生活中容易感染艾滋病吗？
　　
　　艾滋病(AIDS)，医学名称为“获得性免疫缺陷综合症”，一种迄今为止无{tx}药且病死率很高的严重传染病，人们谈之色变。我市在1992年就发现了xx艾滋病病毒感染者，至今年6月，艾滋病三种传播途径(性接触、血液、母婴传播)的病例均已在我市出现。

HIV感染者需要告知性伴侣

　　这一情况让不少市民产生了一些担忧。他们认为，艾滋病的三种传播途径中，我们可以通过自我约束，通过自制来主动地切断因性乱、xx等传播艾滋病的途径，但血液传播(除xx外)有些情况下不是靠自制就能预防的，比如输血、打针等等，这些可能导致被动感染艾滋病。

　　那么，这种可能导致被动感染艾滋病的情况在我们的日常生活中主要有哪些?它们感染艾滋病的风险又有多大呢?记者近日走访了我市疾病预防控制中心专家，了解相关情况。

　　医疗器械：你安全吗?

　　据了解，目前发现的本市籍艾滋病病毒感染途径以性接触传播为主，在已知病例中占55.17%，血液传播占10.34%，母婴传播占3.45%，原因不详的占31.03%。市疾病预防控制中心邹主任认为，市民所担心的被动感染主要是通过血液传播，这很大程度是来源于对就医时可能出现的因输血或医疗器械不洁的原因而感染艾滋病。

　　邹主任告诉记者，新《献血法》实施以来，我市非法采血已得到控制，目前我市正规医院的临床用血全部由中心血站提供，这些血液均已经过艾滋病病毒检测，因此，输血感染艾滋病的情况基本上不存在。

　　而医疗器械等的xx情况由我市各级疾控中心xx杀虫科负责监管，每个季度均会对其管辖区内的正规医院及个体有证诊所的医疗器械xx情况进行抽查检测，重点对手术包、注射器、口腔器械、医务人员双手及服装xx量等进行检测。从检测的结果来看，基本上都合格。以人们较常接触的牙科诊所为例，今年上半年梅城(市属及梅江区)26间牙科诊所，仅有7间在空气xx项目上超标，其他各项检测项目均达标。

　　“但这只是对正规医疗机构、个体有证诊所的检测，很多无证诊所我们没办法对其进行检测。”据我市卫生部门了解到，我市目前已发现的无证个体诊所约有200多家。邹主任告诉记者，医疗器具等的xx需要设备条件，检测也要交纳一定费用，因此，一些正规医疗机构、个体有证诊所对检测持抗拒态度，甚至一些公立大医院也很不合作，那些无证诊所就更不用说了。“对前者我们可以用医疗机构执业证来约束，但后者无证可扣，对其毫无约束力……很多时候看见检查人员一来，这些无证诊所就关门拒检，所以这些诊所内的xx情况很难掌握，而一些市民因种种原因会到这些无证诊所看病xx，发生医源性感染的几率非常大。”

　　图为梅城某个体牙科诊所医生正在对医疗器具进行xx。

　　一次性医疗用品：真的是一次性吗?

　　我们都知道，很多医疗用品如针头、输液管等都是一次性的，但在使用时人们无法准确地分辨出其是否已被使用过，对其安全性存在极大疑问。

　　邹主任告诉记者，正规医院、个体有证诊所对这些一次性用品通常是用过即丢弃，“是否重复使用，对比一下他们每月门诊登记和进货单即可得出，骗不了人的……目前一次性医疗用品重复使用的情况较可能发生在无证诊所，甚至一些药店。”

　　据了解，我市有30%左右的药店私设门诊业务，无证行医，这些药店在医疗用品xx及一次性用品使用上可能存在严重问题。这类药店设有输液“业务”，国家规定8元的输液费，他们只收5至6元，这样一来，不少市民贪图便宜或方便，在药店输液。邹主任告诉记者，按规定，药店是没有资格为病人输液的，这种行为是不允许的。而且，每次5至6元的输液费，就算xx不算利益也没办法压到这么低的价格，为谋取利益，他们重复使用输液管以降低成本。“这种情况我们在检查时查处了不少，但问题仍在继续……这种行为是非常危险的，很容易感染上艾滋病、乙肝等传染病。”

　　共用美容器具：当心感染!

