泄压阀，紧急关闭阀和紧急开启阀的设置摘要：泄压阀，紧急关闭阀和紧急阀打开，在近年的发展和应用的阀门，已建立和火灾供水部门的关注，其设置谈及自己的看法的问题。
关键词：为降低阀紧急阀液压控制阀紧急关闭泄压阀开火
1个专用
泄压阀泄压阀在消防水泵出水管安装，正常关闭，消防供水管网压力设置时自动打开以上，以防止供水系统损坏是由于过剩的压力。
火的过度压力，主要是由于以下原因供水管网：①设计流量消防泵流量选择-取消曲线陡峭的类型，在一个小流量运行时（自检或早期火灾）将出现超压;②水泵突然因为某些原因（如电源故障），停止开关，插座管道尚未采取适当的技术措施，阻止水锤泵超压引起的。
泄压阀设置应注意位置，口径选择，压力设置和相应的配置问题，如附件。
①泄压阀可设在消防泵或附近的消防水箱附近。自动喷水灭火系统设计规范“GBH84 - 1985条修正案的送审稿10.3.3规定：”… …每个水泵控制阀排气管应设… …并在必要时，泄压阀应设。 “在批准草案的规定，改为：”… …必要时，应采取控制的措施泵出口压力。“这些措施包括泄压阀。
时，泄压阀消防泵时，可以在位于非的出口管道安装止回阀之前和之后的单向阀位于前小流量泵的压力过大造成的消化工作。，后在止回阀（沿水流方向），不仅能xx小流量泵由于操作造成的超压，而且消化停止泵水锤造成的超压，即使消防水泵出水管，并不排除停止，并采取其他措施，泵水锤（已关闭高速单向阀，止回阀救济关闭，缓冲罐等），不会造成伤害和损失。
②泄压阀直径有两个办法，一输水管及消防一种是相同直径或更小的层面上，DN100或DN150使用泄压阀。
从救济的角度来看，泄压阀直径大于救济，越快越好。由于如图1所示，为发泄对大，红细胞曲线权利的偏见，研究曲线流动，大直径泄压阀，与Q值的H Q曲线的交点M将转移到右，压力减小。但从经济角度来看，直径越大，泄压阀价格上涨将不可避免地增加工程造价。所以从实际出发，当前偏好固定直径泄压阀，泄压即使实际压力值会稍大于大口径泄压阀泄压的实际价值，但综合效果还是可行的。因此，泄压阀直径可以作为如下：如果消防供水喉管直径D≤150毫米，而泄压阀DN100使用;若火自来水管道直径D> 150毫米，而泄压阀DN150使用。
③泄压阀设置应高于主消防泵和压力调节泵的设置。当泵调节器，稳压泵的启动和关闭两个压力值（指稳压高压泵的运行时间值）。稳压泵停泵水锤压力释放阀容易导致开放的滥用，因此稳定的高压消防给水系统应*xx泵水锤xx一站式的技术措施，并应审查对供水管网水锤造成低于泄压阀余压火设置，以确保错误不会开放。
④泄压阀应提供消防自来水连接到支管。减压阀，以便供应和维修，以防止，控制阀，泄压阀误关闭信号应建立在闸阀或信号蝶阀。为了维持泄压阀时，水流通畅的维修，旁通管应安装。
2紧急关闭阀
和平时期紧急关闭了阀门打开，在管网压力超过设定压力自动关闭，以防止消防泵消防水运行时获得水箱，同时为防止消防泵运行时，生命-共享供水系统消防给水及配件生活超压造成的损害。
生活和建议，我们共同的消防供水系统。生活压力通常开始降低水泵，火灾时，消防泵启动压力值远远高于生活中的泵压较高的启动时间，而这种系统对防火设计的“建筑法”第4款的第8.6.3条规定：“火灾发生后，消防供水，消防泵，不应进入消防水箱。”为了解决这个问题，应在管道将进入消防水设置了一个紧急关闭阀坦克（图2）在同一时间。以防止启动消防泵生活给水配件超压水管生活应该成立紧急关闭阀。
的阀门关闭了紧急的问题是压力设置。如果压力过低，生活水泵紧急关闭被xx时，将关闭阀门，如果设置在启动时压力过高，消防泵不会关闭紧急关闭截止阀。秘书长，生活的压力泵的设置应高于零流量压力值，低于消防泵设计流量的压力值值在。与此同时，在自来水，必须要采取的技术措施*防止水锤。
3紧急打开阀门，打开紧急阀
适用于喷水灭火系统，尚未实施的工程。紧急打开阀门常闭，在管网压力达到压力设置为自动打开当时，防止水喷淋灭火的消防泵系统达到额定转速先行低压喷水现象的出现。
消防给水管道阀门设置为定期开放很多，而且往往需要紧急开启阀关闭，这后消防泵额定转速启动时，压力管道网络，以满足设计要求时，开启压力值，这需要启闭正常阀可*.紧急打开阀门泄压阀和类似性质的，开放的压力达到值，{wy}的区别是，泄压阀打开，水的排放或回池塘救灾的消防，紧急打开阀门打开，入水喷淋消防流动灭火消防系统。这两个领域属于液压控制阀在试点设置有针，针易堵塞，而不是由于行动杂质，是用来控制隔膜阀，对橡胶材料，容易老化，磨损膈肌运动。相应的这两个组成部分采取的措施是：①前针多级过滤器设置，过滤器，过滤头水平窄孔保留固体颗粒杂质;②橡胶隔膜采用优质的产品，并定期检查和膜片弹簧液压控制阀的情况。
目前的泄压阀，紧急关闭阀和紧急阀打开阀门作为共同处理，但不是在消防处的范围包括专用阀门未经消防产品质量监督检验测试通过，中心检测。我觉得这种情况应该改变，泄压阀，紧急关闭阀和紧急开启阀不仅对消防给水系统，应在火灾的范围，包括具体的产品。（7月11日- 23）

Pressure relief valves, emergency shut-off valve and emergency valve to open settings

Pressure relief valves, emergency shut-off valve and emergency valve to open the settings Abstract: The pressure relief valves, emergency shut-off valve and emergency valve to open in recent years are the development and application of the valves, has been building and fire water supply sector concerns, their settings talked about the problem to their own opinions.
