译文：
摘要：介绍了自力式自身压差控制阀的工作原理，探讨了该阀在冷热源保护和集中供热工程中的应用。 关键词：自力式 压差控制阀 冷热源保护 集中供热 引言 通常所说的自力式压差控制阀，其功能是控制网路中某个支路或某个用户的压差，使之基本恒定，而自身消耗的压差则是变化的，正是通过调整自身的开度，来调整自身所消耗的压差，以实现被控对象的压差恒定。这种压差控制阀在供热空调工程已有了较多的应用，尤其是在分户计量供暖工程中被广泛采用，所以被大家熟悉和了解。本文介绍一种功能与其不同的自力式压差控制阀，它的作用是控制自身的压差，因而可称为自身压差控制阀。同时，探讨它在暖通工程中的应用。 1、结构与工作原理 这里以ZY47—16C型自身压差控制阀为例，介绍自身压差控制阀的工作原理。图1为该阀的结构与工作原理示意图。弹簧、感压膜和阀杆固结在一起，通过导压管将出口压力P2导入感压膜上部的密封腔，感压膜下部为入口压力P1。根据P1-P2的设定值ΔPs（以下简称设定压差）确定弹簧的预压缩量，即使弹簧的弹力与设定压差条件下感压膜对弹簧的作用力相等。并按照阀塞的行程远小于弹簧预压缩量的原则选择弹簧。这样就使得在阀门任一开度的平衡状态，阀的进、出口压差ΔP与设定压差ΔPs近似相等。严格地说，开度不同，平衡状态的ΔP是不相等的。显然，随着开度的增大，平衡状态的ΔP是增大的。但通过对弹簧的选择，xx可以在阀塞的全行程内，将平衡状态的ΔP相对于ΔPs的偏离控制在一定的范围（比如10％）之内。 自力式自身压差控制阀在系统中的工作可分为两种情况进行说明：①当前状态为关闭。若阀前后压差ΔP小于设定压差ΔPs，则继续关闭，这时就是一个关断阀。若ΔP大于ΔPs，则感压膜克服弹簧的弹力，带动阀塞上升，阀门开启；达到平衡状态时，进、出口压差ΔP近似回落到设定压差ΔPs。②当前状态为开启。若系统稳定运行，进、出口压差ΔP近似为设定压差。若由于系统工况的改变，使ΔP增大，则阀门开大，流量增大；达到平衡状态时，ΔP又近似回落到ΔPs。阀门为{zd0}开度时，出现ΔP大于ΔPs的情况，阀门不再具有调控压差的能力。若由于系统工况的改变，使进、出口压差ΔP小于ΔPs，则阀门关小，流量减小，达到平衡状态时，ΔP又近似上升到ΔPs。直至阀门关闭时，出现ΔP小于ΔPs的情况，就不再具有调控压差的能力，而成为一个关断阀。简而言之，自力式自身压差控制阀在关闭状态时，ΔP必须大于ΔPs才能开启；在开启状态时，可自动调整开度，保持阀门前后的压差基本恒定。 2、自身压差控制阀在暖通工程中的应用 2.1 在保护冷热源方面的应用 近年来，在供热工程中，燃油和燃气机组有了较多的应用。由于对供暖实行计量收费，用户自主调节流量的意识大大增强，加上生活用热水在{yt}之内用量变化较大，使得供热系统的流量有很大的变化范围。若流量过小，可能造成燃油和燃气机组的局部沸腾，进而使机组受到破坏。对于空调系统中的冷水机组，如果冷冻水流量太小，也可能造成蒸发排管局部冻结，进而使机组受到破坏。对于以上两种情况，可如图2所示，在旁通管路上，装设自力式自身压差控制阀。由于用户调节等原因使系统流量减小，压差控制阀前后的压差ΔP就会随之增大，当ΔP大于设定压差ΔPs时，压差控制阀开启，增大通过冷热源的流量，保障机组安全运行。在压差控制阀为开启状态时，可始终保持阀前后的压差基本恒定。而通过阀的流量则与用户系统的流量呈相反的变化。即用户系统的流量减小，通过压差控制阀的流量就会增大；反之，用户系统的流量增大，则通过压差控制阀的流量减小。这样就可保证通过冷热源的流量不致有太大的变化，既保护了冷热源，又提高了机组运行的稳定性。保护冷热源的传统方式是在旁通管路上装设电动压差控制阀。当系统流量减小，使电动阀前后压差大于设定压差时，电信号驱动电动阀开启，使冷热源机组维持必须的最小流量。但电动压差控制阀由于对电源和传递电信号的线路的依赖，可靠程度不如自力式压差控制阀。另外，价格也高于后者很多。所以，在保护冷热源方面，xx可以用自力式自身压差控制阀替代传统的电动控制阀。顺便提及，在图2所示的旁通管路上装设电磁阀是不恰当的，因为电磁阀只有关闭和全开两种状态，所以它的每一次动作，都将对用户系统的流量产生较大的影响。 2.2 在集中供热系统中的应用 在集中供热工程中常常出现这样的情况：供暖用户有低建筑（较矮的建筑或地势较低的建筑）和高建筑（高层建筑或地势较高的建筑），若热网的压力工况满足低建筑的散热器不被压坏的要求，高建筑就会出现倒空现象；若热网的压力工况满足高建筑不出现倒空现象，则低建筑的散热器承受的压力就会超过其承压能力。借助自身压差控制阀往往可以解决这个矛盾。 图3是一个地势高差悬殊，热源位于低处的例子。顺着地势特点，在供水管路适当位置设置加压水泵，在回水管路适当位置装设自力式自身压差控制阀。在系统运行过程中，压差控制阀前后的压差可保持基本恒定。这样就将网路的动水压线分为两个部分，前部的动水压线相对较低，可满足低建筑的散热器不被压坏的要求；后部的动水压线相对较高，可满足高建筑不发生倒空现象的要求。在系统停止运行时，整个网路的测压管水头有达到一致的趋势，而压差控制阀则通过减小开度竭力维持原有的压差基本不变，直至压差控制阀关闭。这时，压差控制阀与供水管路上的止回阀一起，将网路后部与前部隔离开来。网路前部的静水压线由设置在热源的补水定压装置保证。网路后部的静水压线由与压差控制阀配装在一起的定压补水泵保证。 1热源 2循环水泵 3系统补给水泵 4自身压差控制阀 5加压水泵 6止回阀 7网路后部补给水泵 8补水压力调节阀 9热用户 相反，若地势相差悬殊，而热源在高处，则如图4所示，顺着地势特点，在供水管路适当位置装设自身压差控制阀，在回水管路适当位置装设加压水泵。系统运行时，压差控制阀前后的压差可保持基本恒定，这样就使网路后部的动水压线相对较低，可满足低建筑的散热器不被压坏的要求；网路前部的动水压线相对较高，可满足高建筑不发生倒空现象。系统停止运行时，压差控制阀自动关闭，与回水管路上的止回阀一起，将网路后部与前部隔离开来。网路前部的静水压线由设置在热源的补水定压装置保证，网路后部的静水压线则由连通前、后部的补水管路上的补水调节阀保证。 1 热源 2循环水泵 3系统补给水泵 4自身压差控制阀 5加压水泵 6止回阀 7后部补水压力调节阀 8热用户 3、结论 自力式自身压差控制阀为关闭状态时，若阀前、后的压差小于设定压差，则继续关闭；若阀前、后的压差大于设定压差，则阀门开启。为开启状态时，可自动调整开度，使阀前、后的压差基本恒定。 自力式自身压差控制阀可用于对冷热源的保护，与传统的电动控制保护相比，有控制可靠、价格低廉的优点。 自力式自身压差控制阀可用于解决集中供暖工程中高建筑与低建筑高度相差悬殊所产生的对压力工况要求不同的矛盾。

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原文：
Abstract: Self-operated self-pressure control valve working principle of the valve in the cold and heat source to protect and central heating engineering applications. Keywords: Self-operated pressure control valve cold and heat source to protect central heating Introduction Commonly referred to as self-operated pressure control valve, its function is to control the network to a slip or a user's pressure, so that the fundamental constant, while its consumption is the change in pressure, it is by adjusting the its own opening to adjust its pressure consumed in order to achieve the object charged with a constant pressure. This differential pressure control valve in the heating and air conditioning project already has more applications, especially in the household metering heating projects that are widely used, they were well-known and understood. This paper presents a feature with a different type of self-pressure control valve, and its role is to control its own pressure, which can be called self-pressure control valve. At the same time to explore it in the HVAC engineering applications. 