Category:Logistics and warehousing

Question:
logistics: how to achieve Handling rationalization?

Answer:
Handling operations should be taken to rationalize a number of rationalization measures.

(a) to prevent and eliminate ineffective operations

the so-called invalid operation is defined as the activities of loading and unloading operations in excess of the necessary handling, transport volume of operations. Clearly, the prevention and elimination of invalid operations on the economic benefits of loading and unloading operations play an important role. In order to effectively prevent and eliminate ineffective operations, the manpower available from the following aspects:

1.

Loading and unloading to minimize the number of times to make loading and unloading to reduce to a minimum, to avoid the effects of loading and unloading operations is not the logistics.

2. Has been working to improve the purity of materials, the purity of materials

refers to material containing moisture, impurities and the material itself, the use of material unrelated to the number. The higher purity materials handling operations while the effectiveness of the higher. On the contrary, then the invalid operation will be increased.

3. Packaging should be suitable for

packaging is an indispensable aid logistics operational means. Packing light-based, simplified, practical effect will be reduced to varying degrees, the invalidity of the labor on the packaging.

4. Handling operations to shorten the distance

material in loading, unloading, handling them, to achieve horizontal and vertical displacement in both directions, choose the shortest route to complete this activity, you can go beyond the shortest route to avoid the invalidity of the above work.

(ii) to increase the flexibility of

Handling the so-called loading, unloading, handling flexibility is defined as material handling operations carried out in the ease of loading and unloading operations. Therefore, the stacking up of goods in advance to take into account the convenience of loading and unloading of materials.

loading and unloading, handling flexibility, according to materials in which the state, that is, material handling, ease of handling can be divided into different levels.

0 level - material clutter to pile on the ground state.

1 level - packing materials or the state after banding.

2 level - after the box or bundle of materials, the following placed sleeper or other liners, the easy forklift or other mechanical operations
state.

3 level - materials was put into vehicle-mounted crane hook or by hook, immediately moving state.

4 level - have been loading and unloading, handling of materials, has been starting, direct operating state.

In theory, the activity index as high as possible, but must also take into account the possibility of the implementation. For example, the material in the storage phase, activity index for the four of the conveyor belt and activity index for the three vehicles in the general warehouse, rarely used, because large quantities of material can not be stored in the conveyor belt and vehicles on the reason.

To illustrate the flexibility of material handling and analysis, usually the average activity index method. This method is of a logistics process with the active materials, the situation after the calculation of the cumulative average of “six” indicates. 6 is to determine the size of the value of the signal to change the way transportation. Such as:

when δ<0.5, we="" mean="" the="" analysis="" of="" the="" transport="" system,="" more="" than="" half="" in="" the="" activity="" index="" for="" the="" 0="" state,="" that="" is,="" the="" majority="" of="" cases="" in="" the="" bulk="" of="" its="" methods="" can="" be="" used="" to="" improve="" feed="" boxes,="" carts="" and="" other="" stored="">

When the O. 5<><1.3, then="" the="" majority="" of="" material="" in="" a="" container="" state,="" its="" methods="" can="" be="" used="" to="" improve="" truck="" and="" driving="" force="" for="" moving="">

when 1.3<><2.3, the="" loading="" and="" unloading,="" transportation="" system,="" mostly="" in="" the="" activity="" index="" for="" the="" 2="" cell-based="" materials="" can="" be="" used="" continuous="" handling="" and="">

when δ>2.7, then the instructions most of the material in the activity index for the three of the state, the improved method can choose a trailer, motorcycle trailer for Handling the front way.

Handling of activity analysis, in addition to the above-mentioned indices analysis, the method can be applied to activity analysis diagram. Analysis diagram method is a logistics process will be expressed through the icon in the loading and unloading, transportation activity level, and has a clear visual performance, make people look at on a clear, easy to find the weak links and improved. The use of Activity Analysis of Graph is usually performed in three steps:

first step, drawing Handling Chart;

the second step, according to order, to make materials handling operations activity index variation, and calculate the activity index;

third step, right Handling operations to improve the shortcomings of the analysis can be improved designs, improved the activity index calculation.

