摘要：目前，国内原油含水计量方面的在线仪表大都功能单一，现场适用范围窄，适应能力差，其仪表准确度会受到现场诸多因素的影响，而且扩展性差，不便升级和更换部件，而油田进入中、高含水期采油阶段对原油含水计量的要求也越来越高。本文简单介绍了嵌入式系统的软件和硬件的特点、应用、现状及发展前景，阐述了嵌入式系统用在原油含水分析仪的设计中具有较好的适用性和优点。{zh1}应用短波吸收原理，通过PC104采用模块化设计，实现了用嵌入式系统来完成原油含水分析仪的硬件和人机界面设计。
关键词:嵌入式系统、PC104、原油含水分析仪、DIMM-PC、人机界面、液晶显示模块

Abstract：Currently, the on-line gauges of the crude oil contained water in calculate have simple functions and narrow application scope, and the orientation ability is bad, and its gauge accurate been influenced by many spot of factors, and its characteristic of expanding is bad, has the inconveniences for promoteing to higher grade and replaceing the parts, but the oil-field request calculate of crude oil contained water more and more high when crude oil contained water enters inside, high period. The article introduces the characteristics、application、present condition and development foregrounds of the software and hardware of the Embedded System and expatiates the good applicability and advantage of Embedded System in the design of the type system in analytic instrument of the crude oil contained water. Finally, combines the adoption short-wave absorbed principle and completes the hardware and human-machine interface design of the analytic instrument of the crude oil contained water used the Embedded System with PC104 adopted the mold piece turns the design.
Key words: Embedded System、PC104、The analytic instrument of the crude oil contained the water、DIMM-PC、The man-machine interface、LCD manifestation mold piece

ì 目      录
引   言 2
1 概述 3
1.1 研究本课题的意义及其发展趋势 4
1.2 原油含水分析仪的现状及方案确定 4
1.2.1 确定方案 5
2 嵌入式系统 6
2.1 嵌入式系统概述 6
2.2 嵌入式系统硬件 7
2.3 嵌入式系统操作系统 10
3 硬件系统设计 12
3.1 原油含水检测传感器的研究与设计 12
3.1.1 短波发射及吸收原理简介 12
3.1.2 含水探测器主要技术指标 14
3.2 信号处理采集模板的研究与设计 15
3.2.1 A/D、D/A模块的选择 15
3.2.2 信号处理 16
3.3 总线通信系统 19
3.3.1 PC104的介绍 19
3.4 嵌入式系统控制器Dimm-PC 22
3.4.1 技术参数： 22
3.4.2 特殊功能 24
3.5 人机界面设计 27
3.5.1 液晶显示模块 27
4 软件设计 34
4.1 软件设计思想 34
4.2 软件实现功能 34
4.3 程序的总体框架 35
5 总结与致谢 36
附录 A： 38