要想找到工作、工作得心应手并有机会谋求更好的工作，就需要提前做好大量的功课──特别是在如今的无就业复苏时期。
所以现在我就要跟大家分享五点有关职业规划的经验之谈，从1993年7月开始攥写这个专栏以来，我搜集了大量这方面的好经验。这些经验包括：有选择地建立人脉，关注小细节，充份了解自己以便随时接受新挑战。
要说这些经验有什么共通的道理，那就是：如果说“你”是一家公司，那么你自己便是这家公司{zh0}的经营者。以下便是这五点经验：
1.有效地广交人脉，不要漫无目的随便跟人套近乎。
华盛顿州雷德蒙德市的职场教练安德森（Paul Anderson）建议，集中精力同十位潜在的雇主建立起“战略性关系”。也就是说，不要使用“电梯行销”式的方法，硬拉着别人，试图在短时间内向对方推销自己。
安德森坚信，“你不可能在60秒之内跟他人建立起良好的关系。人们都愿意雇用自己喜欢和信任的人。”因此，花点精力跟熟人们建立更密切的联系吧，让他们在需要的时候随时可以找到你，并经常跟他们沟通你的工作近况。
你可以通过那些联系密切的熟人、社交网站以及一些很好的“串联式人物”来为自己做有效的推荐。这些“串联式人物”跟你的工作也许根本不搭界，他们可能是美发师、牙医、牧师、会计等专业人士，他们可以在不同行业之间牵线搭桥。
波士顿的社交顾问达灵（Diane Darling）表示，串联式人物“把你介绍给别人，因为他们很乐意这样做”。黛安正是通过建立这样的顾问团队拓展了自己的关系网和咨询业务。
同理，你也可以去参加针对特定行业的行业会议。仔细研究嘉宾名单，选出你希望见面的主管人员，安排时机跟对方会面。
霍华德（Tayari Howard）在上世纪90年代很想进电台工作，于是参加了圣迭戈一家电台组织的十来次公共活动，{zh1}终于结识了一位部门主管，并向对方阐述对方自己是多么地适合电台的某个岗位。霍华德说，“坚持终于有了回报！”1995年6月他如愿进了这家电台，现在仍然在主持电台的一档晚间节目。
2. 关注小细节
有些小小的失误也许就会令你的事业发展偏离你的预期轨道。讲话像个小孩子、说同事的坏话、跟人握手时手心汗津津的，都会显得你这个人很没有教养。
过时的衣服、磨损的袖口、凌乱的头发、破旧的鞋子或者领口开得太低都会令别人感觉你缺乏应有的判断力。纽约州布朗克斯维尔的猎头库克（Patricia Cook）建议，“应当以适合自己年龄的最得体的装扮呈现在他人面前。”
就连上洗手间的习惯也会产生影响。高科技人才猎头韦尔（Dora Vell）曾供职于一家大型猎头公司，公司前台办公桌旁边就是客人专用洗手间，如果求职者上过厕所后没有洗手，前台接待员就会给合伙人发出警告。（她能听到水龙头是否有开过。）
求职信同样也需要关注细节。纽约Inspirica高中和大学补习班去年收到了220封应征补习教师的求职信，其中93%都是有错误的，而且相当一部分是出自经验丰富的写作教师之手。
Inspirica公司首席执行长雅各布森（Lisa Jacobson）表示，“求职信的每一处细节都要非常留意。否则的话，就很可能会错失良机。”她的公司在6月份结束的这个财年里仅招聘了15名教师。
3. 充份利用简历和名片
通常来说，简历反映的是你过去的工作经历，而无法展现那些能让潜在雇主受益的、有助于推销你自己的技能。吉利斯（Rick Gillis）是两本求职书籍的作者，他提出了“预简历”的概念。他认为，在简历中附加一份“预简历”会更有说服力，在这一页纸上写下简短、客观的陈述，描绘出你将为应聘的这家公司做出怎样的贡献。
预简历还应当突出你四项工作成就──以及众多会引起简历跟踪软件关注的关键词（比如“可胜任多种岗位的专业人士”）。
网上简历还可以添加其他的内容：你可以展示自己的作品样本，推荐人的视频推荐，以及任何可以展示你事业成就的数据资料，比如超标完成销售额。
你的名片同样也很重要，名片可以给人留下深刻的{dy}印象。在你的名字下方列出你最突出的技能或是{zg}学位。不要写联系地址，以表明你随时可以更换工作地点。千万不要忽视了名片的背面，不要让背面一片空白，可以在这里写下你曾经效力过的最有实力的那家公司的名称。
4. 不求回报地帮助他人
不管你现在已经上班了还是正在寻找工作，都应当不计回报地帮助别人发展事业。
新方向公司（New Directions）是波士顿一家为xx管理人员提供职业转型及职业规划服务的公司，他们的客户是待业的xx管理人员，公司鼓励这些客户为那些拿救济金的母亲、无家可归的退伍老兵和其他寻找工作的人提供帮助。银行家勒尼汉（Mike Lenihan）在2003年之后三次成为新方向公司的客户，每次都担当了义务职业导师的角色。
他说，自己最近的一次任务是给一些失业的行政助理分析就业市场的严峻形势，结果给美国合众银行（U.S. Bancorp）一位招聘专员留下了很好的印象。1月份，他担任了合众银行某个事业部的高级副总裁。
斯蒂尔（Mary Steele）是达美航空公司（Delta Air Lines Inc.）的行政赔偿主管，她在职业生涯中获得过很多人的帮助，所以她表示，“我希望能把这种善意继续传递下去。”