(3) implementation of the effort of loading and unloading operations

Handling of materials of vertical and horizontal displacement, must do work to achieve, we must make every effort to achieve the effort of loading and unloading operations.

in the loading and unloading operations should be as much as possible to eliminate the adverse effects of gravity. In the case of a conditional use of gravity for loading and unloading, reduce labor intensity and energy consumption. There will be a small conveyor belt power (board) ramp on the truck, truck, or the platform for loading and unloading, so that the tilt of the conveyor belt material (board) on the move, which rely on gravity loading and unloading is the horizontal component of completion. In the handling operations, do not move their hands, but to material placed on a platform car, from appliances bear the weight of an object, one only has to overcome rolling resistance, so that horizontal movement of materials, which undoubtedly is a very labor-saving.

gravity mobile rack is also a labor-saving of using gravity to one of the ways of the loading and unloading. Gravity shelves on each floor there is a certain tilt of lattice, using their own cases or pallets, can be tilted along the shelves of their own slide into the conveyor machinery laminates. To make the resistance of sliding materials, the smaller the better, usually handled shelf surfaces are very smooth, or shelf is equipped with rollers on the floor, and in the load-bearing materials on cases or pallets, downloading wheel, this will become a sliding friction rolling friction, the material being moved by the resistance will be smaller.

(d) of the rational organization Handling equipment, and improve the level of mechanization of loading and unloading operations transportation

material handling equipment for loading and unloading is the use of the organization to complete the task for the purpose of loading and unloading, and handling equipment to increase productivity, quality, and reduce the loading and unloading operations transportation loading and unloading The cost of the Center’s technical organizational activities. It includes the following elements:

1. To determine the amount of handling the task. According to logistics planning, economic contracts, the uneven level of loading and unloading, loading and unloading times, loading and unloading time, etc., to determine the job-site annual, quarterly, monthly, ten days, the daily average volume of loading and unloading tasks. Handling tasks are pre-determined amount of the factors, but also the possibility of temporary changes. Therefore, to a reasonable use of handling equipment, it is necessary to plan assignments and the actual loading and unloading capacity to narrow the gap between the two to a minimum. At the same time, loading and unloading operations loading and unloading work of the Organization but also to the variety of material objects, quantities, specifications, quality indicators, as well as moving away from as much as possible to make detailed planning.

2. According to handling productivity tasks, and handling equipment, Handling equipment, required items to determine the number and technical characteristics of Taiwan.

3. According to the task handling, loading and unloading equipment, productivity, and need to use a few units, the preparation of loading and unloading schedule. It usually includes: Handling equipment operating schedules, operation sequence, load conditions and other details.

4. Handling issued schedule of labor, and operating frequency.

5. Statistics and analysis of results of loading and unloading operations, evaluating the economic benefits of loading and unloading handling operations.

With the development of productivity, the degree of mechanization Handling will be improved. In addition, since the mechanization of loading and unloading transport workers from heavy physical labor can liberate. Especially for dangerous goods loading and unloading operations, mechanization can guarantee the safety of people and goods, but also the degree of mechanization Handling continuously be improved motivation.

(5) to promote Handling

combination of handling operations at the loading and unloading process, according to different types of materials, nature, shape and weight to determine the different ways in different loading and unloading operations. Dealing with the handling of material handling methods are three forms: general packaging materials one by one loading and unloading, called “sub-block processing”; to granule-like material as is not a small packaging handling, called “bulk processing”; to the material in trays, containers , FIBC be combined as a unit after the loading and unloading, called a “container processing.” For packaging materials, as far as possible a “container processing” to achieve cell-based Handling, you can make full use of machinery to operate. Portfolio-based working has many advantages:

1. Great handling units, operating efficiency, can greatly save time loading and unloading operations.

2. Can improve the material handling handling flexibility.

3. Operating unit the same size, easy to implement standardization.

4. Do not hand to touch all kinds of materials, the effect may be to protect the material.

(6) a reasonable planning methods and Handling Handling Handling

operating procedure operating procedure refers to the continuity of the entire loading and unloading reasonable arrangements to reduce the transport distance and
loading and unloading times.

Handling layout of the field operations is directly related to the loading and unloading, moving away from the key factor, with the freight yard Handling Machinery length, cargo space in an area of such co-ordination. Have enough space assembled goods yard, and meet face Handling mechanical requirements of the road layout of the venue for Handling create favorable conditions conducive to speed up the turnover of cargo space. Handling the distance to a minimum so that the layout is to reduce the distance from the ideal Handling square
law.