Key words: pressure relief valve for emergency shut down valve emergency valve hydraulic control valve to open fire
1 Dedicated
pressure relief valve pressure relief valve installed in the fire service pump outlet pipe, the normal shut down, the fire water distribution network pressure settings automatically when more than open to prevent the water supply system damaged due to excess pressure.
fire to the water distribution network of over-pressure was mainly due to the following reasons: ① design flow selected by the fire pump flow - lift curve is steep type, in a small flow of run-time (self-test or the early fire) will appear overpressure; ② pump suddenly for some reason (such as power failure) stop switch, outlet pipe is not yet take appropriate technical measures to stop pumping water hammer caused by overpressure.
pressure relief valve settings should pay attention to location, caliber choice, pressure settings and the corresponding configuration issues such as attachment.
① pressure relief valve may be located in the vicinity of the fire pump or water tank near the fire. Automatic sprinkler system design specification “GBH84-1985 amendment to Article 10.3.3 of the送审稿requirements:” … … each pump control valve outlet pipe should be set up … … and, if necessary, pressure relief valve should be located. “The provision in the approval the draft was changed to: “… … when necessary, should be taken to control the pump outlet pressure for the measure.” These measures which includes the pressure relief valve.
when the pressure relief valve installed in the outlet pipe when the fire pump can be located in a non-return valve before and after. Located in the check valve before the operation of small flow pumps digestion caused by excess pressure, and after in a non-return valve (along the flow direction) can not only remove a small flow due to pump operation caused by overpressure, but also by stopping pump Digestion water hammer caused by overpressure, even if the fire pump outlet pipe does not eliminate the stop to take other measures to pump water hammer (Closed-speed non-return valve, relief check valve closed, the buffer tank, etc.), it will not cause harm and losses.
