原文：
阀门安装的质量、直接影响着使用，所以必须认真注意。 一、方向和位置 许多阀门具有方向性，例如截止阀，节流阀，减压阀、止回阀等，如果装倒装反，就会影响使用效果与寿命（如节流阀），或者根本不起作用（如减压阀），甚至造成危险（如止回阀）。一般阀门，在阀体上有方向标志；万一没有，应根据阀门的工作原理，正确识别。 截止阀的阀腔左右不对称，流体要让其由下而上通过阀口，这样流体阻力小（由形状所决定），开启省力（因介质压力向上），关闭后介质不压填料，便于检修。这就是截止阀为什么不可安反的道理。其它阀门也有各自的特性。 阀门安装的位置，必须方便于操作；即使安装暂时困难些，也要为操作人员的长期工作着想。{zh0}阀门手轮与胸口取齐（一般离操作地坪1.2米），这样，开闭阀门比较省劲。落地阀门手轮要朝上，不要倾斜，以免操作别扭。靠墙机靠设备的阀门，也要留出操作人员站立余地。要避免仰天操作，尤其是酸碱、有毒介质等，否则很不安全。 闸阀不要倒装（即手轮向下），否则会使介质长期留存在阀盖空间，容易腐蚀阀杆，而且为某些工艺要求所禁忌。同时更换填料极不方便。 明杆闸阀，不要安装在地下，否则由于潮湿而腐蚀外露的阀杆。 升降式止回阀，安装时要保证其阀瓣垂直，以便升降灵活。 旋启式止回阀，安装时要保证其销轴水平，以便旋启灵活。 减压阀要直立安装在水平管道上，各个方向都不要倾斜。 二、施工作业 安装施工必须小心，切忌撞击脆性材料制作的阀门。 安装前，应将阀门作一检查，核对规格型号，鉴定有无损坏，尤其对于阀杆。还要转动几下，看是否歪斜，因为运输过程中，最易撞歪阀杆。还要xx阀内的杂物。 阀门起吊时，绳子不要系在手轮或阀杆上，以免损坏这些部件，应该系在法兰上。 对于阀门所连接的管路，一定要清扫干净。可用压缩 空气吹去氧化铁屑、泥砂、焊渣和其他杂物。这些杂物，不但容易擦伤阀门的密封面，其中大颗粒杂物（如焊渣），还能堵死小阀门，使其失效。 安装螺口阀门时，应将密封填料（线麻加铅油或聚四氟乙烯生料带），包在管子螺纹上，不要弄到阀门里，以免阀内存积，影响介质流通。 安装法兰阀门时，要注意对称均匀地把紧螺栓。阀门法兰与管子法兰必须平行，间隙合理，以免阀门产生过大压力，甚至开裂。对于脆性材料和强度不高的阀门，尤其要注意。 须与管子焊接的阀门，应先点焊，再将关闭件全开，然后焊死。 三、保护设施 有些阀门还须有外部保护，这就是保温和保冷。保温层内有时还要加伴热蒸汽管线。什么样的阀门应该保温或保冷，要根据生产要求而定。原则地说，凡阀内介质降低温度过多，会影响生产效率或冻坏阀门，就需要保温，甚至伴热；凡阀门裸露，对生产不利或引起结霜等不良现象时，就需要保冷。保温材料有石棉，矿渣棉、玻璃棉、珍珠岩，硅藻土、蛭石等；保冷材料有软木、珍珠岩、泡沫、塑料等。 长期不用的水、蒸汽阀门必须放掉积水。 四、旁路和仪表 有的阀门，除了必要的保护设施外，还要有旁路和仪表。安装了旁路，便于疏水阀检修。其它阀门，也有安装旁路的。是否安装旁路，要看阀门状况，重要性和生产上的要求而定。 五、填料更换 库存阀门，有的填料已不好使，有的与使用介质不符，这就需要更换填料。 阀门制造厂无法考虑使用单位千门万类的不同介质，填料函内总是装填普通盘根，但使用时，必须让填料与介质相适应。 在更换填料时，要一圈一圈地压入。每圈接缝以45度为宜，圈与圈接缝错开180度。填料高度要考虑压盖继续压紧的余地，现时又要让压盖下部压填料室适当深度，此深度一般可为填料室总深度的10-20%。 对于要求高的阀门，接缝角度为30度。圈与圈之间接缝错开120度。 除上述填料之处，还可根据具体情况，采用橡胶O形环（xx橡胶耐60摄氏度以下弱碱，丁睛橡胶耐80摄氏度以下油品，氟橡胶耐150摄氏度以下多种腐蚀介质）三件叠式聚四氟乙烯圈（耐200摄氏度以下强腐蚀介质）尼龙碗状圈（耐120摄氏度以下氨、碱）等成形填料。在普通石棉盘根外面，包一层聚四氟乙烯生料带，能提高密封效果，减轻阀杆的电化学腐蚀。 在压紧填料时，要同时转动阀杆，以保持四周均匀，并防止太死，拧紧压盖要用力均匀，不可倾斜。

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译文：
Valve installation quality, directly affect the use and must be taken seriously. 1, direction and position Many valves have a direction, such as cut-off valve, throttle valve, reducing valve, check valve, etc., if the anti-loaded flip, it will affect the results and the life (such as the throttle), or simply does not work ( such as pressure reducing valve), and even dangerous (eg, check valve). General valve, the valve body of direction signs; if not, should be based on the working principle of the valve, the correct identification. Valve around the valve chamber asymmetry, fluid through the valve port to make its bottom-up, so fluid resistance (determined by the shape), open the effort (due to media pressure up), closed media do not pressure packed, easy to repair . That is why the cut-off valve is not safe against the truth. Other valves also have their own characteristics. Valve installation position, must be easy to operate; even with some temporary difficulties, but also long-term work for the benefit of operators. Best valve hand wheel and chest Qu Qi (generally 1.2 m from the operating floor), so that open and close valves with greater ease. Landing valve hand wheel to face up, not tilted, which may be awkward. Machine against the wall by the valve device, leaving a reasonable operator standing room. To avoid his back operation, in particular, pH, toxic media, otherwise unsafe. Do not flip gate (or hand wheel down), otherwise it would be retained in the valve cover long-term media space, easy to stem erosion, but also some of the technological requirements of the taboo. At the same time extremely inconvenient to replace the packing. Rising stem gate valves, not to install in the ground, or corrosion due to moisture exposure of the valve stem. Lift check valve, installed to ensure the vertical flap valve to lift and flexible. Swing check valve, installed to ensure the pin level to swing flexibility. Valve to the level of vertical pipe installed, do not tilt in all directions. Second, construction Installation must be careful and avoid the impact of brittle materials of the valve. Before installation, make a check