Handling operations to improve the continuity should be done: work on-site Handling Machinery and reasonable convergence; different loading and unloading handling operations when used in association with each other, and strive to make their removal rate equal to or near the loading and unloading; give full play to dispatch personnel Handling role in the event of loading and unloading operations transportation barriers or stagnation, to take immediate and effective remedial measures.

Chinese:物流中:怎样做到装卸搬运合理化?

类别: 物流与仓储

问题:
物流中:怎样做到装卸搬运合理化?

回答:
装卸搬运作业合理化应采取一些合理化的措施。

(一)防止和xx无效作业

所谓无效作业是指在装卸作业活动中超出必要的装卸、搬运量的作业。显然，防止和xx无效作业对装卸作业的经济效益有重要作用。为了有效地防止和xx无效作业，可从以下几个方面人手：

1．尽量减少装卸次数

要使装卸次数降低到最小，要避免没有物流效果的装卸作业。

2．提高被装卸物料的纯度

物料的纯度，指物料中含有水分、杂质与物料本身使用无关的物质的多少。物料的纯度越高则装卸作业的有效程度越高。反之，则无效作业就会增多。

3．包装要适宜

包装是物流中不可缺少的辅助作业手段。包装的轻型化、简单化、实用化会不同程度地减少作用于包装上的无效劳动。

4．缩短搬运作业的距离

物料在装卸、搬运当中，要实现水平和垂直两个方向的位移，选择最短的路线完成这一活动，就可避免超越这一最短路线以上的无效劳动。

(二)提高装卸搬运的灵活性

所谓装卸、搬运的灵活性是指在装卸作业中的物料进行装卸作业的难易程度。所以，在堆放货物时，事先要考虑到物料装卸作业的方便性。

装卸、搬运的灵活性，根据物料所处的状态，即物料装卸、搬运的难易程度，可分为不同的级别。

0级——物料杂乱地堆在地面上的状态。

1级——物料装箱或经捆扎后的状态。

2级——箱子或被捆扎后的物料，下面放有枕木或其他衬垫后，便于叉车或其他
机械作业的状态。

3级——物料被放于台车上或用起重机吊钩钩住，即刻移动的状态。

4级——被装卸、搬运的物料，已经被起动、直接作业的状态。

从理论上讲，活性指数越高越好，但也必须考虑到实施的可能性。例如，物料在储存阶段中，活性指数为4的输送带和活性指数为3的车辆，在一般的仓库中很少被采用，这是因为大批量的物料不可能存放在输送带和车辆上的缘故。

为了说明和分析物料搬运的灵活程度，通常采用平均活性指数的方法。这个方法是对某一物流过程物料所具备的活性情况，累加后计算其平均值，用“6”表示。6值的大小是确定改变搬运方式的信号。如：

当δ<0．5时，指所分析的搬运系统半数以上处于活性指数为0的状态，即大部分处于散装情况，其改进方式可采用料箱、推车等存放物料。

当O．5<δ<1．3时，则是大部分物料处于集装状态，其改进方式可采用叉车和动力搬动车。

当1．3<δ<2．3时，装卸、搬运系统大多处于活性指数为2，可采用单元化物料的连续装卸和运输。

当δ>2．7时，则说明大部分物料处于活性指数为3的状态，其改进方法可选用拖车、机车车头拖挂的装卸搬运方式。

装卸搬运的活性分析，除了上述指数分析法外，还可采用活性分析图法。分析图法是将某一物流过程通过图示来表示出装卸、搬运活性程度，并具有明确的直观性能，使人一看就清，薄弱环节容易被发现和改进。运用活性分析图法通常分三步进行：

{dy}步，绘制装卸搬运图；

第二步，按搬运作业顺序作出物资活性指数变化图，并计算活性指数；

第三步，对装卸搬运作业的缺点进行分析改进，作出改进设计图，计算改进后的活性指数。

(三)实现装卸作业的省力化

装卸搬运使物料发生垂直和水平位移，必须通过做功才能实现，要尽力实现装卸作业的省力化。

在装卸作业中应尽可能地xx重力的不利影响。在有条件的情况下利用重力进行装卸，可减轻劳动强度和能量的消耗。将设有动力的小型运输带(板)斜放在货车、卡车或站台上进行装卸，使物料在倾斜的输送带(板)上移动，这种装卸就是靠重力的水平分力完成的。在搬运作业中，不用手搬，而是把物资放在1台车上，由器具承担物体的重量，人们只要克服滚动阻力，使物料水平移动，这无疑是十分省力的。

