姘寸幓鐠冪矘缁撳墏浠锋牸浣庡粔锛屾潵婧愬厖瓒筹紝鍚屾椂鏃犺壊銆佹棤鍛炽€佹棤姣掞紝鍦ㄧ幆淇濊姹傛棩鐩婁弗鏍肩殑浠婂ぉ锛屾按鐜荤拑绮樼粨鍓傚彲浠ュ疄鐜扮豢鑹查摳閫犵敓浜э紝寰堝宸ュ巶閮藉湪閲囩敤姘寸幓鐠冪矘缁撳墏鐢熶骇绾匡紝搴旂敤闈炲父骞挎硾銆傝　閲忔按鐜荤拑绮樼粨鍓傛€ц兘鐨勬妧鏈寚鏍囨湁寰堝锛屾ā鏁版槸鍏朵腑鏈€閲嶈鐨勪竴涓?/span>^[1~2]銆?/span>

1銆佹按鐜荤拑绮樼粨鍓傜殑妯℃暟鐨勫畾涔?/span>

姘寸幓鐠冪矘缁撳墏鐨勪竴涓噸瑕佸弬鏁板氨鏄ā鏁帮紙modulus锛夛紝瀹冩槸姘寸幓鐠冧腑SiO₂鍜?/span>Na₂O鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忎箣姣旓紝涓€鑸敤m琛ㄧず涓猴細

m锛?/font>n_(SiO2)/n_(Na2O)    …………………………………锛?/span>1锛?/span>

   寮忥紙1锛変腑锛?/span>n_{锛?/span>SiO2锛?/span>}琛ㄧず姘寸幓鐠冧腑SiO₂鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忥紝

n_{锛?/span>Na2O锛?/span>}琛ㄧず姘寸幓鐠冧腑Na₂O鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忋€?/span>

   妯℃暟瀵规按鐜荤拑绮樼粨鍓傜殑绮樺害銆佸浐鍖栭€熷害鍜岀矘缁撳己搴︽彁楂樼巼閮芥湁褰卞搷^[1]銆?/span>

2銆佹按鐜荤拑妯℃暟娴嬪畾鐨勭悊璁轰緷鎹?/span>

姘寸幓鐠冪殑妯℃暟铏界劧鏄竴涓緢閲嶈鐨勫弬鏁帮紝浣嗗緢澶氬伐鍘傚線寰€寰堥毦鍑嗙‘鐨勬祴瀹氳繖涓噸瑕佺殑鍙傛暟锛屽鑷村緢澶氬伐鑹虹壒鍒槸鍨嬬爞鍥哄寲宸ヨ壓涓嶅敖濡備汉鎰忥紝鍚屾椂瀵规棫鐮傜殑鍥炴敹涔熸湁寰堝ぇ鐨勫奖鍝嶃€傛按鐜荤拑妯℃暟娴嬪畾涓€鑸噰鐢ㄤ互涓嬬悊璁猴細鐢ㄦ爣鍑嗙殑鐩愰吀婧舵恫婊村畾鎬荤⒈搴︼紝鐩愰吀涓庢按鐜荤拑鐢熸垚纭呴吀锛?/span>PH≈4锛?/span>,姝ｅソ鍦ㄧ敳鍩虹孩鐨勫彉鑹茶寖鍥村唴锛?/span>PH=3.1锝?/span>4.4锛夛紝娴嬪嚭鎵€鑰楃殑鐩愰吀鍙煡Na₂O鐨勫惈閲忥紝鍐嶅湪宸叉祴鍑?/span>Na₂O鍚噺鐨勬憾娑蹭腑鍔?/span>NaF锛屽弽搴旀墍浜х敓鐨?/span>HCl鐢?/span>NaOH婊村畾锛岀敤杩旀淮娉曟祴鍑?/span>NaOH鐨勯噺灏卞彲鐭ラ亾SiO₂鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忥紝鍐嶇敤n_(SiO2)/n_(Na2O)鍗冲彲娴嬪畾鍏舵ā鏁般€傝瘯楠屼腑涓烘秷闄?/span>NaF鐨勭⒈鎬у奖鍝嶏紝瑕佸仛绌虹櫧璇曢獙銆?/span>鍦ㄤ笉鍔犲叆寰呮祴璇曟牱鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屾寜鎵€閫夌敤鐨勬祴瀹氭柟娉曪紝浠ュ悓鏍锋潯浠躲€佸悓鏍疯瘯鍓傝繘琛屽垎鏋愶紝闄嶄綆鍣ㄧ毧鍜屽紩鍏ョ殑璇曞墏鎵€寮曞叆鐨勭郴缁熻宸紝杩欑鏂规硶鍙┖鐧借瘯楠?/span>^[3]銆?/span>鍖栧鍙嶅簲濡備笅锛?/span>