　　一些男性顾客喜欢请理发师用剃刀替自己刮脸。对此，邹主任提醒市民，在理发时使用剃刀刮脸，极易刮破xxxx，多人重复共用的剃刀有可能成为艾滋病病毒传播的媒介。另外，理发、美容、文身、扎耳朵眼、修脚等用具未经xx重复使用，也存在感染危险。

　　据了解，我市各级疾控中心公共卫生科每月均会对其管辖区内的美容美发店的剪刀、剃刀等理发用品xx情况进行抽查检测。今年1月至11月底，市疾控中心公共卫生科监测梅城美容美发店共计208家，210家次，其中合格198家次，合格率为94.29%，不合格的原因在于理发用品或用具xx不合格，以及空气xx总数超标。“发现不合格，均要求其整改，不整改可以吊销其卫生许可证不得经营。”

　　94.29%的合格率看似很高，但这只是对有证美容美发店的检测得出的数据，还有不少无证美容美发店无法检测。“我们也想对其进行检测，但难度很大，有些店主极力相抗，有些店主看见检测人员干脆拉下店门不营业，所以，对这些店具体、准确的xx情况掌握不了。”

　　加强xx与监管，但切莫草木皆兵

　　邹主任认为，单凭个人是很难xx这些被动感染危险的，关键还在于各医疗机构、个体诊所提高xx意识，真正把病人的安危摆在xx，切莫为自身短期利益而忽视社会卫生安全;卫生部门应加强监管意识，把好医疗机构xx关。另外，作为市民自身也应多加注意，降低感染危险，比如不到无证诊所看病xx、要求理发师更换新刀片等等。

　　日常生活中确实存在被动感染艾滋病的可能，但切莫因此而草木皆兵，影响正常的生活。在此，专家提醒市民，下列一些日常生活接触是不会感染艾滋病的，如食物、饮水、空气;公共场所的一般日常生活接触，如同在一个教室上课、各种公共交通工具的座位、扶手，办公室的办公用品，工厂车间的工具，以及影剧院、商场、游泳池等场所的接触;礼节性亲吻、拥抱;双方手部皮肤完好时的握手;公用马桶、浴缸;蚊虫叮咬;纸币、硬币、票证等等。
Life, susceptible to AIDS?

AIDS (AIDS), medical name for "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome", a high fatality so far no cure for serious diseases, people are talking crazy. City in 1992 discovered the first HIV-infected persons, in June this year, three kinds of AIDS transmission routes (sexual contact, blood, mother to child transmission) of the cases have occurred in the city.


HIV infected persons need to inform the sexual partner

This situation so many people have had some concerns. In their view, the three routes of transmission of AIDS, we can through self-restraint, through the self-made to take the initiative to cut off the result of sexual promiscuity, drug abuse and other means of transmission of AIDS, but blood-borne (except drugs,) in some cases can not rely on self-made prevention, such as blood transfusions, injections, etc., which may lead to passive AIDS.

Well, this may lead to the passive situation of HIV infection in our daily lives What are the main? Their risk of HIV infection wonders how much? Reporter recently visited the city's Center for Disease Control and Prevention experts, understand the relevant situation.

Medical Devices: Are you safe?

It is understood that the city found ways to nationals of HIV infection sexually transmitted mainly in the cases accounted for 55.17% of known, blood transmission accounted for 10.34%, mother to child transmission accounts for 3.45% for unspecified reasons accounted for 31.03%. Municipal Center for Disease Control Zou Zhuren think that the public are worried about the passive infection is mainly transmitted through blood, which is largely derived from the right medical treatment that may arise due to blood transfusions or medical equipment unclean because transmission of AIDS.

Zouzhu Ren told reporters that the new "Blood Donation Law" since the implementation of the city of illegal blood collection has been brought under control, at present the formal city hospitals to provide blood for clinical use entirely by blood transfusion center, which have been the blood of HIV testing, therefore, blood transfusion infection AIDS is basically non-existent.

The disinfection of medical instruments such as CDC fumigation by the city at all levels of Division is responsible for monitoring each quarter will be within the jurisdiction of its regular hospitals and clinics, individuals with permits to conduct random checks of medical equipment sterilization testing, focusing on surgical bag, syringes, dental instruments, medical staff quantity of bacteria on hands and clothing, etc. for testing. From the testing results, basically qualified. People more often in contact with dental clinics, for example, in the first half of this year Meicheng (Meijiang municipal and district) 26 dental clinics, with only seven items on the excessive bacteria in the air, the other test items were compliance.