利用重力式移动货架也是一种利用重力进行省力化的装卸方式之一。重力式货架的每层格均有一定的倾斜度，利用货箱或托盘可自己沿着倾斜的货架层板自己滑到输送机械上。为了使物料滑动的阻力越小越好，通常货架表面均处理得十分光滑，或者在货架层上装有滚轮，也有在承重物资的货箱或托盘下装上滚轮，这样将滑动摩擦变为滚动摩擦，物料移动时所受到的阻力会更小。

(四)合理组织装卸搬运设备，提高装卸搬运作业的机械化水平

物资装卸搬运设备运用组织是以完成装卸任务为目的，并以提高装卸设备的生产率、装卸质量和降低装卸搬运作业成本为中心的技术组织活动。它包括下列内容：

1．确定装卸任务量。根据物流计划、经济合同、装卸作业不均衡程度、装卸次数、装、卸车时限等，来确定作业现场年度、季度、月、旬、日平均装卸任务量。装卸任务量有事先确定的因素，也有临时变动的可能。因此，要合理地运用装卸设备，就必须把计划任务量与实际装卸作业量两者之间的差距缩小到{zd1}水平。同时，装卸作业组织工作还要把装卸作业的物资对象的品种、数量、规格、质量指标以及搬运距离尽可能地做出详细的规划。

2．根据装卸任务和装卸设备的生产率，确定装卸搬运设备需用的台数和技术特征。

3．根据装卸任务、装卸设备生产率和需用台数，编制装卸作业进度计划。它通常包括：装卸搬运设备的作业时间表、作业顺序、负荷情况等详细内容。

4．下达装卸搬运进度计划，安排劳动力和作业班次。

5．统计和分析装卸作业成果，评价装卸搬运作业的经济效益。

随着生产力的发展，装卸搬运的机械化程度定将不断提高。此外，由于装卸搬运的机械化能把工人从繁重的体力劳动中解放出来。尤其对于危险品的装卸作业，机械化能保证人和货物的安全，也是装卸搬运机械化程度不断得以提高的动力。

(五)推广组合化装卸搬运

在装卸搬运作业过程中，根据不同物料的种类、性质、形状、重量的不同来确定不同的装卸作业方式。处理物料装卸搬运的方法有三种形式：普通包装的物料逐个进行装卸，叫做“分块处理”；将颗料状物资不加小包装而原样装卸，叫做“散装处理”；将物料以托盘、集装箱、集装袋为单位进行组合后进行装卸，叫做“集装处理”。对于包装的物料，尽可能进行“集装处理”，实现单元化装卸搬运，可以充分利用机械进行操作。组合化装卸具有很多优点：

1．装卸单位大、作业效率高，可大量节约装卸作业时间。

2．能提高物料装卸搬运的灵活性。

3．操作单元大小一致，易于实现标准化。

4．不用手去触及各种物料，可达到保护物料的效果。

(六)合理地规划装卸搬运方式和装卸搬运作业过程

装卸搬运作业过程是指对整个装卸作业的连续性进行合理的安排，以减少运距和
装卸次数。

装卸搬运作业现场的平面布置是直接关系到装卸、搬运距离的关键因素，装卸搬运机械要与货场长度、货位面积等互相协调。要有足够的场地集结货场，并满足装卸搬运机械工作面的要求，场内的道路布置要为装卸搬运创造良好的条件，有利于加速货位的周转。使装卸搬运距离达到最小平面布置是减少装卸搬运距离的最理想的方
法。

提高装卸搬运作业的连续性应做到：作业现场装卸搬运机械合理衔接；不同的装卸搬运作业在相互联结使用时，力求使它们的装卸搬运速率相等或接近；充分发挥装卸搬运调度人员的作用，一旦发生装卸搬运作业障碍或停滞状态，立即采取有力的措施补救。