2006年在找工作的时候，斯蒂尔开始编制一份高薪人力资源职位列表，而她自己要找的其实并不是这样的工作。现在她每年都给500多个人发300封类似的有关{zx1}职位指南的电邮，这些人多数是经验丰富的人力资源经理。
5. 充份了解自己──做好接受新挑战的准备
经常审视自己的理想、自身价值及有效技能。审慎细致的自我评估，可以缓解你对于职业、行业、工作地、收入改变的紧张感。
皮尔索尔（Christopher Pearsall）起初是拿计时工资的制造业工人，2006年失业，第二年在一家商业软件开发公司找了一份产品经理的工作，并兼职从事急救员工作。2008年再次失业后，他决定从事自己真正喜爱的事业：医疗保健。
现在，皮尔索尔马上就要完成护理学校的学业了。他说，“我又一次得到了重生。”
要想在目前的公司做得成功，你应该让自己有足够的变通能力，可以适应其他的平级岗位。职场是青睐那些多面手的──这一点在我身上可以得到证实。
我撰写的这个专栏致力于为寻常的职场困惑提供不寻常的解决之道，如今已经持续整整17年了，今天这一篇文章便是这个专栏的的收官之作。很快我会在WSJ.com开设一个新的提供建议的专栏，每月一篇文章，在这个新专栏中我将接受一个全新的挑战：为高级管理人员的职业发展出谋划策。
英文原文：The Keys to Unlocking Your Most Successful Career
Finding a job, flourishing on the job and moving into a better job demand plenty of work-especially during a jobless recovery.
That's why I am offering my five best lessons for managing your career, gleaned since I launched this column in July 1993. They include the importance of out-of-the box networking, sweating the small stuff and knowing yourself well enough that you're always ready for reinvention.
The lessons' common theme? No one can manage You Inc. better than you. And here's how to do it:
1. Network effectively rather than aimlessly.
Focus on forging 'strategic relationships' at 10 prospective employers, suggests Paul Anderson, a career coach in Redmond, Wash. That means avoiding an 'elevator pitch' in which you buttonhole people and give them your career pitch on the fly.
'Relationships can't be built in 60 seconds,'' Mr. Anderson insists. 'People hire people they like and trust.' So, work on building better ties with your contacts by being a reliable resource for them and offering frequent updates about your career.
You can land strong introductions through your closest contacts, social networking sites and good 'connectors,' who may have nothing to do with your line of work. These professionals, such as hairstylists, dentists, ministers and accountants, amass connections that cut across industries.
Connectors 'make introductions because they like to,' notes Diane Darling, a networking consultant in Boston. She expanded her connections and consulting gigs by creating a personal board of advisers.
