科学网-咪唑安定对意识的影响研究进展与文献分析
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瀛﹁€呰鍩规壃 鍙戣〃浜? 2010-6-4 14:48:11
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鏂囩尞鍒嗘瀽缁撴灉

midazolam  and   consciousness

 

鏈€鏂扮爺绌惰繘灞?/p>

2010 Feb 9;107(6):2681-6. Epub 2010 Jan 25.

, , , , , , , .

Department of Psychiatry and Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA.

Abstract

By employing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in combination with high-density electroencephalography (EEG), we recently reported that cortical effective connectivity is disrupted during early non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. This is a time when subjects, if awakened, may report little or no conscious content. We hypothesized that a similar breakdown of cortical effective connectivity may underlie loss of consciousness (LOC) induced by pharmacologic agents. Here, we tested this hypothesis by comparing EEG responses to TMS during wakefulness and LOC induced by the benzodiazepine midazolam. Unlike spontaneous sleep states, a subject's level of vigilance can be monitored repeatedly during pharmacological LOC. We found that, unlike during wakefulness, wherein TMS triggered responses in multiple cortical areas lasting for >300 ms, during midazolam-induced LOC, TMS-evoked activity was local and of shorter duration. Furthermore, a measure of the propagation of evoked cortical currents (significant current scattering, SCS) could reliably discriminate between consciousness and LOC. These results resemble those observed in early NREM sleep and suggest that a breakdown of cortical effective connectivity may be a common feature of conditions characterized by LOC. Moreover, these results suggest that it might be possible to use TMS-EEG to assess consciousness during anesthesia and in pathological conditions, such as coma, vegetative state, and minimally conscious state.

PMID: 20133802 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]PMCID: PMC2823915 [Available on 2010/8/9]

 

  • [Science. 2005]
  • [Neuroimage. 2010]
  • [PLoS One. 2007]
  • [Neurophysiol Clin. 2003]
  • [Eur J Neurosci. 2009]

 

 

 

 

Midazolam - Compound Summary (CID )


A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.

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BioMedical Annotation: (Total:1)         


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Midazolam hydrochloride is a water-soluble benzodiazepine available as a sterile, nonpyrogenic parenteral dosage form for intravenous or intramuscular injection. Each mL contains midazolam hydrochloride equivalent to 1mg or 5mg midazolam

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- Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

- Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.


//  Pharmacological Classification

      
            
                  
                        
                              
            
                  
                        
                              
                                    
                        
                        
                              
                  
                  
                        
                              
            
                  
                        
                        
                              
                                    
                                          
                              
                              
                                    
                        
                        
                              
                                    


//  Chemical Classification

      
            
                  
                        


- Peer-reviewed summary of toxicity and biomedical effects

- European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances

- European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances

- European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances

- Citations to the toxicological literature

- Citations to the toxicological literature

- Citations to the toxicological literature

- Information on chemicals that breastfeeding mothers may be exposed

- Registry of federal and private clinical trials


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Properties Computed from Structure:
Molecular Weight 328.745288 [g/mol]
Molecular Formula C18H13ClFN3
XLogP3 2.5
H-Bond Donor 0
H-Bond Acceptor 3
Rotatable Bond Count 1
Exact Mass 328.088268
MonoIsotopic Mass 328.088268
Topological Polar Surface Area 30.2
Heavy Atom Count 23
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 471
Isotope Atom Count 3
Defined Atom StereoCenter Count 0
Undefined Atom StereoCenter Count 0
Defined Bond StereoCenter Count 0
Undefined Bond StereoCenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1


Descriptors Computed from Structure:
IUPAC Name: 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,
4]benzodiazepine
Canonical SMILES: CC1=NC=C2N1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=NC2)C4=CC=CC=C4F
Isomeric SMILES: [13CH3][13C]1=N[13CH]=C2N1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=NC2)C4=CC=CC=C4F
InChI:
InChIKey: DDLIGBOFAVUZHB-JVGDUDMDSA-N


Compound Information:
CID //  
Related Compounds:

Similar Compounds:
Similar Conformers:     


Substance Information:
Substances:

Category: [for same structure substances]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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