涖€佽繍杈撶瓑宸ヤ笟鍦ㄥ浗鏈夊寲鍚庨兘鏈夋墍鏀瑰杽銆傚埌1947骞寸叅鐐伐涓氬凡涓嶉渶瑕佹斂搴滄触璐达紝杩樹笂缂村ぇ閲忓埄娑︺€傞搧璺繍杈撲互鍓嶆瘡骞翠簭鎹熻揪1600澶氫竾鑻遍晳锛屽浗鏈夊寲4骞村悗锛屾壄浜忎负鐩堬紝骞朵笖涓婄即浜?span lang="EN-US">9290涓囪嫳闀戠殑鍒╂鼎銆?span lang="EN-US">

鏀垮簻缂栧埗鍜屽疄鏂界粡娴庤鍒掞紱鍔犲己瀵硅储鏀裤€侀噾铻嶃€佽锤鏄撳拰閮ㄥ垎鐢熶骇棰嗗煙鐨勭鐞嗗拰鎺у埗銆傞€氳繃杩欎簺鏀跨瓥锛岃嫳鍥界粡娴庨€愭鎭㈠锛屼簬1950骞村闀跨巼杈惧埌4锛呫€傚悗鏉ヤ繚瀹堝厷涓婂彴锛屼篃鎺ュ彈鍥芥湁鍖栫殑鐜板疄锛屽苟缁х画鎺ㄨ绂忓埄鏀跨瓥锛屽悓鏃跺姞寮虹浜轰紒涓氱粡娴庯紝寮鸿皟甯傚満绔炰簤鐨勪綔鐢紝鍑忓皯鏀垮簻骞查缁忔祹鐨勬椿鍔ㄣ€備簬鏄嫳鍥界粡娴庣殑鍙戝睍鏄剧ず鍑虹浜轰紒涓氫笌鍥芥湁鍖栫浉缁撳悎銆佸浗瀹惰鍒掍笌甯傚満缁忔祹鐩哥粨鍚堛€佸浗瀹跺共棰勪笌鑷敱绔炰簤鐩哥粨鍚堢殑鐗瑰緛銆?span lang="EN-US">

 

娉曞浗缁忔祹瀛﹀銆佺ぞ浼氭椿鍔ㄥ璁?bull;鑾瀵逛簬鎭㈠缁忔祹鍜岃鍒掑埗璁㈡湁鐫€瓒呬箮鎯宠薄鐨勬墠鑳斤紝浠栨浘缁忓懆娓镐笘鐣岋紝鍦ㄤ竴鎴樹腑鎻愬嚭鑻辨硶鐩镐簰鍒╃敤璧勬簮鐨勮鍒掞紝涓鸿嫳娉曡仈鍐涚殑鑾疯儨璧峰埌涓€瀹氫綔鐢紝骞跺洜姝よ€岀煡鍚嶃€備竴鎴樺悗浠栧張鏇惧府鍔╂尝鍏板拰缃楅┈灏间簹绋冲畾璐у竵锛屾湰浜轰篃浠庝簨涓€浜涢噾铻嶅晢涓氾紝瀵逛笘鐣岄噾铻嶆湁寰堟繁鎺ヨЕ銆備粬杩樺湪1934-1936骞存湡闂村埌涓浗甯姪鍥芥皯鍏氭斂搴滄瀯寤洪搧璺繍杈撶綉缁溿€備簩鎴樺悗锛屼粬璁や负 “锛堟垬鍚庯級娉曞浗鐨勫競鍦虹粡娴庡皻鏈垚鐔燂紝缁忔祹杩愪綔涓嶅簲浜ょ粰甯傚満鑰屾槸鐢辨斂搴滆礋璐?rdquo;銆?span lang="EN-US">

浜屾垬鍓嶅鐨?span lang="EN-US">1936骞达紝娉曞浗鏀垮簻涓轰簡搴斿鐖嗗彂鎴樹簤鐨勫▉鑳侊紝瀵逛竴鎵瑰伐涓氫紒涓氳繘琛屼簡鍥芥湁鍖栵紝鍖呮嫭閾佽矾銆侀鏈哄埗閫犲拰鍐涘伐鍘傜瓑銆傝€屼簩鎴樻湡闂达紝娉曞浗鍨勬柇璧勬湰瀹朵滑80%鐨勫伐涓氫紒涓氶兘鍦ㄦ寜寰峰浗鐨勮鍗曠敓浜с€傚湪鎴樹簤缁撴潫鍓嶏紝鎴撮珮涔愮瓑浜哄氨璁炬兂鎴樺悗灏嗚繖浜涗紒涓氬浗鏈夊寲锛屾棤鍋挎病鏀舵垬鏃朵笌寰峰浗绾崇补鍚堜綔鐨勫瀯鏂祫鏈€?span lang="EN-US">

鍦ㄨ繖绉嶆€濇兂鎸囧涓嬶紝娉曞浗涓夊厷鑱斿悎鏀垮簻浜?span lang="EN-US">1946骞寸‘瀹氫簡澶ц妯″疄鏂戒紒涓氬浗鏈夊寲銆佺粡娴庤鍒掑寲鍜屽缓璁剧鍒╁浗瀹剁殑鍙戝睍鏂归拡銆傛斂搴滈€氳繃鎻愰珮鍥芥湁浼佷笟姣旈噸鍜屽埗瀹氱粡娴庤鍒掞紝瀵圭ぞ浼氱粡娴庤繘琛屽叏闈㈡寚瀵煎拰璋冭妭锛屽苟涓斿埄鐢ㄨ储鏀裤€佺◣鏀躲€佷环鏍肩瓑鎵嬫锛屼娇璁″垝杈惧埌棰勬湡鐩殑銆傚苟涓斿缓绔嬬ぞ浼氱鍒╁埗搴︼紝涓哄ぇ浼楁彁渚涘熀鏈敓娲讳繚闅溿€?span lang="EN-US">

