译文：
锅炉型式为：辐射再热式强制循环锅炉。其安全阀系日本“TOA”—东亚阀门株式会社生产的全启式弹簧安全阀V1 700；下面就 　“TOA”安全阀在珠海发电厂1、2号炉校验、调试过程中有关数据的来源及调整方法进行总结及分析。 　 1 安全阀调试关键参数的来源 　 (1) 1、2号炉安全阀动作压力的整定倍数 　 表1列出安全阀调试动作压力的整定倍数。 　 (2) 安全阀调整时，弹簧压缩(放松)量值的理论来源锅炉所有安全阀在冷态时已按动作压力调整好，对再热器进出口安全阀一般在试“跑铊”之后，再缓慢升压至动作压力来校验冷态定值的准确性。而汽包、过热器同样在升压至70%额定工作压力下试“跑铊”之后，当压力升至75%～85%额定工作压力时用油压整定器校验冷态定铊是否准确，{zh1}再升压至动作压力值加以检验。但一般情况，动作压力值不是偏高就是偏低，或者其它参数不合格。因此需要根据油压器的校验计算值或实际动作压力值的高低来适当调整安全阀弹簧。现以1、2号炉过热器安全阀为例，说明弹簧压缩(放松)与压力的理论关系： 　 2.1:x=25.5∶18.96 　 x=(2.1×18.96)÷25.5 　 =1.56MPa 　 式中：2.1—安全阀上部调整螺母的节距，单位mm； 　 x—求出的弹簧压缩(或放松)2.1 mm高 　度时的压升或压降,单位MPa 　 25.5—为动作压力下弹簧的总压缩量,单位mm; 　 18.96—整定动作压力,单位MPa 　 即：正向或反向旋转调整螺母一周其压升或压降为1.56 MPa;由于调整螺母为六角螺母，因此每旋1/6，其压升(压降)为0.26 MPa，此值为理论标准值，但必须注意再热器、汽包、过热器由于整定动作压力不同，弹簧总压缩量不同，安全阀调整螺母旋转一周(或一角)的压升或压降不尽相同。 　 (3) 用油压器校验安全阀的K值及简易计算 　 对汽包、过热器安全阀校验时，要用油压器(目的在于减少高压下安全阀的动作次数，保护阀瓣及阀座接合面，且节省校验时间和燃料)，首先在蒸汽压力达到70%额定工作压力下将安全阀手动拉把拉起，人为试跑铊，然后在蒸汽压力升至75%～85%额定压力下先装上油压器校验，一人操作油压器升压把，一人看油压表，一人监报就地压力表，当油压器升压至安全阀微起，同时听到“嚓”一声时，应快速松开油压器的卸压旋钮(以免安全阀起跳)，并记下当时的油压器表值和蒸汽压力，这时动作压力的平衡公式为： 　 P＝F1×K＋F2 　 式中：F1-油压器提升力MPa 　 F2-蒸汽对阀瓣的作用力MPa 　 K-油压器的有效受压面积与安全阀喉 　部有效受压面积之比，由厂家给定，K＝1.12。 　 现以2号炉汽包3号安全阀为例，用油压器校验计算如下：锅炉汽包的就地压力17 MPa，油压器表压3.95 MPa，K＝1.12代入 　 P＝F1×K＋F2 　 ＝3.95×1.12＋17 　 ＝21.25MPa 　 此值比整定动作压力21 MPa高出0.25 MPa，此时实际升压应视其压力动作值是否偏高或偏低再做调整。当时升压后实际动作值为20.9 MPa，在可接受标准20.78～21.2 MPa范围内，同时回座压力及起跳高度也合格，所以不再调整。 　 　2 安全阀调整方法 　 (1) 锅炉试完水压后，应将安全阀阀座上的“压块”拆除，并在部分部件除锈后按各安全阀的动作压力值组装好安全阀。 　 (2) 对于再热器进、出口安全阀的整定，由于压力较低，厂家在现场整定时不用油压器，其它调整方法及步骤与汽包过热器基本相同。 　 (3) 如果起跳压力太高或太低，则将弹簧调整螺母逆时针旋转(松)或顺时针旋转(紧)。 　 (4) 当安全阀起跳不xx，即出现所谓“平跳”现象时，应将下部调整环向右旋，将调环上升，一般情况转2个齿数。 　 (5) 回座压力的调整：如微调则只需调背压调节阀，如不行，可调整上调环，再不行调整下环，{zh1}再适当调整调整套。 　 (6) 如果回座压力太高(即启闭压差过小)，将上部调整环左旋10～20个齿数，降低该环；如果这样调整回座压力仍太高，可将下调整环右旋，将其适当升高；如果回座压力须做适当微调，可将背压室节流阀左旋以适当开大其开度，调整完也将调整套逆时针旋转，适当将其升高。 　 (7) 若回座压力太低(即启闭压差大)，如只做微调，可将背压节流阀右旋半圈，将其适当关小；如果仍不够，可调整上部调整环(右旋10～20个齿数)将其适当调高；如果回座压力仍偏低，可将下部调整环左旋2个齿，将其降低，调整后将调整套顺时针旋转，将其降低。 　 3 小 结 　 (1) 日本东亚阀门厂生产的TOA安全阀在珠海 　发电厂两台700 MW机组锅炉安全阀调试过程中，起跳/回座压力，起跳高度、压差等的校验调试基本达到各安全阀的铭牌技术参数和动作压力的可接受范围。 　 (2) 在调试过热器的安全阀及PCV阀过程中， 　出现排汽管伸缩节冲破弯曲等现象(该排汽管为美国雷神公司设计)，后经更换1、2号炉过热器出口安全阀排汽管和全部PCV阀排汽管伸缩节，并改伸缩节为“带帽”式短节，达到预期效果。 　 (3) 用油压器校验安全阀的设定起跳压力，计算简单、快捷、准确，对超高压以上全启式弹簧安全阀(再热器除外)，用油压器校验是必须的工具，而且为节省人力和时间，安全阀在冷态定铊或拆装时，同样要用油压器。但它只能校验出厂前或检修后预定的起跳压力是否准确，并不能检验跑铊时间的长短、起跳回座压力的高低、启闭压差的大小及动作过程中出现的问题。另一方面用油压器校验安全阀动作的准确性，最终还要实际升压加以验证。 　 (4) 全启式弹簧安全阀与脉冲式安全阀相比较，　其结构差异较大，在调试过程中，调整部位较多，且有一定的相关性。因此要调整好全启式安全阀，必须对其结构特点、部件功能、作用原理及厂家要求的有关安装数据、调整方法有较深的了解，方能快速、准确地处理好在校验调试过程中出现的问题。

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原文：