② pressure relief valve diameter has two approaches, a kind of water mains and fire are the same diameter or smaller level, another DN100 or DN150 are using the pressure relief valve.
from the perspective of relief, pressure relief valve diameter greater relief sooner, the better. As shown in Figure 1, Q for the vent flow, large diameter pressure relief valve, Q value on big, RBC curve right bias, R curve with the H curve intersection point M will be shifted to right, the pressure decreases. However, from the economic point of view, the greater the diameter, pressure relief valve higher prices will inevitably increase the cost of project construction. Therefore proceed from reality, the current preference for a fixed diameter pressure relief valve, pressure relief even when the actual pressure value is slightly larger than large diameter pressure relief valve pressure relief the actual value, but the combined effect is still feasible. Therefore, the pressure relief valve diameter can be used as follows: If the fire water supply mains diameter D ≤ 150mm, while the use of the pressure relief valve DN100; if fire mains water supply pipe diameter D> 150mm, while the use of the pressure relief valve DN150.
③ pressure relief valve settings should be higher than the main fire pump and pressure regulator pump settings. When the pump has regulator, the regulator pump start and shut down two pressure values (mean regulator pressure pump run-time value). Regulators pump stops pumping water hammer pressure relief valve easily lead to misuse of open, so the stable high-pressure fire water supply system should be * perfect pump to eliminate water hammer stop technical measures, and should review the fire to the water distribution network resulting in water hammer residual pressure below the pressure relief valve settings, to ensure that errors will not open.
④ pressure relief valve should be provided with fire mains water supply connected to the branch pipe. Pressure relief valve to facilitate maintenance and to prevent misuse of the closure of control valves, pressure relief valve in the signal should be set up before the gate valve or butterfly valve signal. In order to maintain pressure relief valve when the water flow unobstructed repair, bypass pipe should be installed.
2 emergency shutdown valves
peacetime emergency shut down valve to open, in the pipe network pressure exceeds the pressure settings automatically shut down to prevent the fire pumps fire water run-time access to water tanks, fire pumps at the same time to prevent run-time, life - Shared Water Supply System Fire Water Supply and Accessories Living damage due to overpressure.
recommend life and fire of our shared water supply system. Living such systems usually start lower pressure water pumps, fire when the fire pump start pressure value much higher than the start of life at the time of pump pressure, while the “Building code for fire protection design,” the first Paragraph Four of Article 8.6.3 provides that: “The fire happened after the fire pumps from the fire water supply should not enter the fire service water tanks.” To solve this problem, should be in the pipeline to enter the fire service water tanks set up an emergency shut down valve (Figure 2). At the same time to prevent the fire pumps start Living Water Supply Accessories overpressure Living water mains should be set up emergency shut down valve.
the issue of emergency shut down valves are pressure settings. If the pressure set too low, Living pump emergency shut-off valve when activated will shut down; if set too high pressure, fire pumps at startup does not close the emergency shut-off valve. General, the pressure settings Living pump should be higher than zero flow pressure values, lower than the fire pump design flow value of the pressure value. At the same time, the mains water supply must be taken to be * the technical measures to prevent water hammer.
3 emergency open valve to open the emergency valve
applies to water spray extinguishing systems, has not yet been implemented in engineering. Emergency open valve normally closed, pressure in the pipe network to reach the pressure settings to automatically open when the water to prevent water spray fire-extinguishing system in the fire pumps to reach rated speed antecedent low pressure water spray emerging phenomenon.
fire water supply pipeline valve set to open as many regular, and often require emergency open the valve closed, that is activated after a fire pump rated speed, the pressure pipeline network to meet the design requirements to open when the pressure value, which requires sluicegate normal valve can be *. Emergency open valve and pressure relief valve similar nature, are open to reach the pressure values, the only difference is that the pressure relief valve opens, water discharge or returned to the fire pond to relief; emergency open valve opens, flow into the water spray fire-extinguishing system for fire fighting. Both areas belong to the hydraulic control valves are set for the pilot has the needle, and needle easy plug and not due to impurities in action; are used to control movement of diaphragm valve, diaphragm for the rubber material, easy to aging, wear and tear. These two components of the corresponding measures taken are: ① in the needle before the multi-stage filter settings, filters, filter head level narrow hole to retain solid particles of impurities; ② rubber separators are produced using quality products, and regularly check and diaphragm hydraulic control valve with spring situation.
current pressure relief valves, emergency shut-off valve and emergency valve to open the valve as common treatment, but not included in the scope of the Fire Services dedicated valve, without the adoption of the Fire Services Products Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center Detect. I think this situation should be changed, pressure relief valves, emergency shut-off valve and emergency valve to open only for the fire water supply system, should be included in the scope of fire-specific products. (07-11-23)