Na₂O·mSiO₂+2HCl+(m-2)H₂O=2NaCl+mH₂SiO₃

n_(Na2O)=0.5×M₁V₁

H₂SiO₃+6NaF+H₂O=Na₂SiF₆+4NaOH     NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H₂O

鍗?/span>  SiO₂   锝?/span>   4HCl

  n_(SiO2)=0.25×M₂(V₂-V₃锛?/span>V₄)

杩欐牱妯℃暟鐨勮绠楄〃杈惧紡涓猴細

m= n_(SiO2)/n_(Na2O)=0.5×M₂(V₂-V₃-V₄)/ M₁V₁=0.5×(V₂-V₃-V₄)/ V₁       ………………锛?/span>2锛?/span>

(璇曢獙璁捐涓紝閫夊畾M₁=M₂锛屽彲浠ョ畝鍖栫粨鏋?/span>)

寮忎腑M₁鏄爣鍑嗙洂閰哥殑娴撳害锛?/span>M₂鏄爣鍑嗘阿姘у寲閽犵殑娴撳害锛?/span>V₁鏄涓€娆℃秷鑰楃殑鐩愰吀鏍囧噯婧舵恫鐨勪綋绉紝V₂鏄浜屾娑堣€楃殑鐩愰吀鏍囧噯婧舵恫鐨勪綋绉紝V₃鏄涓夋娑堣€楁阿姘у寲閽犳爣鍑嗘憾娑茬殑浣撶Н锛?/span>V₄鏄┖鐧借瘯楠屾秷鑰楃殑鏍囧噯鐩愰吀鐨勪綋绉€?/span>

3銆?span style="COLOR: black">妯℃暟甯歌鐨勬祴瀹氭柟娉曞強鍏舵祴涓嶅噯鐨勫師鍥?/span>

甯歌鐨勬祴瀹氭柟娉曞ぇ澶氬弬鐓у浗瀹舵爣鍑嗘祴璇曟柟娉?/span>^[4]锛氱О鍙栫害5g鐨勬按鐜荤拑鍥轰綋璇曟牱(涔熸湁鏀硅繘鐨勫疄楠屾柟妗堟槸鐩存帴鐢ㄧ幓鐠冩铇稿彇绾?/span>1g宸﹀彸鐨勬按鐜荤拑璇曟牱^[5]锛岃繕鏈夌殑鐢ㄧ幓鐠冩铇稿彇璇曟牱3锝?/span>4婊?/span>^[6])锛屾斁鍏?/span>250mL瀹归噺鐡朵腑鍒舵牱銆傚彇璇曟恫50mL缃簬300mL鐨勯敟褰㈢摱鍐咃紝鍔?/span>10婊寸敳鍩虹孩鎸囩ず鍓傦紝鐢ㄧ洂閰告爣鍑嗘憾娑叉淮瀹氳嚦婧舵恫鐢遍粍鑹插彉鎴愬井绾㈣壊涓虹粓鐐广€傝涓嬫墍娑堣€楃殑鐩愰吀鏍囧噯婧舵恫鐨勮鏁?/span>V₁銆傚湪涓婅堪娴嬪畾姘у寲閽犵殑璇曟恫涓紝鍔犲叆3g±0.1gNaF锛屾憞鍔ㄤ娇鍏舵憾瑙ｃ€傛鏃舵憾娑插張鍙樹负榛勮壊锛岀珛鍗崇敤娴撳害涓?/span>0.5mol/L鐩愰吀鏍囧噯婧舵恫婊村畾鑷崇孩鑹蹭笉鍙橈紝鍐嶈繃閲?/span>2锝?/span>3mL锛屽噯纭褰曠洂閰告爣鍑嗘淮瀹氭憾娑茬殑鎬讳綋绉紙V₂锛夈€傜劧鍚庯紝鐢?/span>NaOH鏍囧噯婧舵恫杩旀淮鑷抽粍鑹蹭负缁堢偣锛涘悓鏃讹紝鍋氱┖鐧借瘯楠岋紝鍗冲湪250mL鐨勯敟褰㈢摱涓紝鍔犲叆绾?/span>50mL姘淬€?/span>10婊寸敳鍩虹孩涔欓唶鎸囩ず鍓傦紝鍔犲叆3g±0.1gNaF锛岀珛鍗崇敤鐩愰吀鏍囧噯婧舵恫婊村畾鑷崇孩鑹蹭笉鍙橈紝鍐嶈繃閲?/span>2锝?/span>3mL锛屽噯纭褰曠洂閰告爣鍑嗘淮瀹氭憾娑茬殑鎬讳綋绉€傛渶鍚庯紝鐢?/span>NaOH鏍囧噯婧舵恫婊村畾鑷抽粍鑹蹭负缁堢偣銆傝繖鏍峰彲浠ヨ绠楀嚭绌虹櫧璇曢獙娑堣€楃殑鐩愰吀浣撶НV₄銆?/span>