1945骞?span lang="EN-US">1鏈?span lang="EN-US">16鏃ワ紝娉曞浗涓存椂鏀垮簻灏嗘垬鏃朵笌娉曡タ鏂悎浣滅殑闆疯姹借溅鍏徃鏀跺綊鍥芥湁锛岃矾鏄?bull;闆疯鍦ㄥ叕鍙镐腑鎷ユ湁鐨?span lang="EN-US">98%鐨勮偂浠藉潎鎴愪负鍥藉璐骇銆傜洰鍓嶏紝鍥借惀闆疯鍏徃鏄硶鍥芥渶澶х殑宸ュ晢涓氬瀯鏂泦鍥箣涓€锛屾苯杞﹀埗閫犱笟鏈€澶х殑鍨勬柇闆嗗洟銆傞浄璇烘苯杞﹀叕鍙哥殑鍥芥湁鎷夊紑浜嗕簩鎴樺悗娉曞浗鐨勫浗鏈夊寲搴忓箷銆傛硶鍥芥煋鏂欏叕鍙搞€佺數褰卞伐涓氬拰鍥借惀鎶ヤ笟鍏徃浠ュ強鍥涘ぇ鍌ㄨ搫閾惰鍜屼繚闄╁叕鍙稿潎鏀跺綊鍥芥湁銆備粠1945骞?span lang="EN-US">12鏈堣捣锛屾硶鍏拌タ閾惰鎴愪负鍥藉閾惰銆?span lang="EN-US">

1946骞?span lang="EN-US">5鏈堬紝娉曞浗姝e紡棰佸竷澶ц妯?ldquo;鍥芥湁鍖?rdquo;娉曚护锛屽鐓ょ偔銆佺數鍔涘拰杩愯緭绛夊熀纭€宸ヤ笟瀹炶鍥芥湁锛屽叾涓寘鎷硶鍥界叅鐭垮叕鍙搞€佹硶鍥界叅姘斿叕鍙搞€佹硶鍥界數鍔涘叕鍙搞€佹硶鍥借埅绌哄叕鍙搞€佹硶鍥藉ぇ瑗挎磱鑸┖鍏徃绛夈€傚洓澶у偍钃勯摱琛岀殑搴撳嫆鎻?bull;閲岀害鍐呫€佺編瀛氱ぞ銆佸叏鍥芥墦鎶橀摱琛屼笌宸ュ晢琛屽彉鎴愬反榛庡浗绔嬮摱琛屻€佷繚闄╁叕鍙搞€侀瞾璇哄叕绀俱€侀鏈哄彂鍔ㄦ満鍒堕€犲紑鍙戝叕绀撅紝浣滀负鍥芥湁浼佷笟鍙備笌缁忔祹娲诲姩銆傚埌1946骞村簳锛屽浗瀹跺崰鏈夎偂鏉冨湪50%浠ヤ笂鐨勫叕鍙稿凡杈惧埌130瀹讹紝娉曞浗鍥芥湁浼佷笟鍦ㄨ兘婧愰鍩熺殑姣旈噸楂樿揪90%锛屽湪閲戣瀺棰嗗煙鐨勬瘮閲嶆帴杩?span lang="EN-US">50%銆傛斂搴滅粰浜堝浗鏈夊寲浼佷笟鍘熻祫鏈澶ч噺琛ュ伩閲戯紝鍥芥湁鍖栦紒涓氱鐞嗘潈瀹為檯涓婁粛鐒舵搷绾靛湪璧勬湰瀹舵墜涓€傚浗瀹跺鍥芥湁鍖栦紒涓氬ぇ閲忔姇璧勪互淇冭繘宸ュ啘涓氱敓浜х殑鎭㈠鍜屽彂灞曘€?span lang="EN-US">

涓轰簡鎸叴缁忔祹锛屾硶鍥芥斂搴滄垚绔嬩簡浠ヨ•鑾涓洪鐨勫浗瀹惰鍒掓€荤讲锛屽埗瀹氥€佸疄鏂戒簡钁楀悕鐨?ldquo;鐜颁唬鍖栦笌瑁呭璁″垝”锛屽紑鍒涗簡姝ゅ悗寤剁画鏁板崄骞村浗瀹剁粡娴庤鍒掔殑鍏堟渤锛屼负寤剁画鑷充粖鐨勬硶鍥界粡娴庢ā寮忔墦涓嬩簡娣辨繁鐨勭儥鍗般€傛垬鍚庣粡娴庨噸寤哄垵鏈燂紝缁忔祹璁″垝甯︽湁杈冩祿閲嶇殑鏀垮簻骞查鑹插僵锛屽璁″垝瑙勫畾浜嗗悇绉嶆暟閲忕洰鏍囷紝鏀垮簻閫氳繃绋庢敹鍙備笌鍥芥皯鏀跺叆鍐嶅垎閰嶈繃绋嬶紝闆嗕腑宸ㄩ璧勯噾瀵逛紭鍏堝彂灞曢儴闂ㄧ粰浜堣储鏀挎敮鎸併€傝•鑾璐熻矗鍒跺畾浜嗙涓€涓?span lang="EN-US">7骞磋鍒?span lang="EN-US">(1947-1953骞?span lang="EN-US">)锛屾妸閲嶇偣鏀惧湪鍩虹浜т笟閮ㄩ棬锛屽皢鐓ょ偔銆佺數鍔涖€侀挗閾併€佹按娉ャ€佽繍杈撱€佸啘涓氭満姊拌澶囩‘瀹氫负浼樺厛鍙戝睍瀵硅薄锛屽鍩虹浜т笟瀹炶鎶曡祫鍊炬枩鏀跨瓥锛屾彁楂樺伐涓氭妧鏈澶囩幇浠e寲姘村钩锛屾敞閲嶆妧鏈敼閫犮€傚浗瀹跺杩欎簺鍩虹宸ヤ笟閮ㄩ棬瀹炶璁″垝璋冭妭锛屼互鏂版妧鏈澶囧苟浣夸箣鐜颁唬鍖栥€傜敱浜庤繖涓€璁″垝寰楀埌椹瓏灏旇鍒掔殑鎻村姪锛屾墍浠ヨ緝涓洪『鍒╋紝娉曞浗宸ヤ笟鐢熶骇鎭㈠杈冨揩銆傚埌1948骞达紝鏁翠釜娉曞浗宸ヤ笟鐨勪骇閲忚揪鍒版垬鍓?span lang="EN-US">1938骞寸殑姘村钩銆傚挨鍏舵槸鐢靛姏宸ヤ笟锛?span lang="EN-US">1949骞村叏鍥藉彂鐢靛氨杈惧埌303浜垮害銆?span lang="EN-US">