For the same reason, attend industry conferences that attract targeted businesses. Scrutinize the guest list, pinpoint executives you wish to meet and schedule encounters there.
When Tayari Howard was an aspiring radio personality in the '90s, he attended about 10 public events hosted by a San Diego station before meeting a department head and pitching his candidacy for a job. 'Persistence paid off!' says Mr. Howard, who was hired by the radio station in June 1995, and still hosts a nightly show there.
2. Sweat the small stuff.
Tiny missteps may derail your career. You appear unpolished when you talk like an adolescent, curse at colleagues or proffer a sweaty palm.
Outdated clothes, frayed cuffs, messy hair, scuffed shoes or excess cleavage also signal poor judgment. 'Looking your best at any age is what you should aspire to,' advises Patricia Cook, an executive recruiter in Bronxville, N.Y.
Even bathroom habits count. High-tech recruiter Dora Vell once worked for a major search firm where the receptionist alerted partners if candidates using the guest toilet near her desk failed to wash their hands. (She could hear the faucet.)
This lesson also applies to cover letters. Inspirica, a New York high school and college tutoring concern, found mistakes in 93% of 220 letters from tutor applicants over the past year. Many flawed letters came from experienced writing tutors.
'Pay attention to everything you write in cover letters,' warns Lisa Jacobson, Inspirica's CEO. 'Otherwise, you will get weed whacked right out.' Her firm hired just 15 tutors in the fiscal year ended in June.
3. Make your résumé and business card work overtime for you.
Too often, résumés chronicle your past rather than promote marketable skills that would benefit potential employers. An additional 'pre-résumé' may make more sense, says Rick Gillis, an author of two job-hunting books who devised the concept. The one-page document contains a brief objective statement that describes precise ways you will improve a particular company, he adds.
A pre-résumé also includes highlights of four career accomplishments-plus a string of key words (such as 'multi-task professional') that get detected by resume-tracking software.
An online résumé offers another approach. You can show work samples, references' video testimonials and any data that may demonstrate successes in your career, such as surpassing sales targets.
It's equally important that your business card convey a memorable first impression. List your strongest skills or highest degree right under your name. But omit your physical address to appear flexible about relocation. Don't overlook the reverse side of your card. Rather than leave it blank, you can display the name of a prominent prior employer.
4. Pay it forward.
Whether you're on the job or seeking one, you should help others propel their careers without expecting return favors.
New Directions, an upscale executive-transition-planning firm in Boston, encourages jobless managerial clients to aid welfare mothers, homeless veterans and others hunting for work. Banker Mike Lenihan served as an unpaid mentor all three times he was a New Directions client since 2003.
He says his latest stint, involving coaching unemployed administrative assistants about the tough job market, impressed a U.S. Bancorp hiring official. He joined a unit in January as a senior vice president.
So many people assisted Mary Steele throughout her career that 'I wished to pay it forward,' the head of executive compensation for Delta Air Lines Inc. says.
During a 2006 job hunt, Ms. Steele began compiling a list of high-paid human resources vacancies she didn't pursue. She now emails similar job-lead updates 300 times a year to more than 500 people, mostly seasoned HR managers.
5. Know thyself-and be ready for reinvention.
You should constantly take stock of your dreams, values and transferrable skills. Scrupulous self-assessments can ease jitters about changing your occupation, industry, locale or pay.
After losing his job as a hourly manufacturing worker in 2006, Christopher Pearsall became a product manager for a business-software developer the following year. When the part-time paramedic got laid off again in 2008, he decided to pursue what he really loved: health care.
Mr. Pearsall will soon finish nursing school. 'I have re-reinvented myself,' he says.
To succeed at your current workplace, you must be equally flexible about accepting lateral moves. Businesses like such switch hitters-as I can attest.
Today marks the last print version of a column that sought to provide uncommon solutions to common career dilemmas for 17 years. Soon, in my new monthly advice column on WSJ.com, I'll tackle a new challenge: helping senior executives make the most of their careers.