浣嗘槸鍦ㄥ伐鍘傛楠屽疄闄呮搷浣滐紝妫€楠屼汉鍛樺線寰€鎰熻鍒版牴鎹爣鍑嗘柟娉曞噯纭祴瀹氭ā鏁板緢鍥伴毦锛屼粩缁嗗垎鏋愭祴涓嶅噯鐨勫師鍥狅紝澶ц嚧鏈変互涓嬩簲涓柟闈細

锛?/span>1锛夊彇鏍疯繃澶氥€備笂杩板弬鐓у浗鏍囨柟娉曠殑鏍峰搧鏄浐浣撶殑锛岃€屽伐鍘傜殑鏍峰搧寰€寰€鏄恫浣擄紝鏁呰€屽鏄撳彇鏍疯繃搴︼紝瀵艰嚧姘寸幓鐠冩牱鍝佺殑璐ㄩ噺澶т簬5g锛?/span>

锛?/span>2锛夊彇鏍烽噺涓嶅浐瀹氥€傚嵆渚挎槸鏀硅繘鐨勬柟妗?/span>^[5~6]锛岀敱浜庣敤姣忔鍙栫敤鐨勯噺涔熸槸鐢ㄧ幓鐠冩铇稿彇璇曟牱锛屽彇鏍烽噺涓嶅浐瀹氾紝娴嬪畾缁撴灉鍋忓樊寰堝ぇ锛岄毦浠ユ帶鍒?/span>V₁銆?/span>V₂鐨勮寖鍥淬€?/span>

锛?/span>3锛?span style="COLOR: black">杩囦簬绠€鍖栵紝娌℃湁鍋氱┖鐧借瘯楠屻€傚湪娴嬪畾妯℃暟鐨勮瘯楠屼腑锛屼负浜嗘秷闄?/span>NaF鐨勭⒈鎬у奖鍝嶅繀椤昏鍋氱┖鐧借瘯楠岀殑銆?/span>

锛?/span>4锛夊弽搴斾笉瀹屽叏銆?/span>NaF涓嶄粎婧惰В寰堟參涓旀憾瑙ｅ害涓嶅ぇ锛屽叾婧惰В搴?/span>0鈩?/span>涓?/span>4g/100g姘达紝100鈩?/span>涓?/span>5g/100g姘达紝瀵艰嚧NaF鍜?/span>SiO₂鍙嶅簲涓嶅厖鍒?/span>(妫€楠?/span>NaF鏄惁鍜?/span>SiO₂鍙嶅簲瀹屽叏鐨勬柟娉曟槸灏嗗弽搴旀憾娑插姞鐑紝鐒跺悗闈欑疆涓€澶╋紝鐪嬬湅鏈夋病鏈?/span>SiO₂鑳朵綋鐢熸垚锛屾湁鍒欏弽搴斾笉瀹屽叏)锛?/span>

