原文：
在转动设备和流动介质中，低强度的机械振动是不可避免的。因此，在机组的制造和安装过程中，在机组的设计、运行和管理方面应尽可能避免振动造成的干扰问题，把振动危害减轻到{zd1}限度。当泵房或机组发生振动时，应针对具体情况，逐一分析可能造成振动的原因，找出问题的症结后，在采取有效的技术措施加以xx。有些措施比较简单，有些措施相当复杂。若需要大量的资金，应对可采用的几个方案进行技术经济比较，结合机组技术改造进行。以下给出了电机、水泵及泵房振动的常见原因及xx措施。 1、电动机振动常见原因及xx措施 1）轴承偏磨：机组不同心或轴承磨损。 xx措施：重校机组同心度，调整或更换轴承。 2）定转子摩擦：气隙不均匀或轴承磨损。 xx措施：重新调整气隙，调整或更换轴承。 3）转子不能停在任意位置或动力不平衡。 xx措施：重校转子静平衡和动平衡。 4）轴向松动：螺丝松动或安装不良。 xx措施：拧紧螺丝，检查安装质量。 5）基础在振动：基础刚度差或底角螺丝松动。 xx措施：加固基础或拧紧底角螺丝。 6）三相电流不稳：转矩减小，转子笼条或端环发生故障。 xx措施：检查并修理转子笼条或端环。 2、水泵振动常见原因及xx措施 1）手动盘车困难：泵轴弯曲、轴承磨损、机组不同心、叶轮碰泵壳。 xx措施：校直泵轴、调整或更换轴承、重校机组同心度、重调间隙。 2）泵轴摆度过大：轴承和轴颈磨损或间隙过大。 xx措施：修理轴颈、调整或更换轴承。 3）水力不平衡：叶轮不平衡、离心泵个别叶槽堵塞或损坏。 xx措施：重校叶轮静平衡和动平衡、xx堵塞，修理或更换叶轮。 4）轴流泵轴功率过大：进水池水位太低，叶轮淹没深度不够，杂物缠绕叶轮，泵汽蚀损坏程度不同，叶轮缺损。 xx措施：抬高进水池水位，降低水泵安装高程xx杂物,并设置栏污栅，修理或更换叶轮。 5）基础在振动：基础刚度差或底角螺丝松动或共振。 xx措施：加固基础、拧紧地脚螺丝。 6）离心泵机组效率急剧下降或轴流泵机组效率略有下降，伴有汽蚀噪音。 xx措施：改变水泵转速，避开共振区域，查明发生汽蚀的原因，采取措施xx汽蚀。 3、其它原因引起的机组振动及xx措施 1）拦污栅堵塞，进水池水位降低。 xx措施：栏污栅清污，加设栏污栅清污装置。 2）前池与进水池设计不合理，进水流道与泵不配套使进水条件恶化。 xx措施：栏污栅清污，加设栏污栅清污装置合理设计与该进前池、进水池和进水流道的设计。 3）形成虹吸时间过长，使机组较长时间在非设计工况运行。 xx措施：加设抽真空装置，合理设计与改进虹吸式出水流道。 4）进水管道固定不牢或引起共振。 xx措施：加设管道镇墩和支墩，加固管道支撑，改变运行参数，改变运行参数避开共振区。 5）拍门反复撞击门座或关闭撞击力过大。 xx措施：流道（或管道）出口前设排气孔，合理设计拍门采取控制措施，减小拍门关闭时的撞击力。 6）出水管道内压力急剧变化及水锤作用。 xx措施：缓闭阀及调压井等其它防止水锤措施。 7）机组启动和停机顺序不合理，致使水泵进水条件恶化。 xx措施：优化开机和停机顺序。

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译文：
In the rotating equipment and mobile media, low-intensity mechanical vibration is inevitable. Therefore, the unit's manufacturing and installation process, the unit's design, operation and management aspects should be Jinke Neng Bi Mian Zhendongzaocheng of interference problems, the Zhendongweihai reduce to a minimum. Vibration occurs when the pumping station or unit should be specific situation, analyze the possible causes of vibration, identify problems, the effective technical measures taken to eliminate them. Some relatively simple measures, some measures are complex. If you need a lot of money, should adopt the technical and economic comparison of several programs, combined with technological innovation unit. The following gives the motor, pump and pump vibration of the common causes and elimination measures. 1, motor vibration and elimination of common causes 1) bearing eccentric wear: Unit misalignment or bearing wear. Elimination measures: re-concentricity school unit, adjustment or replacement. 2) The rotor friction: uneven air gap, or bearing wear. Elimination measures: re-adjust the air gap, adjustment or replacement. 3) The rotor can not be stopped at any position or power imbalance. Elimination measures: re-rotor static balance and dynamic balance school. 4) axial loose: screw loose or poor installation. Elimination measures: tighten the screws, check installation quality. 5) foundation vibration: the basis of poor or bottom corner screw loose stiffness. Elimination of measures: reinforcing basic or tighten the screws bottom corner. 6) three-phase current instability: reduced torque, rotor cage bar or end ring failure. Elimination measures: check and repair the rotor cage bar or end ring. 2, pump vibration and elimination of common causes 1) Manually Turning difficulty: shaft bending, bearing wear, units of different heart and touch the pump impeller shell. Elimination measures: straightening shaft, adjust or replace bearings, heavy school unit concentricity, weight transfer gap. 2) shaft placed through the large: bearing and journal wear and tear or gap is too large. Elimination measures: journal repair, adjustment or replacement. 3) hydraulic imbalance: impeller imbalance, pump blockage or damage to individual leaves slot. Elimination measures: re-static balance and dynamic balance school impeller, eliminating congestion, repair or replace impeller. 4) axial flow pump shaft power is too large: into the pool water level is too low, not enough depth of impeller submerged, debris winding impeller, pump cavitation damage in varying degrees, impeller defect. Elimination measures: raising the water level into the pool, reducing pump installation elevation to eliminate debris, and set the bar sewage gate, repair or replace impeller. 5) foundation vibration: the basis of stiffness or poor or the bottom corner screw loose resonance. Elimination measures: strengthening the basis tighten anchor bolts. 6) The sharp decline in the efficiency of centrifugal or axial unit unit efficiency decreased slightly, accompanied by cavitation noise. Elimination of measures: changing water pump speed to avoid resonance region, to identify the reasons for occurrence of cavitation and take measures to eliminate cavitation. 3, other causes of vibration and the elimination of measures 1) The trash rack plug, into the pool water level lower. Elimination measures: column sewage gate decontamination, additional column clean up sewage plant gate. 2) into the pool before the pool design and unreasonable, and the pump inlet conduit so that flow conditions do not deteriorate matching. Elimination measures: column sewage gate decontamination, additional column clean up pollution devices to design and gate into the front of the pool, into the pool and into the flow channel design. 3) the formation of siphon too long to set a long time to run in non-design condition. Elimination of measures: an additional vacuum equipment, reasonable design and improvement of siphon conduit. 4) The water pipe is not strong or fixed resonance. Elimination of measures: an additional pipeline pier and buttress the town, reinforcing pipe supports, change operating parameters, change operating parameters to avoid the resonance region. 5) Block-to-door or closed door repeatedly crash impact force is too large. Elimination measures: flow (or pipe) vent pre-export based, design-to-door to take reasonable control measures to reduce the closed door, the impact force. 6) The dramatic changes in water pressure in pipes and water hammer. Elimination measures: slow closing valve and surge tank, and other measures to prevent water hammer. 7) unit startup and shutdown order is unreasonable, resulting in deterioration in pump inlet conditions. Elimination measures: optimize the boot and shutdown sequence.