"But this is only the formal medical institutions and individual identity card testing clinics, many unlicensed clinics, we can not detect them.", According to city health department learned that the city has been found that there are about 200 undocumented private clinics over. Zouzhu Ren told reporters that the disinfection of medical equipment and other necessary equipment conditions, testing should also pay a fee, therefore, some formal medical institutions, individuals have a permit the detection of recalcitrant clinics, and even some large hospitals have not co-operative public, who can not Permit not to mention the clinic. "For the former we can use to restrain medical certificate to practice, but the latter can be deducted without a license, its no binding ... ... often to see the inspectors came, they refused to close unlicensed clinics for the examination, so these clinics Disinfection of the situation is difficult to grasp, but for various reasons, some people will go to the treatment of these illegal immigrant clinics took place very large risk of iatrogenic infection. "

The picture shows an individual dental clinic Meicheng doctors are medical equipment were disinfected.

Disposable medical supplies: a one-off really do?

We all know that a lot of medical supplies such as needles, infusion tubes, etc. are all one-off, but when used can not accurately tell the people whether they have been used, its security presence is greatly in doubt.

Zouzhu Ren told reporters that the regular hospitals, clinics, individual identity card for these one-time items are often used that is discarded, "Do you re-use, compare their monthly out-patient registration and Jinhuo Dan can be reached that does not fool people ... ... now reuse of disposable medical supplies situation is more likely to occur in unlicensed clinics, and even some pharmacies. "

It is understood that 30% of the city kangaroo outpatient pharmacy business, practice without a license, these pharmacies in medical supplies and disinfection and the use of disposable items may be a serious problem. Such pharmacies with transfusion "business", the state provided the infusion costs 8 yuan, they received only 5-6 yuan, such a result, many people are freeloaders or convenience, in the pharmacy infusion. Zouzhu Ren told reporters, according to regulations, pharmacies are not eligible for transfusion to patients, this behavior is not allowed. Moreover, each infusion 5-6 yuan fee, even if there is no way the interest is not entirely down to such a low price, in order to seek benefits, they re-use infusion tube to reduce costs. "This situation, we investigated a lot of time of the inspection, but the problem continues ... ... This behavior is very dangerous and can be easily infected with HIV, hepatitis B and other infectious diseases."

Share beauty appliances: Beware infection!

Some male clients prefer to request that the barber shave with the razor for themselves. In this regard, Zou Zhuren reminded the public that the use of razor shave at the barber is very easy to scratch small blood vessels, more than repeat the common razor may become HIV transmission medium. In addition, the barber, beauty, tattoo, bar Erduo Yan, pedicure and other re-use of unsterilized equipment, there are also risk of infection.

It is understood that the city at all levels of CDC Public Health Division within the jurisdiction of each month will be their beauty hair salon scissors, razors and other barber supplies disinfection conduct random testing. This year in January to the end of November, the Urban CDC Division of Public Health to monitor a total of 208 Meicheng Hairdressing Shops, 210 times, including qualified 198 times, a pass rate of 94.29%, the failure is due to hair supplies or equipment sterilization failure, as well as the total number of bacteria in the air exceeded. "Discovery failed, require the rectification, the rectification may be revoked no licenses may not operate their health."

94.29% pass rate seems high, but only to have the test certificate Hairdressing Shops derived data, there are many undocumented Hairdressing Shops can not be detected. "We also want to test them, but it is very difficult, and some shopkeepers strong proposition, and some shopkeepers saw the inspectors simply pull down and shops are closed, so these stores specific, accurate and disinfection can not grasp the situation."

Step up disinfection and supervision, but to refrain from panic

Zou Zhuren that alone is very difficult to eliminate these passive personal risk of infection, and the key lies in the various medical institutions, private clinics raising awareness of disinfection, the real safety of the patient in the first place and not to play for their own short-term interest expense of social hygiene and safety ; health sector should strengthen the regulation of consciousness, the better off sterilization in medical institutions. In addition, as the people themselves should pay more attention to reduce the risk of infection, such as less than the treatment of undocumented clinics require replacement blades, and so the barber.

Daily life, the existence of HIV infection may be passive, but should by no means be real or imagined, affecting normal life. In this, the experts reminded the public that daily contact with some of the following will not be infected with HIV, such as food, water, air; public places, the general daily contact, as in a classrooms, a variety of public transport seats, handrails, office of office supplies, factory floor tools, as well as theaters, shopping malls, swimming pools and other places of contact; courtesy kissing, hugging; both hands to shake hands when the skin is intact; public toilet, bathtub; mosquito bites; banknotes, coins, tickets, etc. and so on.