锛?/span>5锛夋祴瀹?/span>SiO₂璇曢獙鐨勬淮瀹氱粓鐐瑰緢闅剧‘瀹氥€傚浗鏍囪瀹?ldquo;婧舵恫鐢遍粍鑹插彉鎴愬井绾㈣壊涓虹粓鐐?rdquo;锛屼絾鏄鑹茬殑鏀瑰彉鏄笎鍙樼殑锛岃€屼笖绾㈣壊娴呯殑绋嬪害鐢ㄨ倝鐪煎緢闅剧‘瀹氾紝闀挎椂闂寸殑瑙傚療棰滆壊鏇翠細寮曡捣瑙嗚鐤插姵銆?/span>

4銆佹按鐜荤拑妯℃暟娴嬪畾鏂版柟娉?/span>

閽堝浠ヤ笂浜斾釜闂鐗瑰埆鏄渶鍚庝袱涓柟闈㈢殑鐤忓拷锛岀瑪鑰呰璁′簡涓€濂楀涓嬬殑蹇€熷噯纭殑娴嬪畾鏂规銆?/font>

锛?/span>1锛?/span>NaF杩囬ケ鍜岀儹婧舵恫鍑嗗銆傜О鍙?/span>15gNaF鍔犲叆鐩涙湁250mL姘寸殑鐑ф澂涓紝鍔犵儹鍒?/span>60鈩?/span>~90鈩?/span>鎭掓俯鍒舵垚杩囬ケ鍜岀儹婧舵恫銆?/span>

锛?/span>2锛夊緟娴嬫按鐜荤拑婧舵恫鍑嗗銆傚湪NaF婧舵恫鍗囨俯鏈熼棿锛屽彇寰呮祴锛堟按鐜荤拑锛夋恫浣撹瘯鏍?/span>10mL锛堣嫢鏄浐浣撹瘯鏍凤紝鍒欏彇5g锛涘鏋滃緟娴嬭瘯鏍风殑娉㈢編搴︿綆浜?/span>40锛屽彲閫傚綋澧炲ぇ寰呮祴璇曟牱鐨勭敤閲忥級锛屽啀鍔犲叆鍒?/span>500mL鐨勫閲忕摱涓埗鏍枫€?/span>

锛?/span>3锛夎繘琛岀┖鐧借瘯楠屻€傚彇宸茬粡鍔犵儹濂界殑NaF婧舵恫50mL鍔犲叆鍒伴敟褰㈢摱涓紝鍔犲叆10婊寸敳鍩虹孩涔欓唶鎸囩ず鍓傦紝婧舵恫鎴愪负榛勮壊锛屽啀婊村姞HCl婊村畾鑷崇孩鑹蹭笉鍙橈紝杩囬噺2锝?/span>5mL锛涚劧鍚庣敤NaOH杩旀淮鑷抽粍鑹插嚭鐜帮紝婊村畾缁堢偣鐨勭‘璁ら噰鐢?/span>PH璇曠焊锛屽瑕佹眰鏇寸簿纭殑妯℃暟娴嬪畾璇曢獙锛岄噰鐢?/span>PH璁℃祴瀹?/span>PH鍊硷紝娴嬪嚭纰辨€ф恫娑堣€楃殑HCl浣撶НV₄锛堢粡楠屽€煎彲浠ュ畾涓?/span>4.4mL宸﹀彸锛?/span>PH鍊煎湪6.0宸﹀彸锛夈€?/span>