Joann Lublin
原文地址：http://chinese.wsj.com/gb/20100715/eoe080120.asp?source=UpFeature
所以现在我就要跟大家分享五点有关职业规划的经验之谈，从1993年7月开始攥写这个专栏以来，我搜集了大量这方面的好经验。这些经验包括：有选择地建立人脉，关注小细节，充份了解自己以便随时接受新挑战。
要说这些经验有什么共通的道理，那就是：如果说“你”是一家公司，那么你自己便是这家公司{zh0}的经营者。以下便是这五点经验：
1.有效地广交人脉，不要漫无目的随便跟人套近乎。
华盛顿州雷德蒙德市的职场教练安德森（Paul Anderson）建议，集中精力同十位潜在的雇主建立起“战略性关系”。也就是说，不要使用“电梯行销”式的方法，硬拉着别人，试图在短时间内向对方推销自己。
安德森坚信，“你不可能在60秒之内跟他人建立起良好的关系。人们都愿意雇用自己喜欢和信任的人。”因此，花点精力跟熟人们建立更密切的联系吧，让他们在需要的时候随时可以找到你，并经常跟他们沟通你的工作近况。
你可以通过那些联系密切的熟人、社交网站以及一些很好的“串联式人物”来为自己做有效的推荐。这些“串联式人物”跟你的工作也许根本不搭界，他们可能是美发师、牙医、牧师、会计等专业人士，他们可以在不同行业之间牵线搭桥。
波士顿的社交顾问达灵（Diane Darling）表示，串联式人物“把你介绍给别人，因为他们很乐意这样做”。黛安正是通过建立这样的顾问团队拓展了自己的关系网和咨询业务。
同理，你也可以去参加针对特定行业的行业会议。仔细研究嘉宾名单，选出你希望见面的主管人员，安排时机跟对方会面。
霍华德（Tayari Howard）在上世纪90年代很想进电台工作，于是参加了圣迭戈一家电台组织的十来次公共活动，{zh1}终于结识了一位部门主管，并向对方阐述对方自己是多么地适合电台的某个岗位。霍华德说，“坚持终于有了回报！”1995年6月他如愿进了这家电台，现在仍然在主持电台的一档晚间节目。
2. 关注小细节
有些小小的失误也许就会令你的事业发展偏离你的预期轨道。讲话像个小孩子、说同事的坏话、跟人握手时手心汗津津的，都会显得你这个人很没有教养。
过时的衣服、磨损的袖口、凌乱的头发、破旧的鞋子或者领口开得太低都会令别人感觉你缺乏应有的判断力。纽约州布朗克斯维尔的猎头库克（Patricia Cook）建议，“应当以适合自己年龄的最得体的装扮呈现在他人面前。”
就连上洗手间的习惯也会产生影响。高科技人才猎头韦尔（Dora Vell）曾供职于一家大型猎头公司，公司前台办公桌旁边就是客人专用洗手间，如果求职者上过厕所后没有洗手，前台接待员就会给合伙人发出警告。（她能听到水龙头是否有开过。）
求职信同样也需要关注细节。纽约Inspirica高中和大学补习班去年收到了220封应征补习教师的求职信，其中93%都是有错误的，而且相当一部分是出自经验丰富的写作教师之手。
Inspirica公司首席执行长雅各布森（Lisa Jacobson）表示，“求职信的每一处细节都要非常留意。否则的话，就很可能会错失良机。”她的公司在6月份结束的这个财年里仅招聘了15名教师。
3. 充份利用简历和名片
通常来说，简历反映的是你过去的工作经历，而无法展现那些能让潜在雇主受益的、有助于推销你自己的技能。吉利斯（Rick Gillis）是两本求职书籍的作者，他提出了“预简历”的概念。他认为，在简历中附加一份“预简历”会更有说服力，在这一页纸上写下简短、客观的陈述，描绘出你将为应聘的这家公司做出怎样的贡献。
预简历还应当突出你四项工作成就──以及众多会引起简历跟踪软件关注的关键词（比如“可胜任多种岗位的专业人士”）。
网上简历还可以添加其他的内容：你可以展示自己的作品样本，推荐人的视频推荐，以及任何可以展示你事业成就的数据资料，比如超标完成销售额。
你的名片同样也很重要，名片可以给人留下深刻的{dy}印象。在你的名字下方列出你最突出的技能或是{zg}学位。不要写联系地址，以表明你随时可以更换工作地点。千万不要忽视了名片的背面，不要让背面一片空白，可以在这里写下你曾经效力过的最有实力的那家公司的名称。
4. 不求回报地帮助他人
不管你现在已经上班了还是正在寻找工作，都应当不计回报地帮助别人发展事业。
新方向公司（New Directions）是波士顿一家为xx管理人员提供职业转型及职业规划服务的公司，他们的客户是待业的xx管理人员，公司鼓励这些客户为那些拿救济金的母亲、无家可归的退伍老兵和其他寻找工作的人提供帮助。银行家勒尼汉（Mike Lenihan）在2003年之后三次成为新方向公司的客户，每次都担当了义务职业导师的角色。
他说，自己最近的一次任务是给一些失业的行政助理分析就业市场的严峻形势，结果给美国合众银行（U.S. Bancorp）一位招聘专员留下了很好的印象。1月份，他担任了合众银行某个事业部的高级副总裁。
斯蒂尔（Mary Steele）是达美航空公司（Delta Air Lines Inc.）的行政赔偿主管，她在职业生涯中获得过很多人的帮助，所以她表示，“我希望能把这种善意继续传递下去。”
