原文：
水垢对阀门使用规律： 1、工艺过程里死区的存在会使过程变量偏离原设定点。所以控制器的输出必须增大到足于克服死区，只有这一纠正性的动作才会发生。 2、（1）影响死区的主要因素。 摩擦力、游移、阀轴扭转、放大器的死区。各种控制阀对摩擦里敏感是不一样的，比如旋转阀对于由高的阀座负载引起的摩擦力就非常敏感,故使用时注意到这一点。但是对于有些密封型式,高的阀座负载是为了获得关闭等级所必须的。这样， 这种阀设计出来就非常差,容易引起很大的死区，这对过程偏差度的影响是显而易见的，简直是决定性的。 （2）磨损。 阀门在正常使用时出现磨损是在所难免的,但是润滑层的磨损是最厉害的的，根据我们实验证实,润滑旋转阀只经过几百次循环动作，润滑层差不多可以刚刷子使用(夸张点,不然写文章很郁闷)。另外压力引起的负载也会导致密封层的磨损,这些都是导致摩擦力增加主要因素。 （3）填料摩擦力是 控制阀摩擦力的主要来源。 使用的填料不同,造成的摩擦力有很大的差别。 （4）执行机构的类型不同也对摩擦力有根本性的影响。 一般来说弹簧薄膜执行机构比活塞执行机构好。

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译文：
Scale use of law on the valve: 1 dead process in the presence of process variables will deviate from the original set point. So the controller's output must be increased enough to overcome the dead zone to only the corrective action will occur. 2, (1) the main factors affect the dead zone. Friction, wander, the valve shaft to reverse, the amplifier's dead. Friction in a variety of control valves is not the same sensitive, such as rotary valve seat for high load caused by the friction is very sensitive, so use note. But for some seal types, high seat load is to be shut down rating requires. Thus, this valve designed very poor, easily aroused great dead, and this degree of deviation of the process is obvious, just be decisive. (2) wear. Valves when in normal use and wear is inevitable, but the wear of lubricating layer is the most powerful, and according to our experiments demonstrated that lubricating rotary valve action only a few hundred cycles, lubricating layer can almost use just brush (an exaggeration point, or writing articles very depressed). Another load can lead to stress-induced seal wear layer, these are the main factors leading to increased friction. (3) control valve packing friction is a major source of friction. Different filling materials used, resultingin very different friction. (4) different types of executing agencies have a fundamental impact on the friction. Generally spring Film executive body better than the piston actuator.