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鍏ㄦ枃锛?/p>

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“鍓界獌鏄寚鍦ㄤ綘鐨勫啓浣滀腑浣跨敤浠栦汉鐨勮鐐规垨琛ㄨ堪鑰屾病鏈夋伆褰撳湴娉ㄦ槑鍑哄銆?hellip;…杩欏寘鎷€愬瓧澶嶈堪銆佸鍒朵粬浜虹殑鍐欎綔锛屾垨浣跨敤涓嶅睘浜庝綘鑷繁鐨勮鐐硅€屾病鏈夌粰鍑烘伆褰撶殑寮曠敤銆?rdquo;

鐒跺悗鏂硅垷瀛愭妱鏉ヤ簡IEEE鐨勪簲涓眰娆★細

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浜屻€佹湭娉ㄦ槑鍑哄鍦板ぇ閲忓鍒讹紙杈句竴鍗婄殑绡囧箙锛変竴绡囪鏂囷紝澶勭綒鍚屼笂銆?/p>

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鏈枃鎸夌収鏂硅垷瀛愭彁渚涚殑IEEE鏍囧噯锛岀敤浜斾釜灞傛鏌ヨ€冩柟鑸熷瓙鐨勩€婄煶妫変箣绁搞€嬩竴鏂囷紝鐒跺悗鎸囧嚭鏂硅垷瀛愬湪鐩稿叧鐭ヨ瘑涓婄殑缁撴瀯鎬ф瑺缂轰笌澶辫銆?/p>

涓€銆佺紪璇戜笌鍓界獌

A. Roberta C. Barbalace: A Brief History of Asbestos Use and Associated Health Risks锛?/p>

鍘熸枃锛?/p>

Interestingly enough, the hazards of asbestos were recorded as early as Roman times. Both Pliny the Elder and the first century geographer Strabo noted that workers exposed to asbestos had many health problems. Pliny the Elder recommended that quarry slaves from asbestos mines not be purchased because “they die young.” Lung ailments were common to anyone who worked with asbestos fibers. Pliny the Elder suggested the use of a respirator made of transparent bladder skin to protect workers from asbestos dust.

鏂规枃锛?/p>

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鍘熸枃锛?/p>

In early Greek and Roman times, it was used for flame retardant cloth, building materials and women’s clothing. Roman restaurants used tablecloths made of asbestos. These tablecloths were flame retardant and could be thrown into the fire to remove food and other debris, and placed back on the table for the next customer.

鏂规枃锛?/p>

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鍘熸枃锛?/p>

In 1897 a Viennese physician attributed emaciation and pulmonary problems to (asbestos) dust inhalation. The first documented case of an asbestos-related death was reported in 1906 when the autopsy of an asbestos worker revealed lung fibrosis. As early as 1908 insurance companies began decreasing policies and benefits for asbestos workers. Metropolitan Life increased the premiums for such workers. In 1928 Cook identified the effects of asbestos in the lungs as asbestosis. He pointed out that this fibrotic scarring of lungs resulting from prolonged exposure to asbestos dust could have a latency period of 15 years. Others have suggested that the latency period can be much longer. In 1929 a coroner called for public enquiry after the death of an employee. By 1935 physicians were beginning to notice that some patients who had asbestosis also were victims of lung cancer.

鏂规枃锛?/p>

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B. 鑻辨枃缁村熀锛?/p>

Asbestos and Law: 

鍘熸枃锛?/p>

Health problems attributed to asbestos include:

1. Asbestosis - A lung disease first found in textile workers, asbestosis is a scarring of the lung tissue from an acid produced by the body’s attempt to dissolve the fibers. The scarring may eventually become so severe that the lungs can no longer function. The latency period (meaning the time it takes for the disease to develop) is often 10-20 years.

2. Mesothelioma - A cancer of the mesothelial lining of the lungs and the chest cavity, the peritoneum (abdominal cavity) or the pericardium (a sac surrounding the heart). Unlike lung cancer, mesothelioma has no association with smoking. The only established causal factor is exposure to asbestos or similar fibers. The latency period for mesothelioma may be 20-50 years. The prognosis for mesothelioma is grim, with most patients dying within 12 months of diagnosis.

3. Cancer - Cancer of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, kidney and larynx have been linked to asbestos. The latency period for cancer is often 15-30 years.

鏂规枃锛?/p>

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锛堣繖鍑犳鏄眰娆″洓锛?/p>

Asbestos: 

鍘熸枃锛?/p>

Talc is sometimes contaminated with asbestos. In 2000, tests in a certified asbestos-testing laboratory found the tremolite form of amphibole asbestos in three out of eight major brands of children’s crayons (oil pastels) that are made partly from talc — Crayola, Prang, and Rose Art. In Crayola crayons, the tests found asbestos levels from 0.05% in Carnation Pink to 2.86% in Orchid; in Prang crayons, the range was from 0.3% in Periwinkle to 0.54% in Yellow; in Rose Art crayons, it was from 0.03% in Brown to 1.20% in Orange. Overall, 32 different types of crayons from these brands contained more than trace amounts of asbestos, and eight others contained trace amounts. The Art and Creative Materials Institute, a trade association which tests the safety of crayons on behalf of the makers, initially insisted the test results must be incorrect, although they later said they do not test for asbestos. In May 2000, Crayola said tests by materials analyst, Richard Lee, of two of its crayons were negative for asbestos, although it later emerged that Lee had testified in lawsuits over 250 times on behalf of the asbestos industry, which paid him US$7 million. In June 2000, Binney & Smith, the maker of Crayola, and the other makers agreed to stop using talc in their products, and changed their product formulations in the United States. The mining company, R T Vanderbilt Co of Gouverneur, New York, which supplied the talc to the crayon makers, insists there is no asbestos in its talc “to the best of our knowledge and belief”, but tests by the United States Mine Safety and Health Administration found asbestos in all four talc samples that it tested in 2000.

鏂规枃锛?/p>

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C. WHO銆婃秷闄ょ煶妫夌浉鍏崇柧鐥呫€? 

鍘熸枃锛?/p>

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锛堟暟鎹潵婧愶細缇庡浗鍦拌川灞€锛?/p>

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