Boiler types are: radiation and then heated forced circulation boiler. The safety valve is in Japan, "TOA" - the production of the whole of East Asia Valve Co., Ltd. Kai spring safety valve V1 700; following on "TOA" safety valve 1,2 in Zhuhai Power Plant boiler check, the process of debugging the data sources and adjustment methods were summarized and analyzed. A safety valve to debug the source of the key parameters (1) 1,2 boiler safety valve pressure setting of multiple Table 1 lists the safety valve pressure setting of debugging multiple actions. (2) safety valve adjustment, spring compression (relaxation) the theoretical value of all sources of boiler safety valve in the cold by the time of the pressure adjust movement of import and export reheater safety valve is trying "to run thallium", the then a slow step-up to the action of cold stress to verify the accuracy of the valuation. The drum, superheater, as in the step-up to 70% of the rated working pressure test "to run thallium", the when the pressure rose to 75% ~ 85% of the rated working pressure of hydraulic setting device when the cold will check accuracy of thallium Finally, to further boost the pressure value of action to be tested. But the general situation, action is not a high pressure value is low, or other parameters failed. Therefore need to check the calculated hydraulic device or the actual pressure value moves to adjust the level of safety valve springs. Now to 1,2 Superheater safety valve to illustrate the spring compression (relaxation) and the theoretical relationship between pressure: 2.1: x = 25.5:18.96 x = (2.1 × 18.96) ÷ 25.5 = 1.56MPa Where: 2.1-valve upper adjustment nut pitch, unit mm; spring compression x-derived (or relaxation) 2.1 mm high , The degree of pressure rise or drop, the unit MPa 25.5-to move under the pressure of the total amount of compression springs, unit mm; 18.96-action pressure setting, the unit MPa Namely: forward or reverse rotation adjustment nut of its week of pressure rise or drop to 1.56 MPa; since the adjustment nut to nut, so each spin 1 / 6, the pressure rise (drop) is 0.26 MPa, this value theory standard value, but must pay attention to reheater, drum, superheater pressure because of different tuning action, the total amount of compression spring is different from the safety valve adjustment nut rotation a week (or corner) is not the same pressure rise or drop. (3) check valve with a hydraulic device K-value and simple calculation On the drum, superheater safety valve calibration, the use hydraulic device (aimed at reducing the number of high-voltage action under the safety valve to protect the valve flap and seat joints, and the checksum to save time and fuel), the first steam 70% of the rated working pressure under the pressure of the valve manually pull the pull up, people try to run thallium, and then the steam pressure to 75% to 85% rated pressure