锛?/span>4锛夋淮瀹氭祴璇曪紝璁＄畻妯℃暟銆傚彇5mL寰呮祴姘寸幓鐠冩憾娑插姞鍏ュ埌閿ュ舰鐡朵腑锛屽啀鍔犲叆10婊寸敳鍩虹孩涔欓唶鎸囩ず鍓傦紝鐢?/span>0.5mol/L鐩愰吀鏍囧噯婧舵恫婊村畾鑷虫憾娑茬敱榛勮壊鍙樻垚寰孩鑹蹭负缁堢偣锛岃涓嬫墍娑堣€楃殑鐩愰吀鏍囧噯婧舵恫鐨勪綋绉?/span>V₁锛屽嵆娴嬪畾鍑轰簡Na₂O鐨勫惈閲忋€傜劧鍚庡姞鍏?/span>50 mL涓婅堪杩囬ケ鍜?/span>NaF婧舵恫锛屾尟鑽￠敟褰㈢摱婧舵恫棰滆壊鍙橀粍锛屾淮鍔犳爣鍑嗙洂閰哥洿鑷虫憾娑茬敱榛勮壊鍙樻垚绾㈣壊锛屽啀澶氭淮鍔?/span>2锝?/span>5mL锛岃涓嬬浜屾鎵€娑堣€楃洂閰告爣鍑嗘憾娑蹭綋绉?/span>V₂銆傝繑婊?/span>NaOH锛岃竟婊磋竟鐢?/span>PH璇曠焊娴嬪畾婧舵恫鐨?/span>PH鍊硷紝鐩磋嚦PH鍊间笌绌虹櫧璇曢獙鏍峰搧鐨?/span>PH鍊肩浉鍚岋紝璇诲嚭娑堣€楃殑NaOH浣撶НV₃銆傞噸澶嶈繖涓楠ゅ仛涓夋骞宠瀹為獙锛屽垎鍒涓?/span>V₁銆?/span>V₂銆?/span>V₃鐨勫€硷紝杩愮敤鍏紡锛?/span>2锛夊氨鑳芥祴瀹氬嚭寰呮祴璇曟牱鐨勬ā鏁般€?/span>

5銆?span style="COLOR: black">鏂?/span>鏂规鍜屽父瑙勬祴璇曟柟妗堢殑娴嬭瘯鏁堟灉姣旇緝

閫夌敤涓€绉嶏紙浣庢ā锛夋按鐜荤拑锛岃繘琛屾ā鏁版祴璇曟瘮杈冿紝娴嬭瘯缁撴灉濡傝〃1鎵€绀恒€傛祴璇曠粨鏋滅殑娉㈠姩鍊肩敤鈻虫潵琛￠噺锛屸柍锛濓紙娴嬪畾缁撴灉鐨勬渶澶у€硷紞娴嬪畾缁撴灉鐨勬渶灏忓€硷級銆傗柍鍊艰秺灏忥紝琛ㄦ槑娴嬭瘯缁撴灉瓒婂噯纭紝涔熻秺鎺ヨ繎鐪熷疄鍊笺€?/span>

琛?/span>1   姘寸幓鐠冩ā鏁?/span>锛堜綆妯★級鐨勬祴瀹氫妇渚嬶紙鍗曚綅mL锛?/span>

6銆佹柟妗堣瘎浠?/span>

銆€姝ゆ硶鐨勪紭鐐硅緝澶氾紝涓昏褰掔撼濡備笅锛?/font>

锛?/span>1锛夋祴瀹氬揩鎹枫€傜敱浜庨噰鐢ㄧ儹鐨勮繃楗卞拰NaF婧舵恫锛屽弽搴旀俯搴﹂珮銆佹帴瑙﹂潰绉ぇ锛屾祴璇曞揩鎹枫€?/span>

锛?/span>2锛夋祴瀹氬噯纭€傞€氬父鐨勬按鐜荤拑妯℃暟娴嬪畾璇曢獙涓紝涓€鑸兘鏄?/span>Na₂O鐨勫惈閲忔祴瀹氬緢鍑嗙‘锛岃€?/span>SiO₂鐨勫惈閲忔祴瀹氫笉澶噯纭紝鏁呭鑷存ā鏁扮殑娴嬪畾缁撴灉鍋忓樊寰堝ぇ锛涢噰鐢ㄦ湰鏂规硶鍙娇SiO₂鍚噺娴嬪畾鍑嗙‘銆?/span>

锛?/span>3锛夋祴璇曠ǔ瀹氥€傛瘡娆″彇鐢ㄧ殑姘寸幓鐠冧竴鏍凤紝姣忔鍔犲叆鐨?/span>NaF涓€鏍凤紝绌虹櫧璇曢獙鍜屾牱鍝佹祴瀹氳瘯楠岀殑缁堢偣鐨?/span>PH鍊肩浉鍚屻€傚洜姝ゅ彇鏍峰畾閲忓噯纭紝姣忔鐨勬祴璇曠粨鏋滃亸宸緢灏忥紝瀵瑰钩琛岃瘯楠屽緢鏈夊埄銆?/span>