娉曞浗涓婂眰涓婂+鎰忚瘑鍒帮紝娉曞浗鏃犳硶闃绘尅寰峰浗鐨勫鍏达紝浜庢槸娉曞浗澶栭暱鑸掓浖浜?span lang="EN-US">1950骞存彁鍑虹敱璁?bull;鑾绛変汉鍒惰鐨?ldquo;鑸掓浖璁″垝”锛屾硶寰峰叡鍚岀粡钀ヤ袱鍥界殑鐓ょ偔鍜岄挗閾侊紝骞跺厤闄ゅ叧绋庛€傜敱浜庡痉鍥介瞾灏斿尯姝e湪琚垬鑳滃浗鍗犻鍜屾媶杩佽澶囷紝杩欎竴鎻愯鏃犵枒鏄悜寰峰浗浣滃嚭鍠勬剰鐨勫拰骞抽個璇凤紝瑗垮痉鎬荤悊闃跨櫥绾崇珛鍗冲悓鎰忔璁″垝銆備簬鏄娲茬叅閽㈠叡鍚屼綋鍦ㄨ垝鏇艰鍒掔殑鍩虹涓婃垚绔嬶紝鎴愬憳鍥藉叡鍚屾帉鎻$叅鐐€侀挗閾佺瓑鎴樹簤鐗╄祫锛屼竴鏂归潰淇濋殰鍐呴儴鍜屽钩锛屽彟涓€鏂归潰涔熶负鎴樺悗閲嶅缓鎻愪緵鐢熶骇璧勬枡涓婄殑淇濊瘉銆傛硶鍥戒笌寰峰浗绛夋娲插叚鍥戒竴璧凤紝杩愮敤缇庡浗鏀垮簻鐨勯┈姝囧皵璁″垝鍩洪噾杩涜杩愪綔锛屽叡鍚屼綋棣栦换涓诲腑鐢辫•鑾鎷呬换锛岃繖涓€缁勭粐鍙互绉板緱涓婃槸鍥介檯绀句細涓讳箟銆傚湪姝ゆ€濇兂鐨勫熀纭€涓婏紝娆ф床閫愭铻嶄负涓€浣撱€?span lang="EN-US">

 

闃垮皵濂戝痉•鍔犳柉璐濆埄鍦ㄥⅷ绱㈤噷灏肩粺娌绘湡闂磋鍏冲叆鐩戠嫳锛屽悗缁忔暀浼氳惀鏁戝埌姊佃拏鍐堢殑鍥句功棣嗗伐浣滐紝浜?span lang="EN-US">1943骞寸粍缁囦簡鍩虹潱鏁欐皯涓诲厷锛屾彁鍑轰簡鎴樺悗閲嶅缓鐨勯棶棰樸€備簩鎴樼粨鏉熷悗锛屼粬棰嗗鐨勫熀鐫f暀姘戜富鍏氬湪鎰忓ぇ鍒╄浼氶€変妇涓幏寰楁垚鍔熴€傛剰澶у埄閫氳繃鍏ㄦ皯閫変妇锛屽簾闄や簡鍚涗富鍒躲€傛垬鍚庯紝鍩虹潱鏁欐皯涓诲厷闀挎湡鎵ф斂锛屼絾璁細涓叡浜у厷鍗犳湁閮ㄥ垎甯綅銆傜敱浜庡熀鐫f暀姘戜富鍏氬湪璁細涓病鏈夌粷瀵瑰鏁帮紝鍚屾椂锛屽厷鍐呮淳绯绘枟浜夋縺鐑堬紝鍥犺€屾斂搴滄洿杩绻併€備粠1945骞村埌1960骞寸殑15骞翠腑锛屽氨鏈?span lang="EN-US">16灞婂唴闃併€備絾闃垮皵濂戝痉•鍔犳柉璐濆埄椤哄埄鍦版墽鏀胯揪鍏勾涔嬩箙锛屾垚涓烘剰澶у埄鎴樺悗澶嶈嫃杩囩▼涓殑涓昏浜虹墿銆傚熀鐫f暀姘戜富鍏氫笌姊佃拏鍐堝叧绯诲瘑鍒囷紝濂夎浜茬編鏀跨瓥銆?span lang="EN-US">1948骞达紝鎰忓ぇ鍒╀笌缇庡浗绛捐鍙嬪ソ閫氬晢鑸捣鏉$害锛屾帴鍙楅┈姝囧皵璁″垝锛屽苟浜庢骞村姞鍏ュ寳绾︾粍缁囥€?span lang="EN-US">

鎰忓ぇ鍒╁彈鍒颁弗閲嶇殑鎴樹簤鐮村潖锛屾崯澶变簡绾︿笁鍒嗕箣涓€鐨勫浗姘戣储瀵屻€?span lang="EN-US">1946骞?span lang="EN-US">10鏈堢殑宸ヤ笟鍝佷骇閲忓彧鐩稿綋浜庢垬鍓嶇殑70锛咃紝瀵瑰璐告槗瀹屽叏涓柇銆傛剰澶у埄涓уけ浜嗗叏閮ㄦ畺姘戝湴銆傛垬鍚庯紝鎰忓ぇ鍒╁緱鍒扮編鍥界殑鎻村姪锛岀粡娴庢仮澶嶅拰鍙戝睍姣旇緝杩呴€熴€傛垬鍚庡崄骞寸編鍥藉鎰忕粡娴庢彺鍔╁叡杈?span lang="EN-US">54浜跨編鍏冿紝鍏朵腑椹瓏灏旇鍒掔殑鎻村姪涓?span lang="EN-US">13.17浜跨編鍏冦€?span lang="EN-US">

