教育型加工中心总体方案及主轴部件设计 摘 要 加工中心是一种综合加工能力较强的数控加工设备，本文研制的教育型小型立式加工中心集多种数控机床于一身，工件一次装夹后能对小型板类、盘类、壳类、类等小型复杂零件进行铣、钻、扩、铰、惚、攻丝等多种工序加工。与目前国内同类型加工中心比较，具有结构紧凑、空间尺寸小、加工精度高、生产效率高等优点。经过对不同运动方案和各部件的设计方案的定性分析比较确定该教育型小型立式加工中心的总体设计方案为:采用固定立柱，电主轴通过安装座安装在立柱导轨的滑座上，立柱导轨采用滚动导轨，可以实现Z方向的进给运动。由X-Y双向精密数控工作台带动工件完成X, Y两个方向的进给运动；X, Y, Z三个方向的进给运动均滚珠丝杠，并由交流伺服电机驱动。导轨、滚珠丝杠有相应的润滑、防护等装置。主轴组件是由主轴、主轴支承、装在主轴卜的传动件和密封件组成。主轴前端打7：24的锥孔，用于安装刀柄。主轴端面装端面键、既可通过它传递刀具的扭矩，又用于刀具的周向定位。主轴的主要尺寸参数包搞：主轴的直径、内孔直径、悬伸长度和支承跨距评价和考虑主轴的主要尺寸参数的依据是主轴的刚度、结构工艺性和主轴组件的工艺适用范围。 关键词 加工中心/总体方案/主轴部件 The education processing center overall concept and the main axle part design abstract Machining center is one kind of synthesis processing ability strong numerical control processing equipment, the education small vertical processing center collection many kinds of numerical control engine bed which this article develops in a body, after a work piece attire clamps can to the small board class, the plate class, the shell class, the kind and so on the small complex components carry on the mill, drill, expands, the articulation, indistinct, attacks the silk and so on many kinds of working procedure processing. Compares with the present domestic same type processing center, has the structure compact, the spatial size small, the processing precision high, the production efficiency higher merit. Passes through quite is definite this education small vertical processing center to the different movement plan and various parts design proposal qualitative analysis the overall project design is:Uses the fixed column, the electricity main axle installs through the installment place in on the column guide rail slide rails, the column guide rail uses the trundle guide rail, may realize the Z direction feed motion. Completes by the X-Y bidirectional precise numerical control work table impetus work piece X, Y two direction feed motions；X, Y, Z three direction feed motion even ball bearing guide screws, and by exchange servo motor-driven. The guide rail, the ball bearing guide screw has corresponding installments and so on lubrication, protection. The main axle module is by the main axle, the main axle supporting, the attire is composed in the main axle divination biography moving parts and the seal. Front end the main axle hits 7:24 awl hole, uses in installing the hilt. The main axle end surface installs the end surface key, both may transmit the cutting tool through it the torque, and uses in the cutting tool the circumferential localization. Main axle main dimension parameter Bao Gao: The main axle diameter, in the hole diameter, hangs the elongation and the supporting span appraises and considered the main axle the main dimension parameter basis is the main axle rigidity, the structure technology capability and the main axle module craft applicable scope. KEY WORD machining center/overall concept/main spinde part. 目 录 中文摘要 Ⅰ 英文摘要 Ⅱ 1 绪论 1 1.1 课题背景 1 1.2 国内外发展现状 1 1.3 课题内容 2 2 教育型加工中心的总体方案 3 2.1 概述 4 2.2总体结构布局 5 2.3 主要性能参数 8 2.4 关键技术 10 2.4.1采用普通主轴 10 2.4.1.1国内外加工中心主轴单元的发展 10 2.5 采用精密数控工作台 11 2.6 Z向采用无平衡配重设计 12 2.7 无机械手换刀 12 2.8 采用全闭环控制方式 12 2.9 设计时采用CAD/CAE 12 2.10 床身 12 2.10.1 床身材料 13 2.11 导轨的形式、精度要求及热处理 14 2.11.1 导轨形式 14 2.11.2 导轨的精度要求 15 2.11.3导轨的热处理 15 3 主轴部件结构设计 16 3.1 主轴部件的总体设计 16 3.2 自动夹紧刀具结构 17 3.3 主轴的准停 17 3.4 主轴运动方式 18 3.5 主轴组件的布局 19 3.6 主轴与刀具联结 19 3.6.1 标准7/24锥联结 20 3.13 有效地排出已产生的热量 24 3.14 冷却与润滑 24 4 主轴刚度的验算 26 4.1 主轴组件的刚度计算 26 4.2 支承的简化 26 4.2 轴承的选用 26 4.4 轴承寿命的验算 27 4.5 主轴刚度计算 27 4.5.1　计算轴承支反力 27 4.5.2　主轴前端挠度的计算 27 4.5.3　轴承径向弹性变形量计算 27 4.6　主轴组件的径向刚度 28 4.7 降低主轴温升的措施 28 总结 30 致谢 31 参考文献 32