1, Structure and Working Principle Here to self-ZY47-16C type differential pressure control valve, for example, introduced its own differential pressure control valve works. Figure 1 for the valve structure and working principle diagram. Spring, with a sense of laminated and stem consolidation, through the guide tube will be pressed into a sense of outlet pressure P2 laminated sealing the upper chamber, a sense of laminated lower part of the inlet pressure P1. According to P1-P2 settings ΔPs (hereinafter referred to as setting pressure) to determine the amount of spring pre-compression, even if the elastic spring with a sense of laminated under pressure to set the spring force of the same. Valve plug in accordance with the itinerary is far less than the amount of spring for the optional pre-compression spring. This makes the valve opening balance of any one state, the valve inlet and outlet pressure differential pressure ΔP and Settings ΔPs are approximately equal. Strictly speaking, the opening is different from a state of equilibrium of ΔP are not equal. Clearly, as the opening increases, the balance of ΔP is enlarged. But through the choice of the spring is entirely possible for the entire trip in the valve plug within the equilibrium state of the ΔP deviation relative to the ΔPs controlled in a certain range (eg 10%) within the. Self-operated pressure control valve in the system itself in the work can be divided into two cases illustrate: ① the current status is off. If the valve set pressure before and after the pressure difference ΔP is less than ΔPs, will remain closed, when is a turn-off valve. If ΔP is greater than ΔPs, then laminated to overcome the sense of elastic springs to drive up valve plug, valve open; to reach equilibrium, the inlet and outlet pressure drop to set the differential pressure ΔP approximation ΔPs. ② the current state of open. If the system is stable and running, import and export pressure approximate to set the differential pressure ΔP. If due to system conditions change, so that ΔP increases, then the valve to open large flow rate increases; to achieve a balanced state, ΔP then back down to approximately ΔPs. Maximum valve opening occurs when ΔP is greater than ΔPs situation, the valve no longer has the ability to control pressure. If due to system conditions change, so that inlet and outlet pressure ΔP is less than ΔPs, then the valve off a small, flow decreased to reach equilibrium state, ΔP again rose to approximately ΔPs. Until the valve is closed, there is less than ΔPs of ΔP, we no longer have the ability to control pressure, but have become a turn-off valve. In short, self-type self-pressure control valve in the closed state, ΔP can be opened must be greater than ΔPs; in open state, can automatically adjust the aperture to maintain the basic constant pressure before and after the valve. 