鎰忓ぇ鍒╂斂搴滈噰鍙栧浗瀹舵帶鑲″叕鍙稿拰“鍥芥湁浼佷笟”鐨勫舰寮忥紝澶у姏鍙戝睍鍥藉鍨勬柇璧勬湰涓讳箟銆傚湪绗簩娆′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樺垵鏈燂紝澧ㄧ储閲屽凹鏀挎潈鎺ョ浜嗗ぇ鎵圭浜轰紒涓氬拰閲嶈鐨勬姇璧勯摱琛屻€傛垬鍚庯紝鏂版斂搴滈櫎浜嗘帴绠″墠鏀垮簻鐨勫浗鏈変紒涓氫箣澶栵紝杩橀€氳繃鍙備笌鍒跺悜绉佷汉鍏徃鍙傝偂锛屼互鎵╁ぇ鍥芥湁缁忔祹鎴愬垎銆傞€愭灏嗛搧璺€佽埅绌恒€佸ぉ鐒舵皵銆佺數淇″拰閭斂鍏ㄩ儴鏀跺綊鍥芥湁銆?span lang="EN-US">1956骞达紝鎰忓ぇ鍒╂斂搴滄垚绔嬪浗瀹跺弬涓庨儴锛岃礋璐g鐞嗗浗绉佹贩鍚堟墍鏈夌殑鑲′唤鍏徃涓殑鍥芥湁鑲★紝鍐冲畾鍥藉鎺ц偂鍏徃鐨勭粡钀ユ柟鍚戯紝浠诲厤鍥藉鎺ц偂鍏徃鐨勯瀵间汉銆傚浗瀹跺弬涓庨儴甯稿姟濮斿憳浼氱敱鎬荤悊鍜屽悇鏈夊叧閮ㄩ暱缁勬垚锛屽喅瀹氬浗瀹舵帶鑲″叕鍙哥殑閲嶅ぇ闂銆傛斂搴滅粡娴庤鍒掑鍛樹細鍜屼骇涓氭斂绛栧鍛樹細閰嶅悎鍙備笌閮ㄧ鐞嗗浗瀹跺弬涓庡埗浼佷笟銆傛剰澶у埄鍥藉鍙備笌鍒剁殑鐗圭偣鏄紝鍑犲澶у瀷鍥藉鎺ц偂鍏徃鍚勮嚜鎺у埗涓€鎵逛簩绾ф帶鑲″叕鍙革紝姣忎釜浜岀骇鎺ц偂鍏徃鍙堝悇鑷帶鍒朵竴鎵逛紒涓氾紝褰㈡垚涓€涓眰灞傛帶鍒剁殑绯荤粺銆備紛鍒╅泦鍥㈠拰鍩冨凹闆嗗洟鏄剰澶у埄鍥藉鍙備笌鍒剁殑涓や釜鍏稿瀷鐨勫法鍨嬫帶鑲″叕鍙搞€備紛鍒╅泦鍥㈡帶鍒剁殑鏈夐摱琛屻€侀挗閾併€佹満姊般€侀€犺埞銆佸熀纭€璁炬柦宸ョ▼銆佺數瀛愩€佺數淇°€佸畤鑸€佸啗宸ャ€佽繍杈撱€侀鍝併€佽秴绾у競鍦虹瓑閮ㄩ棬鐨勪紒涓氥€傛嵁缁熻锛屽湪50骞翠唬锛屾剰澶у埄鍥芥湁浼佷笟澶х害鎺у埗浜嗗叏鍥?span lang="EN-US">20%鐨勬満姊颁骇鍝侊紝40%鐨勫彂鐢甸噺锛?span lang="EN-US">50%鐨勯挗浜ч噺锛?span lang="EN-US">75%鐨勯粦鑹插拰鏈夎壊閲戝睘鐭夸骇鍝侊紝{bfb}鐨勫ぉ鐒舵皵鍜岀叅鐐€?span lang="EN-US">

1950骞达紝寮€濮嬪疄琛屽湡鍦版敼闈╋紝鏀垮簻鏀朵拱鍦颁富鍦熷湴鏈夊伩鍦板垎閰嶇粰鍐滄皯銆傚悓骞村疄琛屼竴椤?span lang="EN-US">15骞寸粡娴庡彂灞曡鍒掞紙1950锝?span lang="EN-US">1965骞达級锛屽浗瀹朵互澶ч噺璧勯噾鏉ヤ績杩涘崡鏂圭粡娴庣殑鍙戝睍锛岀缉灏忓崡鍖楃殑浼犵粺宸窛銆傝繖浜涙帾鏂藉湪涓€瀹氱▼搴︿笂鏈夊姪浜庡浗姘戠粡娴庣殑鎭㈠銆傛剰澶у埄宸ヤ笟鐢熶骇鍒?span lang="EN-US">1949骞村凡杈惧埌鎴樺墠姘村钩锛?span lang="EN-US">1954骞磋秴杩?span lang="EN-US">1939骞寸殑30锛咃綖40锛呫€?span lang="EN-US">

 

濂ュ湴鍒╁湪绗簩娆′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樻湯鏈熸憜鑴变簡寰峰浗娉曡タ鏂粺娌伙紝閲嶆柊寤虹珛鍏卞拰鍥姐€傚ゥ鍦板埄浜烘皯鍏氬拰绀句細姘戜富鍏氳仈鍚堟墽鏀裤€傛垬鍚庡垵鏈燂紝濂ュ湴鍒╂斂搴滃湪鍏ㄥ浗鑼冨洿鍐呭箍娉涘湴鎺ㄨ鍥芥湁鍖栥€備竴鏂归潰锛屽皢鎴樼姱銆侀€氭晫鍒嗗瓙鐨勪紒涓氬拰娉曡タ鏂痉鍥藉湪濂ュ湴鍒╃殑浼佷笟鏀跺綊鍥芥湁锛涘彟涓€鏂归潰锛岄€氳繃璧庝拱鎴栬ˉ鍋挎斂绛栧皢閲嶈琛屼笟鐨勭浜轰紒涓氬浗鏈夊寲銆傚埌1978骞达紝鍥芥湁浼佷笟鍦ㄧ叅鐐€佺煶娌广€佸ぉ鐒舵皵銆佺數鍔涖€侀挗閾併€佹苯杞︺€侀搧璺€佽埅绌恒€侀偖鏀裤€佺數淇$瓑琛屼笟涓殑姣旈噸鍏ㄩ兘楂樿揪{bfb}銆傜浜轰紒涓氫富瑕佸瓨鍦ㄤ簬鍐滀笟銆侀鍝佸姞宸ャ€佹灄涓氥€侀€犵焊銆佺汉缁囧拰鏈嶈銆侀ギ鏂欍€佹壒鍙戝拰闆跺敭鍟嗕笟銆傚湪鎵€鏈夎タ鏂瑰浗瀹朵腑锛屽ゥ鍦板埄鏄浗鏈夊寲绋嬪害鏈€楂樼殑鍥藉銆?span lang="EN-US">

鍚屾牱鏂借鍥芥湁鍖栫瓥鐣ョ殑杩樻湁浜氭床鍥藉锛屽鍗板害鏀垮簻鑷?span lang="EN-US">1951骞磋捣瀹炶鐨勫伐涓氱敓浜ц鍙瘉鍒跺害锛屽苟浜?span lang="EN-US">1956骞村疄琛屼紭鍏堝彂灞曞浗钀ラ噸宸ヤ笟鎴樼暐,鎶婇噸宸ヤ笟銆佸浗闃插伐涓氬拰鍩虹宸ヤ笟鍒掑綊鍥借惀,瀵圭钀ュぇ璐㈠洟鍦ㄦ壎妞嶇殑鍚屾椂鍔犱互闄愬埗銆傚嵃搴﹀湪1957骞村悗锛屽湡鍦板紑鍙戜篃鐢卞浗瀹跺瀯鏂€?span lang="EN-US">

