鎻忚堪涓€涓綋绯伙紝蹇呴』纭畾瀹冪殑涓€绯诲垪鎬ц川锛屽锛?/span>T. P. V. M 鍜?/span>.瀵嗗害绛夛紝杩欎簺鐗╃悊鎬у寲瀛︽€ц川鐨勭患鍚堣〃鐜板氨绉颁綋绯荤殑鐘舵€併€?/span>^[]

鎴戜滑鎶婃弿杩颁綋绯荤姸鎬佺殑鎬ц川鐨勯噺鍙仛鐘舵€佸嚱鏁帮紝濡傦細T. P. V 绛夐潰瀛﹀埌鐨?/span> U. H. S. G 绛夐兘鏄姸鎬佸嚱鏁般€?/span>^[]

鐢ㄩ€氫織鐨勮瘽璇达紝鐘舵€佸氨鏄郴缁熸垨鐮旂┒瀵硅薄鐨勬儏鍐点€傜郴缁熸湁鍔涖€佺儹銆佺數纾併€佸嚑浣曠瓑澶囨柟闈㈢殑鎯呭喌瑕佹弿鍐欙紝闇€瑕佽澶氭€佸彉閲忥紝浣嗛偅浜涘湪杩囩▼涓牴鏈棤鍙樺寲鐨勫氨娌℃湁蹇呰浜嗐€傚浜庝竴涓棤鐢?/span>(纾?/span>)鍦猴紝鍙堟棤鍖栧鍙嶅簲鐨勭郴缁燂紝瑕佹弿鍐欏畠鐨勭姸鎬侊紟鐢ㄤ袱涓嫭绔嬫€佸彉閲忓锛氭俯搴︺€佷綋绉氨澶熶簡锛岃繖鏃跺叾瀹冪殑閲忥紝濡傚帇寮恒€佸唴鑳界瓑灏遍殢鐙珛鎬佸彉閲忓彉鍖栵紝鏁呯О瀹冧滑涓烘€佸嚱鏁般€備竴涓‘瀹氭潯浠朵笅鐨勭郴缁燂紝鏈夌‘瀹氱殑鐙珛鎬佸彉閲忔暟鐩紝浣嗗埌搴曢€夊彇璋佷负鐙珛鎬佸彉閲忔槸浠绘剰鐨勩€?/span> 濡備竴涓‘瀹氭潯浠朵笅鐨勭儹鍔涘绯荤粺锛庡埌搴曞簲鏈夊嚑涓嫭绔嬫€佸彉閲忔潵鎻忓啓瀹冪殑鎬佸憿?杩欏彲浠ラ€氳繃鍒嗘瀽绯荤粺涓庣幆澧冧氦鎹㈣兘閲忕殑鏂瑰紡鏉ュ緱鐭ワ細绯荤粺涓庣幆澧冩湁澶氬皯绉嶈兘閲忎氦鎹㈡柟寮忓氨搴旀湁澶氬皯涓嫭绔嬫€佸彉閲忔潵鎻忓啓瀹冪殑鐘舵€併€備竴缂哥敤鍙姩娲诲瀵嗗皝鐨勬皵浣擄紟鍙互閫氳繃浼犵儹鍜屼綋绉彉鍖栦綔鍔?/span>(浣撶Н鍔?/span>)涓庡鐣岀幆澧冧氦鎹㈣兘閲忋€佺郴缁熸湁涓ょ鑳介噺浜ゆ崲鏂瑰紡锛屽簲璇ョ敤涓や釜鐙珛鎬佸彉閲忔俯搴︺€佷綋绉潵鎻忓啓瀹冪殑鐘舵€併€傚鏋滅粰姘斾綋鏂藉姞澶栫數鍦猴紝闄や簡鍓嶉潰鎻愬埌鐨勪袱绉嶈兘閲忎氦鎹㈡柟寮忓锛庣郴缁熻繕鍙互閫氳繃鐢靛満浣滃姛(鐢靛姛)涓庡鐣岀幆澧冧氦鎹㈣兘閲忥紟搴旇閫夌敤涓変釜鐙珛鎬佸彉閲忔潵鎻忓啓绯荤粺鐨勭姸鎬併€?/span>^[]

鐘舵€佸嚱鏁扮殑姒傚康闈炲父閲嶈锛岀儹鍔涘涓昏鏄窡鐘舵€佸嚱鏁版墦浜ら亾锛屽叿鏈夊涓嬪叡鍚屾€ц川锛堝叡鍚岀壒寰侊級锛?/span> ^[]

1.1.1.1.1 浣撶郴鐨勭姸鎬佷竴瀹氾紝鐘舵€佸嚱鏁版湁纭畾鍊?/span>.