valve should be checked and specifications, identifying no damage, in particular for the valve stem. But also turn a few to see if skewed, because the transport process, most likely hit crooked stem. Also clear the debris inside the valve. Valve lifting, the rope not tied hand wheel or valve stem, so as not to damage these components, it should be tied flange. Pipe connected to the valve must be cleaned. Iron oxide dust can be swept along by the compressed air, mud, sand, welding slag and other debris. These sorts of things, not only easy to scratch the valve sealing surface, which large particle debris (such as welding slag), can also block the small valve, it is invalid. Install screw valve, should seal packing (line Ma leaded petrol or Teflon tape), including the pipe thread, do not get the valve, the valve in order to avoid memory product, impact of media distribution. Flange valve, must pay attention to the bolt evenly symmetrical. Valve flange and pipe flange to be parallel to, reasonable space, so as not to create too much pressure valve, or even cracking. The strength of brittle materials and low valve, with particular attention to. Valves and pipes to be welded should first spot, then close the document open, and then welded shut. Third, protection of facilities Some valves also have external protection, which is heat and cold insulation. Sometimes within the insulation layer and heating steam pipe increases. What kind of valve should be heat or cold insulation, according to the production request. Principle that, where a valve lower the temperature too much media, will affect the efficiency or nipped valve, you need insulation, and even heating; where the valve exposed to production caused by frost and other adverse or undesirable phenomenon, we need kept cold. Insulation materials are asbestos, slag wool, glass wool, perlite, diatomite, vermiculite, etc.; kept cold material with cork, perlite, foam and plastics. Long without water, steam valve to let go of stagnant water. 4, bypass and instrumentation Some valves, in addition to the necessary protection facilities, they also bypass and instrumentation. Installation of a bypass to facilitate repair trap. Other valves, but also to install bypass. Bypass is installed, depend on the valve status, importance and production on request. 5, filling replacement Stock valves, and some have been bad to fill, and some discrepancies with the use of media, which need to replace the packing. Valve manufacturer can not consider the use of 1000 million units in the different media type, always filled with ordinary stuffing inside the packing, but when used, must be adapted to fill with the media. When replacing packing, be pressed into the lap to lap. Each lap joints to 45 degrees is appropriate, circle and circle joints staggered 180 degrees. Packing gland to continue to be considered highly compressed room, now we allow the lower pressure packing gland chamber proper depth, the depth of the general packing room for 10-20% of the total depth. For demanding valve, joint angle of 30 degrees. Stagger joints between the circle and circle 120 degrees. In addition to the filling of the office, but also depending on the circumstances, the use of rubber O-ring (60 degrees Celsius the natural alkali resistant rubber, NBR oil resistant 80 degrees Celsius, fluorine rubber, corrosion resistance to a variety of media 150 degrees Celsius) 3 stacked PTFE ring (200 degrees Celsius strong resistance to corrosive media) Nylon bowl circle (120 degrees Celsius ammonia-resistant, alkali) such as forming filler. Outside the ordinary asbestos packing, including a layer of Teflon tape, can improve the sealing effect, reduce the electrochemical corrosion of the valve stem. In the compression packing, we should also turn the valve stem to keep around even, and to prevent too much death, screw cap to be hard pressed uniform, not tilted.