原文：
Autopilot Although simple to use, but also to some extent limited the imaging results, especially in some special effects we want to achieve when the autopilot can not do anything. Here is a simple example, if 100 is the perfect score, automatic files allows us to easily get 60 points or 70 points, photos, and if you want to go further, by 80 points or 90 points in the photo, then we need to shoot under scene, the camera more in-depth set. In general, these settings include aperture, shutter speed, White Balance, ISO and so a number of parameters. Because photography is a gradual increase in the level of the process, some more in-depth study and beginning to set in and we could not use, so we will briefly introduce the current period of several commonly used settings, and other parameters will in future combat tutorial gradually involved. Taking into account we learn the purpose of photography, as long as satisfactory results in order to be able to shoot pictures, not to master the theory which a large set of boring, so this issue "all people photography" using from the "Practice to Theory" to the point elaborated look at the photo, from photographs to analyze the effect of the method to achieve. As this series of tutorials aimed at the camera just starting to prepare from scratch to improve the Photographer, so explaining the content will start from basic. If you are already a Senior Photographer, this part may be very simple for you, and we also hope to share their photography Photographer on aperture, shutter, etc. to use their experience to help us make progress together! pagebreak Page 2: Before you begin to understand the concept of * Before you begin to understand the concept of Exposure, over-exposed and less exposed In lecturing, we first understand the concept: the exposure. Often hear people say: This film has been exposed, or: This film is underexposed. Then, exposure is the mean? Film era, all the film on a layer of photosensitive coating, when the light shines on it, the film based on the intensity of light, color, chemical reaction, and then through the fuser, imaging after the photos came out beautiful. To the digital age, sensitive film has been rarely used, CMOS and CCD digital cameras as the light-sensitive element, replacing the sensitive film, but its really the same basic principles are sensitive to give a suitable optical CCD or CMOS . Please note that the "appropriate", not the better. In the amount of light into the appropriate circumstances, the level of rich images, color restore normal, then known as the exposure accuracy than the standard (too much into the amount of light) is overexposed, not meet this standard (into the small amount of light) is the exposure inadequate. Excessive and will cause less loss of image detail photos, affect the imaging results. In order to complete this process, we need to set the appropriate aperture, shutter speed appropriate, but necessary, we need the help of the ISO. How well these three elements, the following, we will talk about the three discipline photography entry. pagebreak 1a73 Page 3: Discipline 1: flexible use of your aperture * Discipline 1: flexible use of your aperture Aperture: depth of field effects creator Aperture of the English name is Aperture, simply, it is a used to control the amount of light entering the device, we can control the light entering it as a valve. Valve is larger, the unit time to enter the light on the multi. We generally use our aperture F value of expression, such as F1.4, F2.8, F16 and so on. F behind the numbers are smaller, the larger the aperture shows. Aperture size of the camera or lens to judge the performance of a very important indicator.
原文来自：http://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/16/nyregion/new-jersey-daily-briefing-valve-caused-pipes-to-burst.html

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译文: 阀门感光焦距
自动档虽然简单易用，但是也在一定程度上限制了 成像的效果，特别是在我们想要达成一些特殊效果的时候，自动档就无能为力了。举个简单的例子，如果 100分是满分，自动档可以让我们轻松的得到60分或者70分的照片，而如果你想更进一步，得到80分甚至90分的照片，那就需要咱们根据拍摄的场景，对相机进行更深入的设置了。 　　一般来说，这些设置的因素包括光圈、快门、白平衡、ISO等等一系列的 参数。由于摄影水平的提高是一个逐步的过程，有些比较深入的设置在学习之初可能 我们并不会用到，所以我们本期将简单介绍几个常用的设置，其他参数会在以后的实战教程中逐渐涉及到。考虑到咱们学习摄影的目的，只要是为了能拍出满意效果的照片，而不是为了掌握那一大套枯燥的理论，所以本期《全民摄影》采用从“实践 到理论”的角度来阐述，先看照片，再从照片的效果来分析做到的方法。 　　由于本系列教程主要针对刚刚入手相机、准备从零开始提高的摄友，所以在讲解时会从 基本的内容开始。如果您已经是资深摄友，这部分内容可能对您就很简单了，同时，我们 也希望各位摄友能分享自己在摄影中对光圈、快门等的使用心得，帮助大家共同进步！ pagebreak 第2页：开始之前要明白的概念 ?开始之前要明白的概念 曝光、过曝和欠曝 　　在开讲之前，我们先了解一个概念：曝光。经常会听人说：这片子过曝了，或者是：这片子曝光不足。那么，曝光是什么意思呢？ 　　胶片时代，所有的胶片上有一层感光涂层，当光线照射在上面之后，胶片会根据光线的强弱、颜色，进行化学反应，然后经过定影、显影之后，美丽的照片就出来了。 　　到了数码时代，感光胶片已经很少有人使用了，CMOS和CCD作为数码相机上的感光元件，取代了感光胶片，但其基本原理实一样的，都是感光，就是要给CCD或者CMOS合适的光。请注意，是“合适”，而不是越多越好。 　　在进光量合适的情况下，影像的层次丰富，色彩还原正常，此时称为曝光准确，超过这个标准（进光量太大）就是曝光过度，达不到这个标准（进光量太小）就是曝光不足。过度和不足都会使照片失去影像细节，影响成像效果。 　　为了完成这一过程，我们需要设置合适的光圈，合适的快门速度,而必要时，我们就需要ISO的帮忙了。如何用好这三个要素，下面，我们就讲讲摄影入门的三大纪律。 pagebreak 1a73 第3页：纪律一：灵活运用你的光圈 ?纪律一：灵活运用你的光圈 光圈：景深效果的创造者 　　光圈的英文名称是Aperture，简单的说，它是一个用来控制进入相机的光的数量的装置，咱们可以把它看做是控制光进入的阀门。阀门越大，则单位时间内进入的光就多。 　　我们一般用我们F值表达光圈大小，如F1.4、F2.8、F16等等。F后面的数字越小，则说明光圈越大。光圈的大小是判断相机或者镜头性能的一个极其重要的指标。

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