褰撹繖浜涙€ц川閮芥湁纭畾鐨勬暟鍊兼椂锛屽氨璇翠綋绯诲鍦ㄤ竴鐘舵€併€傚鏋滀綋绯荤殑鏌愪竴涓€ц川鍙戠敓浜嗘敼鍙橈紝閭ｄ箞浣撶郴鐨勭姸鎬佷篃鍙戠敓浜嗘敼鍙樸€傛崲鍙ヨ瘽璇达紝澶勫湪涓€瀹氱殑鐘舵€侊紝杩欎簺鎬ц川纭湁纭畾涔嬪€笺€傜姸鎬佹敼鍙橈紝杩欎簺鎬ц川涔熼殢涔嬫敼鍙橈紝杩欎簺鎬ц川涓庝綋绯荤殑鐘舵€佸叿鏈夊崟鍊煎嚱鏁板叧绯?/span>. ^[]

1.1.1.1.2 鐘舵€佸嚱鏁扮殑鏀瑰彉閲忓彧鍙栧喅浜庝綋绯荤殑濮嬬粓鐘舵€侊紝鑰屼笌鍙樺寲杩囩▼鏃犲叧

鍏锋湁杩欑鎬ц川鐨勯噺鍦ㄥ姏瀛︿腑涔熻杩囷紝濡傞噸鍔涘満涓紝鐗╀綋閲嶅姏鍔胯兘鐨勫彉鍖栵紝浠呬笌鍒濄€佺粓浣嶇疆鐨勯珮搴︽湁鍏筹紝涓庡浣曚粠涓€涓綅缃彉鍒板彟涓€涓綅缃殑璺緞鍜屾柟寮忔棤鍏炽€傝川鐐圭殑鏈烘杩愬姩锛屼篃鍙笌濮嬨€佹湯浣嶇疆浣嶇Щ鍜岄€熺巼鏈夊叧锛岃€屼笌鍙樻洿鐨勮繃绋嬪拰璺緞鏃犲叧銆?/span>^[]

鑻?/span>Z浠ｈ〃浣撶姸鎬佸嚱鏁帮紝鍒?/span>Z鍊煎彧鍙栧喅浜庝綋绯荤殑鐘舵€侊紝浣撶郴鐢?/span>A鎬侊紝鏀瑰彉鍒?/span>B鎬併€?/span>Z鍊肩殑鏀瑰彉

.

瀵逛簬寰幆杩囩▼

鐘舵€佸嚱鏁扮殑寰皬鏀瑰彉閲忓彲浠ヨ〃绀轰綅鍏ㄥ井鍒嗭紝鍗冲亸寰垎涔嬪拰

Z = f (T锛?/span>P锛?/span>V...)

.

浠ヤ笂璇存槑鐨勬槸鐘舵€佸嚱鏁板彧涓庡缁堟€佹湁鍏?/span>. ^[] 

1.1.1.1.3 鐘舵€佸嚱鏁颁箣闂翠簰涓哄嚱鏁板叧绯?/span>

浣撶郴鐨勬€ц川涔嬮棿鐨勫叧绯伙紝灏卞鍚屾暟瀛︿笂鐨勫彉鏁颁笌鍑芥暟鍏崇郴锛屼换浣曠姸鎬佸嚱鏁伴兘鏄叾瀹冪姸鎬佸彉鏁扮殑鍑芥暟銆備緥濡傚浜庝竴瀹氶噺姘斾綋锛屼綋绉?/span> V. 娓╁害 T. 鍘嬪姏 P銆傚鏋滄妸 T P 褰撲綔鐘舵€佸彉V 褰撲綔瀹冧滑鐨勫嚱鏁帮紝璁颁负 V=f(T锛?/span>P)锛屽綋鐒朵篃鍙妸 P 褰撲綔 V.T 鐨勫嚱鏁帮紝璁颁负 P=f(T.V) . ^[]

