单证制作技巧之船公司证明
在我国对外贸易实践中,经常会遇到进口商在信用证中提出要求船公司证明(以下称“船证”)的情形,尤以来自中东和非洲地区的客户为多,所以单证从业人员必须对此进行恰当的理解和把握。船证通常由出口商或船方用英文制作,具体内容应以信用证中要求为准,所有船证 必须签署。 一、船舶本身的证明文件 2. 船龄证明。有些国家/地区来证规定装载货物的船舶的船龄不得超过15年,受益人必须要求船代或船公司出具载货船只的船龄证明书(Certificate to evidence the ship is not over 15 years old或is under 15 years of age),这样的要求主要目的在于禁止使用老龄船,保护货物运输安全。 3. 船籍证明(Certificate of Registry )用于证明船舶所属国籍。" 4. 船级证明(Confirmation of Class)。有的信用证规定提供英国劳合社船级证明,如“Class certificate certifying that the shipment is made by a seaworthy vessel which are classified 二、运输和航行证明。 2. 转船证明书(Certificate of Transshipment)。出口方出具转船证明书,说明出口货物将在中途转船且已联系妥当,并由托运人负责将有关转船事项通知收货人。 3. 货装具名船舶证明。如信用证要求:“A certificate from the shipping company or its agent stating that goods are shipped by APL”(意思是要求出口方提供由船公司或其代理出具的货装美国总统轮船公司的证明)。 4. 船长收据(Captain's Receipt)。有的信用证规定,样品或单据副本交载货船只的船长带交进口商,并提供船长收据,如委托船长带去而未取得船长收据将影响出口商收汇,常见于近洋运输。 此外船证还包括进港证明、运费已交收据、港口费用单(port charges documents)、装卸准备就绪通知书(NOR)和装卸时间事实记录等,由于政治原因,巴基斯坦和印度互不允许悬挂对方国旗的船舶靠岸,巴基斯坦港口还不接受来自南非、韩国、以色列和中国台湾的船舶,如要求出具相应证明的,出口方必须提供。 三、航运组织和公约证明。 1. 班轮公会证明(Conference Line Certificate)。信用证规定货物须装班轮公会船只时,向银行所交单据中应包括船公司或船代出具的证明。例1,信用证要求“A certificate issued by the carrier,shipping Co or their agents certifying that shipment has been effected by conference line and/or regular line vessels only covered by institute classification clause to accompany the documents. 其意思是由承运人、船公司或他们的代理签发证明,证实货物业已装运在符合伦敦协会船级条款的班轮公会船只或定期船上,该船证随单据提交。例2,某信用证要求“Shipping company's certificate stating that the carrying vessel has entered P&I Club and should be attached with the original documents” 其要求船证应明确载货船舶系船东保赔协会成员并应随附正本证明。 3. SMC、DOC和SOLAS。这几个缩略语近年来常出现在信用证的要求中,SMC(Safety Management Certificate 船舶安全管理证书)和DOC(Document of Compliance安全符合证书,也有人称其为船/港保安符合证书)是按照国际安全管理规则(ISM)的规定载货船舶应在船上拥有的必要证书。我国海事局按ISM的规章发给船公司DOC,船舶则可获SMC,如船公司没有相应证书,那么就没有办法按信用证要求来出具此类证明。信用证中的一般要求是:“The carrying vessel should comply with the provisions of the (ISM) Code which necessiates that such vessel must have on board, copies of the two (SMC and DOC)valid Certificates and copies of such certificate must be presented with the original documents.”也可体现为“Certificate issued,signed and stamped by the owner/carrier/ master of the carrying vessel holds valid ISM certificate and ISPS (International Shipping And Port Security Safety Code《国际船舶和港口设施保安规则》)”;SOLAS指的是《1974年国际海上人命安全公约》(简称SOLAS公约)。“9· 四、正确理解船证制作要求。 1. 某信用证中要求:Certificate from the shipping agents issued at the port of shipment stating that cargo and/or interests are carried by a mechanically self propelled seaworthy vessel classified under Lloyd's register of shipping as 2. A certificate from the shipping company or their agent stating that the goods are shipped on vessels: -that are exempted from the "solas" convention certificatin requirement and is not required to have a certificate of conformity to the ISM code or that have a current ISM code certificate if the carrying vessel is subject to "solas" -covered by the institution classification clause. -that are allowed by the Arab authorities to call at arabian ports and not scheduled to call at any |