闄や笂杩板浗瀹朵箣澶栵紝涓嶅悓绋嬪害鍦板疄琛屽浗鏈夊寲鐨勮繕鏈夋瘮鍒╂椂銆佽タ鐝墮銆佽憽钀勭墮銆佽嵎鍏般€佺憺鍏哥瓑鍥藉銆傞偅涔堬紝杩欎簺鍥芥湁鍖栨帾鏂藉強绀句細鍏氫笂鍙版槸姘戜富绀句細涓讳箟鐨勬垚鍔熷疄璺佃繕鏄祫鏈富涔夊浗瀹跺瀯鏂樁娈碉紵鏈枃璁や负锛屾妸鍏崇郴姘戠敓鐨勭粡娴庨棶棰樹笂鍗囧埌鏀挎不鎰忚瘑褰㈡€侀鍩熸潵鐮旂┒鐨勭幇瀹炴剰涔変笉澶э紝鍥犺€屽姝や笉浣滆璁恒€傝€屽浜庢柊鎴愮珛鐨勭ぞ浼氫富涔夊浗瀹剁殑涓浗鏉ヨ锛屽浗鏈夊寲涓嶄粎浠呮槸涓€绉嶇粡娴庢墜娈垫垨涓€椤圭粡娴庢斂绛栵紝鑰屾洿鏄竴椤逛娇鍛芥垨鍩烘湰浠诲姟銆?span lang="EN-US">

 

鎴樺悗锛岃タ寰峰熀鐫f暀姘戜富鑱旂洘鍦ㄧ撼寰?bull;闃跨櫥绾崇殑棰嗗涓嬭繀閫熸墿寮狅紝鍦ㄨタ鏂瑰崰棰嗗尯璁剧珛浜嗗ぇ閲忕粍缁囷紝鍥犺€岃耽寰椾簡鎴樺悗鐨勯€変妇銆?span lang="EN-US">1949骞翠笂鍙扮殑闃跨櫥绾虫斂搴滈潰涓翠弗閲嶇殑缁忔祹鍥伴毦锛屼簩鎴樺悗鏈熺洘鍐涘寰峰浗鏈湡鐨勯挗閾佸伐涓氬熀鍦伴瞾灏斿尯杩涜浜嗗ぇ瑙勬ā鐨勮桨鐐革紝鍩虹璁炬柦鎹熸瘉鐜囬珮杈?span lang="EN-US">80%浠ヤ笂锛屾垬鍚庡垵鏈熷痉鍥介挗閾佸伐涓氱敓浜ц兘鍔涘凡涓嶈冻鎴樺墠鐨?span lang="EN-US">20%銆傞殢鐫€寰峰浗鍒嗚锛屽湪閲嶆儵寰峰浗鐨勮蹇典笅锛屼韩寰?bull;鎽╂牴绱㈢瓑浜哄張鎻愬嚭澶у姏鍓婂噺寰峰浗宸ヤ笟鐨勮鍒掞紝寰峰浗鐨勫鑻忓紓甯歌壈闅俱€傞樋鐧荤撼鏀垮簻浠ュ紬鍏板牎瀛︽淳鐨勭粡娴庣悊璁轰负鎸囧锛屽簾闄や互琛屾斂鎺у埗涓虹壒寰佺殑涓ぎ缁熷埗缁忔祹锛屽缓绔嬩粙浜庤鍒掔粡娴庡拰甯傚満缁忔祹涔嬮棿鐨?ldquo;绀句細甯傚満缁忔祹”銆?span lang="EN-US">

1949骞?span lang="EN-US">9鏈?span lang="EN-US">20鏃ヨ壘鍝堝痉琚换鍛戒负涓鸿仈閭︾粡娴庡拰鍔冲伐閮ㄩ暱锛屼富鎸佺粡娴庡鑻忎簨瀹溿€?span lang="EN-US">1944骞磋矾寰风淮甯?bull;鑹惧搱寰峰氨鍙戣〃浜嗕竴绡囬涓恒€婃垬浜夎储鏀垮拰鍊哄姟宸╁浐銆嬬殑鏂囩珷锛屽湪杩欑瘒鏂囩珷涓粬鍋囪寰峰浗鎴樿触骞惰€冭檻鎴樺悗缁忔祹閲嶅缓鐨勯棶棰樸€?span lang="EN-US">1948骞翠粬琚换鍛戒负鑻辩編鍙屾垬鍖虹粡娴庝富绠°€備粬鐨勭粡娴庢斂绛栦富寮犺甯傚満鍏呭垎鍙戞尌璋冭妭浣滅敤锛涘悓鏃讹紝鏀垮簻寤虹珛瀹屽杽鐨勭ぞ浼氫繚闅滃埗搴︼紝淇濋殰浜烘皯鐨勫熀鏈敓娲汇€傞檺鍒跺瀯鏂涓猴紝淇濇姢绔炰簤绉╁簭銆傚疄琛岀ǔ瀹氱殑璐㈡斂鏀跨瓥鍜岃揣甯佹斂绛栥€傜敤鏀跺叆鏀跨瓥鏉ュ疄鐜扮浉瀵圭殑绀句細鍏钩銆傛洿閲嶈鐨勬槸锛岀編鍥界瓑鐩熷浗瀵瑰痉鍥界粡娴庨噸寤虹殑瑙傚康闅忕潃娆ф床鏃跺眬鐨勫彂灞曟湁浜嗛噸澶ц浆鍙橈紝涓洪噸鎸痉鍥界粡娴庯紝瑗垮痉鏀垮簻鍦ㄨタ鏂圭殑鏀寔涓嬶紝浠ョぞ浼氬競鍦虹粡娴庢€濇兂涓烘寚瀵硷紝杩涜浜嗗ぇ鑳嗙殑鍏ㄩ潰缁忔祹鏀归潻銆?span lang="EN-US">

6鏈?span lang="EN-US">19鏃ヨ壘鍝堝痉閫氳繃鐢靛彴瀹e竷浠锋牸绾︽潫鍜屼箟鍔℃彁渚涙湇鍔$殑瑙勫畾琚彇娑堬紝闄ゅ涓€浜涗汉姘戠敓娲诲繀闇€鍝佸拰閲嶈鐨勫伐涓氬師鏂欏疄琛屼环鏍肩鍒跺拰閰嶇粰浠ュ锛屽叏闈㈡斁寮€鐗╀环锛屽彇娑堥厤缁欙紝骞朵簬1948骞?span lang="EN-US">11鏈?span lang="EN-US">3鏃ユ斁寮€浜嗗伐璧勫喕缁撱€備环鏍兼敼闈╃殑瀹炶鏄競鍦虹粡娴庡紑濮嬭繍琛岋紝婵€鍙戜簡娑堣垂鍜屾姇璧勪袱鏂归潰鐨勭儹鎯咃紝缁忔祹杩愯娓愬叆鑹€у惊鐜€?span lang="EN-US">