鎶婄姸鎬佸嚱鏁板垝鍒嗙姸鎬佸彉閲忓拰鐘舵€佸嚱鏁版槸鐩稿鐨?/span>.鍝簺鎬ц川浣滀负鐘舵€佸彉閲忥紝鍝簺浣滀负鐘舵€佸嚱鏁版槸鏍规嵁鐮旂┒闂鐨勯渶瑕佸拰鏂逛究鑰屽畾. ^[]

鍒濈湅璧锋潵锛岃鎻忓啓浣撶郴鐨勪竴涓姸鎬侊紝浼间箮瑕佺粰鍑烘墍鏈夌殑鐘舵€佸嚱鏁扮殑鏁板€硷紝浣嗘槸鐢辩郴鐨勭姸鎬佸嚱鏁颁箣闂村苟涓嶆槸鐩镐簰鐙珛锛屽郊姝ゆ棤鍏崇殑銆傚畠浠槸鐩镐簰鑱旂郴锛岀浉浜掑埗绾︼紝涓€涓姸鏁扮殑鏀瑰彉锛屼篃浼氬紩璧峰彟涓€涓姸鎬佸嚱鏁扮殑鏀瑰彉锛屼緥濡傦紝涓€瀹氶噺鐨勬煇姘斾綋锛屾俯搴︿竴瀹氭椂锛岃嫢澧炲姞锛屼綋绉氨璺熺潃鍑忓皬锛屽瘑搴﹀拰榛忓害鍔犲ぇ锛屾姌鍏夌巼涔熷彂鐢熷彉鍖栥€傚洜涓虹姸鎬佸嚱鏁颁箣闂存湁鐫€鐨勫叧鑱斻€傚洜姝わ紝鎴戜滑瑕佽瀹氫竴浣撶郴鐨勭姸鎬侊紝骞朵笉闇€瑕佺‘瀹氭墍鏈変竴鍒囩姸鎬佸嚱鏁帮紝鍙纭畾鍑犱釜锛屽叾浠栫殑涔熷氨闅忎箣鑰屽畾銆傜敱缁忛獙鍙煡锛屼竴鑸潵璇达紝璐ㄩ噺涓€瀹氱殑鍗曠粍鍒嗗潎鐩镐綋绯伙紝鍙寚瀹氫袱涓姸鎬佸嚱鏁板氨鑳界‘瀹氬畠鐨勭姸鎬併€傚彟涓€涓€氳繃 PV=nRT 鐨勫叧绯讳篃灏遍殢涔嬭€屽畾浜嗭紝浣撶郴鐨勭姸鎬佷篃灏辩‘瀹氫簡锛岄€氬父鎶婁竴浜涘鏄撴祴閲忕殑浣撶郴T.P.V.n 绛変綔涓虹姸鎬佸嚱鏁般€?/span>^[]

瀵逛簬鍗曠粍鍒嗘垨缁勬垚涓嶅彉鐨勫潎鐩镐綋绯伙紝鍙纭畾涓や釜鐘舵€佸弬閲忥紝浣撶郴鐘舵€佷究纭畾銆?/span>^[]

姣斿 T. P 閫夋嫨涓虹姸鎬佸彉閲?/span>Z = f (T锛?/span>P)

1.1.1.1.4 鐘舵€佸嚱鏁扮殑浜岄樁鍋忓鏁颁笌姹傚鐨勫厛鍚庨『搴忔棤鍏?/span>

鏍规嵁姝ゆ€ц川锛屽彲浠ヨ瘉鏄庢煇浜涚墿鐞嗛噺鏄惁涓虹姸鎬佸嚱鏁?/span>^[]

渚嬮锛氳瘉鏄庣悊鎯虫皵浣撶殑鎽╁皵浣撶Н鏄姸鎬佸嚱鏁?/font>

璇佹槑锛?/span>

1.1.1.1.5 鐘舵€佸嚱鏁板父瑙佺殑鍋忓井鍟嗗叧绯?/span>

宸茬煡Z = f (T锛?/span>P) 锛岃浣撶郴鐨勭姸鎬佹柟绋嬪紡 F(T锛?/span>P锛?/span>V) = 0

鍙互姹傚緱 V 涓嶅彉鏃讹紝Z 闅?/span> T 鐨勫彉鍖栫巼 ^[]

1.1.1.1.6 鐘舵€佸嚱鏁板亸寰晢鐨勫€掓暟鍏崇郴

^[]

1.1.1.1.7 鐘舵€佸嚱鏁板亸寰晢鐨勫惊鐜叧绯?/span>

^[]