2006年在找工作的时候，斯蒂尔开始编制一份高薪人力资源职位列表，而她自己要找的其实并不是这样的工作。现在她每年都给500多个人发300封类似的有关{zx1}职位指南的电邮，这些人多数是经验丰富的人力资源经理。
5. 充份了解自己──做好接受新挑战的准备
经常审视自己的理想、自身价值及有效技能。审慎细致的自我评估，可以缓解你对于职业、行业、工作地、收入改变的紧张感。
皮尔索尔（Christopher Pearsall）起初是拿计时工资的制造业工人，2006年失业，第二年在一家商业软件开发公司找了一份产品经理的工作，并兼职从事急救员工作。2008年再次失业后，他决定从事自己真正喜爱的事业：医疗保健。
现在，皮尔索尔马上就要完成护理学校的学业了。他说，“我又一次得到了重生。”
要想在目前的公司做得成功，你应该让自己有足够的变通能力，可以适应其他的平级岗位。职场是青睐那些多面手的──这一点在我身上可以得到证实。
我撰写的这个专栏致力于为寻常的职场困惑提供不寻常的解决之道，如今已经持续整整17年了，今天这一篇文章便是这个专栏的的收官之作。很快我会在WSJ.com开设一个新的提供建议的专栏，每月一篇文章，在这个新专栏中我将接受一个全新的挑战：为高级管理人员的职业发展出谋划策。
英文原文：The Keys to Unlocking Your Most Successful Career
Finding a job, flourishing on the job and moving into a better job demand plenty of work-especially during a jobless recovery.
That's why I am offering my five best lessons for managing your career, gleaned since I launched this column in July 1993. They include the importance of out-of-the box networking, sweating the small stuff and knowing yourself well enough that you're always ready for reinvention.
The lessons' common theme? No one can manage You Inc. better than you. And here's how to do it:
1. Network effectively rather than aimlessly.
Focus on forging 'strategic relationships' at 10 prospective employers, suggests Paul Anderson, a career coach in Redmond, Wash. That means avoiding an 'elevator pitch' in which you buttonhole people and give them your career pitch on the fly.
'Relationships can't be built in 60 seconds,'' Mr. Anderson insists. 'People hire people they like and trust.' So, work on building better ties with your contacts by being a reliable resource for them and offering frequent updates about your career.
You can land strong introductions through your closest contacts, social networking sites and good 'connectors,' who may have nothing to do with your line of work. These professionals, such as hairstylists, dentists, ministers and accountants, amass connections that cut across industries.
Connectors 'make introductions because they like to,' notes Diane Darling, a networking consultant in Boston. She expanded her connections and consulting gigs by creating a personal board of advisers.