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绋冲畾灞€闈㈠鏄擄紝瀵逛簬褰撴椂鍐滄皯鍏氬憳鍗犲鏁扮殑涓浗鍏变骇鍏氭潵璇达紝鐪熸杩涜宸ヤ笟寤鸿鏄潪甯稿洶闅剧殑銆傚綋鏃跺崕鍖楁湁150涓囧厷鍛橈紝鍏朵腑130涓囨槸鏂囩洸鎴栧崐鏂囩洸銆傚湪棰嗗浜哄憳涓?span lang="EN-US">(鍖哄鍜屽尯濮斾互涓?span lang="EN-US">)锛屽皢杩?span lang="EN-US">50%鐨勪汉娌℃湁鏂囧寲鎴栨枃鍖栦笉楂樸€傝€屼腑鍥芥湰韬殑宸ョ▼鎶€鏈汉鍛樺張鐗瑰埆灏戯紝鑰屼笖缂轰箯鐩稿簲鐨勫煿鍏绘満鍒躲€傛柊涓浗浠庡浗姘戝厷閭i噷鎺ユ敹涓嬫潵鐨勫伐绋嬪笀鍜屼笓瀹舵€诲叡鍙湁2涓囦汉锛屽綋鏃舵渶澶х殑闉嶅北閽㈤搧浼佷笟鐨?span lang="EN-US">70鍚嶅伐绋嬪笀涓湁62鍚嶆槸鏃ユ湰浜猴紝鍦ㄦ棩鏈汉琚仯閫佸洖鍥藉悗锛屾妧鏈汉鍛樺崰璇ヤ紒涓氫汉鍛樻€绘暟鐨勬瘮渚嬪凡缁忛檷鑷?span lang="EN-US">0.24%銆傜洿鍒版仮澶嶆椂鏈熺粨鏉燂紝鍏ㄥ浗涔熶粎鏈?span lang="EN-US">16.4涓囧伐绋嬫妧鏈汉鍛橈紝鍦拌川涓撳鎬诲叡涓嶅埌200浜恒€傛墍浠ュ綋鏃跺彧鑳介€氳繃寮曡繘璁惧銆佹妧鏈€佷汉鎵嶆墠鑳借繀閫熷彂灞曘€?span lang="EN-US">

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鍦ㄦ仮澶嶆椂鏈燂紝涓浗鐜颁唬宸ヤ笟鍩烘湰寤鸿鐨勬牳蹇冨氨鏄嫃鑱斿府鍔╂彺寤虹殑閲嶇偣椤圭洰锛屽嵆浜轰滑甯告彁鍒扮殑156椤瑰紩杩涘伐绋嬩腑鐨勭涓€鎵?span lang="EN-US">50涓」鐩€傝嫃鑱旀斂搴滅瓟搴斿府鍔╀腑鍥芥彺寤烘仮澶嶇粡娴庢€ラ渶鐨勭叅鐐€佺數鍔涖€侀挗閾併€佹湁鑹查噾灞炪€佸寲宸ャ€佹満姊板拰鍐涘伐閮ㄩ棬鐨?span lang="EN-US">50涓噸鐐归」鐩€?span lang="EN-US">1950-1953骞翠腑鑻忓叡绛捐鎶€鏈垚濂楄澶囪繘鍙e悎鍚?span lang="EN-US">68394涓囧崲甯冿紝3骞寸疮璁″疄闄呰繘鍙?span lang="EN-US">46974涓囧崲甯冿紝瀹屾垚鍚堝悓68.7%銆傝繖瀵逛腑鍥界殑閲嶅伐涓氬拰鍥介槻宸ヤ笟鐨勬瀯寤烘槸鑷冲叧閲嶈鐨勩€?span lang="EN-US">1950-1952骞翠腑鍥借繘鍙f渶澶氱殑鏄伐涓氳澶囧櫒鏉愬強娌硅剛锛堝崰63.7%锛夈€侀搧璺澶囧櫒鏉愬強娌硅剛锛?span lang="EN-US">9.9%锛夈€佷氦閫氶€氳鍣ㄦ潗鍙婃补鑴傦紙7%锛夊拰鍐滀笟鏈哄櫒鍙婄鐣滅苯绉嶏紙4.8%锛夛紝鍏朵腑寰堝閮芥槸涓浗鐢熶骇寤鸿鎬ラ渶鑰岃タ鏂瑰浗瀹朵笉鑲嚭鍗栫殑浜у搧銆備緷鐭虫补宸ヤ笟涓轰緥锛屽缓鍥藉垵浠呮湁鐨勫嚑搴у皬鍨嬬偧娌瑰巶涔熷湪鎴樹簤涓崯姣佷弗閲嶏紝涓€鏃舵棤娉曞惎鍔ㄧ敓浜э紝鍏ㄥ浗鐨勫師娌逛骇閲忓嚑涔庝负闆躲€傚綋鏃惰嫃鑱旀彺寤轰簡鍏板窞鐐兼补鍘傦紝寮€濮嬬敓浜ч儴鍒嗗伐涓氱敤娌广€傚湪鑻忚仈甯姪涓嬶紝涓浗鐭虫补宸ヤ笟浠庢棤鍒版湁锛屽湪涓嶅埌涓ゅ勾鐨勬椂闂撮噷渚胯繀閫熷彂灞曡捣鏉ャ€傚埌1952骞翠腑锛岄噰娌圭偣宸叉墿灞曞埌鍗楃枂鍜屽寳鐤嗗崄鍑犱釜鍦板尯锛屽叡鏈夋补浜?span lang="EN-US">10鍙o紝鏃ヤ骇鍘熸补200鍚紝鐐兼补鑳藉姏涔熸彁楂樺埌鏃ュ鐞?span lang="EN-US">250鍚ㄣ€傚叕鍙歌繕鍩瑰吇鍑轰簡2000澶氬悕浼樼鐨勪腑鍥芥妧鏈汉鍛樺拰鎶€鏈伐浜恒€?span lang="EN-US">