2, self-pressure control valves in the HVAC engineering 2.1 in the protection of the application of cold and heat source In recent years, heating engineering, oil and gas-fired units have more applications. Because of the implementation of heating metering and charging, the user's sense of self-regulating traffic greatly increased, together with domestic hot water in a day dosage changed greatly, making the flow of heating systems have a great range of variation. If the flow is too small, may result in oil and gas unit of local boiling, turn the unit has been damaged. For the air-conditioning system in the chiller, if the chilled water flow is too small, can also cause partial freezing of evaporative emission control, thus the unit has been damaged. For the above two situations, can be shown in Figure 2, in the bypass pipe on the road, installation of self-operated self-pressure control valve. Other reasons because of the user to adjust the system flow decreases, pressure control valve differential pressure ΔP will be followed before and after the increase, when the differential pressure ΔP is greater than set ΔPs, the differential pressure control valve to open, increasing through the cold and heat source traffic, protect the unit safe operation. In the pressure control valve is turned on, it can always maintain the basic constant pressure valve before and after. The flow through the valve with the flow of the user's system showed the opposite change. Namely, reducing the flow of the user's system, through the pressure will increase the flow control valve; On the contrary, increase the flow of the user's system, through the pressure control valves reduce the flow. This can ensure that the flow through the cold and heat source without much change, not only to protect the cold and heat source, and also enhance the stability of plant operation. Cold and heat source to protect the traditional way is to by-pass pipe on the road to install electric pressure control valve. When the system flow decreases, so that electric valve before and after the pressure is greater than set pressure, the electrical signal driving electric valve is open, so cold and heat source unit to maintain the essential minimum flow. But the electric differential pressure control valve and transmission of electrical signals because of the power dependence of the line, reliability than self-operated pressure control valve. In addition, the price is also higher than the latter. Therefore, in the protection of cold and heat source, the total can be self-operated pressure control valve itself instead of the traditional electric control valve. Incidentally, as shown in Figure 2, solenoid valves installed bypass pipe on the road is not appropriate, because the solenoid valve closed and fully open only two states, so it's every movement, all the flow of the user's system will generate a greater impact. 2.2 In the central heating system application In the central heating works often happens: heating users have low-rise (the lower building or low-lying buildings) and high buildings (high-rise buildings or buildings higher ground), if the pressure of work heating network to meet the low status of the building will not be crushed radiator requirements, high building will appear empty phenomena; if the pressure of heating network condition does not appear to meet the high building empty phenomenon, then the lower the pressure on the construction of the radiator will be exceeded its pressure capability. With its pressure control valve can often solve this conflict. Figure 3 is a disparity between the terrain height difference, the heat source is located in the lower example. Along the terrain features, set the appropriate place in the water supply pipe pressure pump installed in the appropriate place in the backwater pipe its self-operated pressure control valve. In the system is running, the pressure difference before and after