For the same reason, attend industry conferences that attract targeted businesses. Scrutinize the guest list, pinpoint executives you wish to meet and schedule encounters there.
When Tayari Howard was an aspiring radio personality in the '90s, he attended about 10 public events hosted by a San Diego station before meeting a department head and pitching his candidacy for a job. 'Persistence paid off!' says Mr. Howard, who was hired by the radio station in June 1995, and still hosts a nightly show there.
2. Sweat the small stuff.
Tiny missteps may derail your career. You appear unpolished when you talk like an adolescent, curse at colleagues or proffer a sweaty palm.
Outdated clothes, frayed cuffs, messy hair, scuffed shoes or excess cleavage also signal poor judgment. 'Looking your best at any age is what you should aspire to,' advises Patricia Cook, an executive recruiter in Bronxville, N.Y.
Even bathroom habits count. High-tech recruiter Dora Vell once worked for a major search firm where the receptionist alerted partners if candidates using the guest toilet near her desk failed to wash their hands. (She could hear the faucet.)
This lesson also applies to cover letters. Inspirica, a New York high school and college tutoring concern, found mistakes in 93% of 220 letters from tutor applicants over the past year. Many flawed letters came from experienced writing tutors.
'Pay attention to everything you write in cover letters,' warns Lisa Jacobson, Inspirica's CEO. 'Otherwise, you will get weed whacked right out.' Her firm hired just 15 tutors in the fiscal year ended in June.
3. Make your résumé and business card work overtime for you.
Too often, résumés chronicle your past rather than promote marketable skills that would benefit potential employers. An additional 'pre-résumé' may make more sense, says Rick Gillis, an author of two job-hunting books who devised the concept. The one-page document contains a brief objective statement that describes precise ways you will improve a particular company, he adds.
A pre-résumé also includes highlights of four career accomplishments-plus a string of key words (such as 'multi-task professional') that get detected by resume-tracking software.
An online résumé offers another approach. You can show work samples, references' video testimonials and any data that may demonstrate successes in your career, such as surpassing sales targets.
It's equally important that your business card convey a memorable first impression. List your strongest skills or highest degree right under your name. But omit your physical address to appear flexible about relocation. Don't overlook the reverse side of your card. Rather than leave it blank, you can display the name of a prominent prior employer.
4. Pay it forward.
Whether you're on the job or seeking one, you should help others propel their careers without expecting return favors.
New Directions, an upscale executive-transition-planning firm in Boston, encourages jobless managerial clients to aid welfare mothers, homeless veterans and others hunting for work. Banker Mike Lenihan served as an unpaid mentor all three times he was a New Directions client since 2003.
He says his latest stint, involving coaching unemployed administrative assistants about the tough job market, impressed a U.S. Bancorp hiring official. He joined a unit in January as a senior vice president.
So many people assisted Mary Steele throughout her career that 'I wished to pay it forward,' the head of executive compensation for Delta Air Lines Inc. says.
During a 2006 job hunt, Ms. Steele began compiling a list of high-paid human resources vacancies she didn't pursue. She now emails similar job-lead updates 300 times a year to more than 500 people, mostly seasoned HR managers.
5. Know thyself-and be ready for reinvention.
You should constantly take stock of your dreams, values and transferrable skills. Scrupulous self-assessments can ease jitters about changing your occupation, industry, locale or pay.
After losing his job as a hourly manufacturing worker in 2006, Christopher Pearsall became a product manager for a business-software developer the following year. When the part-time paramedic got laid off again in 2008, he decided to pursue what he really loved: health care.
Mr. Pearsall will soon finish nursing school. 'I have re-reinvented myself,' he says.
To succeed at your current workplace, you must be equally flexible about accepting lateral moves. Businesses like such switch hitters-as I can attest.
Today marks the last print version of a column that sought to provide uncommon solutions to common career dilemmas for 17 years. Soon, in my new monthly advice column on WSJ.com, I'll tackle a new challenge: helping senior executives make the most of their careers.
Joann Lublin
原文地址：http://chinese.wsj.com/gb/20100715/eoe080120.asp?source=UpFeature
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