鑻忚仈鍦ㄦ妧鏈汉鎵嶆柟闈㈡彁渚涗簡鏇村甯姪锛屾棭鍦?span lang="EN-US">1948骞村锛岃嫃鑱斿凡缁忔淳閬d笓瀹舵妧鏈皬缁勫埌涓滃寳甯姪淇閾佽矾锛屽埌寤哄浗鍓嶅湪鍗庤嫃鑱斾笓瀹跺凡鏈?span lang="EN-US">600浣欎汉銆傛嵁涓浗妗f鏉愭枡锛岃嚜1950骞磋嚦1953骞村厛鍚庡埌涓浗甯姪缁忔祹寤鸿宸ヤ綔鐨勮嫃鑱斾笓瀹跺叡璁?span lang="EN-US">1093浜恒€傝嫃鑱斾笓瀹跺涓浗缁忔祹鐨勬仮澶嶅拰鍙戝睍璧峰埌浜嗕妇瓒宠交閲嶇殑浣滅敤銆傚湪缁忔祹寤鸿鐨勮捣姝ラ樁娈碉紝涓浗棣栧厛鎰熷埌涓嶈冻鐨勬槸璁捐鍔涢噺锛屽埌1953骞达紝鍏ㄥ浗鎬诲叡鍙湁78涓璁″崟浣嶏紝姣忎釜鍗曚綅涓€鑸兘涓嶈冻500浜恒€備粎璁捐涓撳锛岃嫃鑱斿氨娲炬潵浜?span lang="EN-US">42涓皬缁勶紝鍏朵腑30涓畨鎺掑湪涓滃寳鍦板尯銆傝嫃鑱斾笓瀹惰繕閫氳繃璁茶绛夋柟寮忓悜涓柟浜哄憳浼犳巿缁忛獙鍜屾妧鏈紝鍦ㄥ疄闄呭伐浣滀腑涓轰腑鍥藉煿鍏讳簡澶ф壒鎶€鏈骞诧紝濡?span lang="EN-US">1952骞翠笢鍖楄鍒掔粺璁″共閮?span lang="EN-US">3涓囧浜猴紝鍏堕瀵奸骞插ぇ閮ㄥ垎閮芥槸鑻忚仈涓撳浜茶嚜鍩瑰吇鐨勩€?span lang="EN-US">

鑻忚仈鐨勬彺鍔╋紝浣垮緱涓浗杩欎竴鏃舵湡鐨勫澶栧紩杩涘叿鏈夌┖鍓嶇殑瑙勬ā銆?span lang="EN-US">50骞翠唬锛屼腑鍥藉紩杩涜嫃鑱旀妧鏈澶囨姇璧勫叡璁?span lang="EN-US">76锛?span lang="EN-US">9浜挎棫鍗㈠竷(鎶樺悎浜烘皯甯?span lang="EN-US">73浜垮厓)銆傚悓鏈熷紩杩涗笢娆у悇鍥芥妧鏈澶囨姇璧勫叡璁?span lang="EN-US">30锛?span lang="EN-US">8浜挎棫鍗㈠竷(鎶樺悎浜烘皯甯?span lang="EN-US">29锛?span lang="EN-US">3浜垮厓)銆備互涓婂叡璁?span lang="EN-US">102锛?span lang="EN-US">3浜垮厓锛屾寜50骞翠唬骞村潎缇庡厓姣斾环鎶樺悎40锛?span lang="EN-US">4浜跨編鍏冿紝鎸?span lang="EN-US">1959骞存瘮浠锋姌鍚?span lang="EN-US">39锛?span lang="EN-US">09浜跨編鍏冦€?span lang="EN-US">1949骞翠腑鑻忚锤鏄撻浠呮湁2630涓囩編鍏冿紝1950骞村嵆涓?span lang="EN-US">24190涓囩編鍏冿紝澧為暱8鍊嶅銆傚湪涓浗瀵瑰璐告槗鎬婚涓紝涓嫃璐告槗棰濈殑姣旈噸1949骞村崰绗?span lang="EN-US">3浣嶏紝1950骞村垯璺冨眳绗?span lang="EN-US">1浣嶏紝涓?span lang="EN-US">30%锛?span lang="EN-US">1953骞存洿涓婂崌涓?span lang="EN-US">56.3%銆?span lang="EN-US">

鑻忚仈涓嶄粎浠庤澶囥€佽祫閲戜笂鎻村姪涓浗锛屾洿鐩存帴娲鹃仯鐗规畩鍏电甯姪涓浗鎶楃編鎻存湞鍙婂鍙扮殑鎴樹簤銆傚涓婃捣瑙f斁鍚庯紝鍥芥皯鍏氱┖鍐涘鍩庡競杩涜鐙傝桨婊ョ偢锛屽競鍐?span lang="EN-US">80锛呯殑鐢靛姏渚涘簲琚牬鍧忥紝浣?span lang="EN-US">80%鐨勫伐鍘傚仠浜с€傚湪绉樺瘑杩涘叆涓婃捣鐨勮嫃鑱旂┖鍐涚殑鏀彺涓嬶紝寰堝揩灏嗘潵鐘晫鍐涙尗璐ャ€備负绀句細绋冲畾銆佹仮澶嶇粡娴庢彁渚涗簡淇濋殰銆?span lang="EN-US">

鍗椾含鍥芥皯鍏氭斂搴滄椂鏈燂紝鍦ㄤ腑鍥藉ぇ闄嗕笂鍏变慨寤洪搧璺害13锛?span lang="EN-US">000鍏噷銆?span lang="EN-US">1949骞翠竴骞村叡鎶慨鎭㈠浜?span lang="EN-US">8锛?span lang="EN-US">278鍏噷閾佽矾銆傚埌52骞村簳锛屽叏鍥介搧璺惀涓氶噷绋嬪鍔犲埌22锛?span lang="EN-US">876鍏噷锛屽璐ф崲绠楀懆杞噺杈?span lang="EN-US">802.24浜垮惃鍏噷銆傚湪涓夊勾缁忔祹鎭㈠鏃舵湡(19491952骞?span lang="EN-US">),鐩哥户瀹屾垚浜嗘垚娓濄€佸ぉ鍏伴搧璺殑閾鸿建閫氳溅浠诲姟銆傛垚娓濋搧璺紑宸ュ悗锛屾墍闇€鐨勭涓€鎵瑰櫒鏉愬垎閰嶇粰绉佽惀鏈哄櫒鍘傛壙鍒剁殑鏈?span lang="EN-US">500浣欏惃锛屼娇閲嶅簡鍋滃伐宸蹭箙鐨勫皢杩?span lang="EN-US">30瀹跺ぇ涓瀷閽㈤搧鍘傘€佹満鍣ㄥ巶鍙堥噸鏂板紑宸ワ紝骞跺甫鍔?span lang="EN-US">400浣欏灏忓瀷宸ュ巶闄嗙画鎭㈠鐢熶骇銆傛垚娓濋搧璺缁忔祹鎭㈠鏃舵湡鎷夊姩鍐呴渶銆佹墿澶у叕绉佽璐с€佹墿澶у氨涓氥€佹彁楂樹汉姘戠敓娲荤瓑鏂归潰鍙戞尌浜嗛噸瑕佷綔鐢ㄣ€?span lang="EN-US">