the pressure control valve can maintain almost constant. This will be the dynamic pressure line network is divided into two parts, the front line of the dynamic pressure is relatively low to meet the low-rise will not be crushed radiator requirements; the rear line of the dynamic pressure is relatively high, high building to meet the phenomenon does not occur to empty demands. Stopped running in the system, the entire network piezometer head has reached the same trend, while reducing the differential pressure control valve through the opening best to maintain the original pressure has remained basically unchanged until the differential pressure control valve closed. At this time, differential pressure control valve and check valve water pipes on the road, together with a network separated from the rear and the front to. Web front line of the hydrostatic pressure is set the heat source by the constant pressure device to ensure the replenishment. Internet line from the rear of the hydrostatic pressure and differential pressure control valves equipped with pumps to ensure a constant pressure fill. A heat supply two circulating water pumps 3 pumps 4 system, differential pressure control valve 5 self-pressurized water pump 6 check valve 7 network back up water pump supply water pressure regulating valve 8 Heat 9 users On the contrary, if the terrain are significant differences between the heat source at high levels, is shown in Figure 4, along the terrain features, in the appropriate location to install their own water supply pipeline pressure control valve, installed in the appropriate place in the backwater pressure pipeline pump. System is running, the pressure difference before and after the pressure control valve can maintain almost constant, thus making the dynamic pressure of the rear line of networking is relatively low to meet the low-rise will not be crushed radiator requirements; network before Department of relatively high dynamic pressure line to meet high building to empty the phenomenon does not occur. System to stop running, pressure control valves automatically close, and back to the way non-return valve pipe, together with a network separated from the rear and the front to. Web front line of the hydrostatic pressure is set the heat source by the constant pressure device to ensure the replenishment, network cable from the rear of the hydrostatic pressure connected prior to the rear of the complement of the replenishment water regulating valve to ensure the road. A heat supply two circulating water pumps 3 pumps 4 system, differential pressure control valve 5 self-pressurized water pump 6 check valve 7 back pressure regulator valve 8 replenishment heat users 3, the conclusion Self-operated pressure control valve to shut down its own state, if the valve before and after the pressure is less than set pressure, then continue to be closed; if the valve before and after the pressure is greater than set pressure, then the valve opens . For the open state, can automatically adjust the aperture, so that valve before and after the basic constant pressure. Self-operated pressure control valve itself can be used for the protection of cold and heat source, and electric control of protection compared to traditional, controlled, reliable, low cost advantages. Self-operated pressure control valve itself can be used to solve the central heating project of high construction and low building height difference between the pressure generated by poor working conditions require different contradictions.

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