1951骞?span lang="EN-US">3鏈堬紝涓浗杩涘嚭鍙e叕鍙稿湪涓浗杩涘彛鍏徃鍜屽崕鍖楄锤鏄撳叕鍙哥殑鍩虹涓婃垚绔嬶紝涓撹惀瀵硅タ鏂瑰浗瀹剁殑璐告槗锛岃繘鍙e浗鍐呯敓浜с€佺敓娲绘€ラ渶鐨勯噸瑕佺墿璧勶紝鏀彺浜嗘柊涓浗鐨勭粡娴庡缓璁俱€備腑鍥戒腑鍖栭泦鍥㈠叕鍙革紙绠€绉颁腑鍖栭泦鍥級鐨勫墠韬腑鍥借繘鍙e叕鍙告垚绔嬩簬 1950骞?span lang="EN-US">3鏈?span lang="EN-US">1鏃ワ紝鏄柊涓浗绗竴瀹朵笓涓氫粠浜嬪澶栬锤鏄撶殑鍥芥湁杩涘嚭鍙d紒涓氥€備簲鍗佸勾浠o紝涓浗杩涘嚭鍙e叕鍙搁檰缁笌鍥涘崄澶氫釜鍥藉鍜屽湴鍖虹殑鏁扮櫨瀹跺鍟嗗缓绔嬩簡璐告槗鍏崇郴锛屽嚭鍙e揩閫熷闀匡紝骞跺紑杈熶簡鍥介檯鐭虫补鍜屽寲宸ュ搧鐨勮繘鍙f笭閬擄紝涓烘垚涓哄浗鍐呯煶娌广€佸寲宸ヨ锤鏄撶殑涓撲笟杩涘嚭鍙e叕鍙告墦涓嬩簡鍩虹銆?span lang="EN-US">

鐢变簬缇庡浗鐨勫皝閿侊紝鍦ㄥ澶栬锤鏄撲笂锛屼富瑕侀噰鐢ㄦ皯闂寸殑鏂瑰紡涓庤タ鏂瑰浗瀹惰繘琛屼竴浜涜锤鏄撱€?span lang="EN-US">1952骞达紝鍦ㄨ帿鏂鍥介檯缁忔祹浼氳涓婏紝涓浗浠h〃鍥笌鑻卞浗銆佽嵎鍏般€佽タ寰枫€佹硶鍥姐€佹瘮鍒╂椂銆佺憺澹€侀敗鍏般€佸嵃灏笺€佸反鍩烘柉鍧︺€佽姮鍏般€佹剰澶у埄绛?span lang="EN-US">10涓浗瀹剁殑宸ュ晢鍥綋鍜屼紒涓氱璁簡璐告槗鍗忚銆傝€屽綋鏃舵湞椴滄垬浜夋鍦ㄨ繘琛屼腑锛岃櫧鐒舵槸鏁伴涓嶅ぇ鐨勯潪姝e紡鐨勫崗璁紝浣嗗鎴戝浗鐨勬仮澶嶅緢閲嶈銆?span lang="EN-US">

1952骞达紝鍗楁眽瀹搁個璇峰弬鍔犱細璁殑鏃ユ湰鍙傝鍛橀珮鑹瘜锛堝コ锛夈€佷紬璁憳甯嗚冻璁°€佸鑵板枩鍔╄闂腑鍥姐€備笁浣嶈鍛樼粫閬撴娲叉潵鍒颁腑鍥斤紝涓庝腑鍥界璁簡鎬婚鍑犲崈涓囩殑涓棩璐告槗鍗忚锛岃繖鏄腑鍏辨墽鏀垮悗澶ч檰绛剧讲鐨勭涓€涓腑鏃ヨ锤鏄撳崗璁紝鏈夐噸瑕佺殑鍘嗗彶鎰忎箟銆?span lang="EN-US">

鍦ㄤ互宸ㄥぇ璐㈠姏鏀寔鎶楃編鎻存湞鎴樹簤鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屾仮澶嶅浗姘戠粡娴庣殑浠诲姟鎻愬墠瀹屾垚銆?span lang="EN-US">1953骞达紝宸ュ啘涓氫富瑕佷骇鍝佺殑浜ч噺瓒呰繃寤哄浗鍓嶆渶楂樻按骞筹紝宸ュ啘涓氭€讳骇鍊兼瘮寤哄浗鍓嶆渶楂樻按骞崇殑1936骞村闀跨櫨鍒嗕箣浜屽崄銆傜粡杩囦笁骞寸粡娴庢仮澶嶆椂鏈燂紝鍥借惀宸ュ晢涓氬拰绉佽惀宸ュ晢涓氱殑姣旈噸鍙戠敓浜嗘牴鏈€х殑鍙樺寲銆傚埌1952骞?span lang="EN-US">9鏈堬紝鍥借惀涓婂崌鍒扮櫨鍒嗕箣鍏崄涓冪偣涓夛紝绉佽惀涓嬮檷鍒扮櫨鍒嗕箣涓夊崄浜岀偣涓冿紝鍥借惀瓒呰繃浜嗙钀ャ€傜钀ュ伐鍟嗕笟宸茬粡寮€濮嬬撼鍏ユ帴鍙楀浗钀ョ粡娴庨瀵肩殑杞ㄩ亾銆?span lang="EN-US">

 

闄勶細棣欐腐鍦ㄦ棩鍐涘崰棰嗘椂鏈熶腑閬彈浜嗗緢澶ф崯澶便€備簩鎴樺悗锛岄娓€氳繃涓庡ぇ闄嗙殑璐告槗鏈変簡鏋佸ぇ澧為暱锛岃€屽叡浜у厷鎴愮珛鍚庯紝鍦ㄧ粡娴庡皝閿佺殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝棣欐腐涓庡ぇ闄嗙殑璐告槗鎬ュ墽钀庣缉銆傞娓噰鍙栦簡涓€绯诲垪鏀归潻鎺柦锛屽寘鎷墛鍑忚惀涓氱◣銆佸潥鎸佽嚜鐢辨斁浠绘斂绛栫瓑锛岀Н鏋佸彂灞曞埗琛d笟銆佺汉缁囥€佸鑳剁瓑杞诲伐鍒堕€犱笟锛屽姫鍔涗粠璐告槗娓悜璐告槗銆佸伐涓氬苟閲嶏紝骞跺湪涔嬪悗鍑犲崄骞村唴杩呴€熷彂灞曟垚涓轰笘鐣屼笂鎴愬姛鐨勭粡娴庝綋涔嬩竴銆?span lang="EN-US">

 

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