mounted on the first hydraulic device calibration, one operating hydraulic devices boost to a person to see hydraulic table, one supervisor reported that in situ pressure gauge, safety valve when the hydraulic device to Boost Micro, the same time heard the "Crash" sound when the device should be quick release hydraulic pressure relief knob (to avoid safety valve off), and note the time of the hydraulic device table value and vapor pressure, then pressure equilibrium formula for action: P = F1 × K + F2 The formula: F1-hydraulic lifting force device MPa F2-steam valve valve on the force MPa K-hydraulic device area and the effective pressure relief valve hose Ministry of effective pressure area ratio, given by the manufacturer, K = 1.12. Now with 2 steam drum safety valve 3, for example, check with the hydraulic device is calculated as follows: in situ boiler pressure 17 MPa, oil pressure gauge pressure device 3.95 MPa, K = 1.12 substitution P = F1 × K + F2 = 3.95 × 1.12 +17 = 21.25MPa Setting this value than the pressure of 21 MPa higher than the action 0.25 MPa, then the actual boost pressure depending on the action value should be whether the high or low to make adjustments. Step-up action after the actual value was 20.9 MPa, at an acceptable standard range of 20.78 ~ 21.2 MPa, while pressure and jumping back seat height of qualified, so no adjustment. 2 way valve to adjust (1) the boiler pressure test, after completion, should be the safety valve seat on the "briquette" removed and rust in some parts of the action, press the safety valve pressure on the value of a good safety valve assembly. (2) reheater inlet and outlet safety valve setting, because the lower the pressure, manufacturers in the field the whole time without hydraulic device, other adjustment methods and procedures with the same drum superheater. (3) If the take-off pressure is too high or too low, it will spring adjusting nut counterclockwise rotation (loose) or clockwise rotation (tight). (4) When the valve is not completely off, that the so-called "level jump" phenomenon, should be lower adjustment ring to the right, the ring tone up, in general, turn two teeth. (5) to adjust the pressure back seat: If the trim is just adjusting back-pressure valve, such as not, adjust the ring up, there is not adjusted under the ring, and finally adjusted to adjust sets. (6) If the back seat pressure is too high (ie opening and closing pressure is too small), the upper adjustment ring L-10 to 20 teeth, lower the ring; If this is still too high to adjust the pressure back seat can be adjusted under the ring right hand, will increase its appropriate; back seat if the pressure to make the appropriate fine-tuning of back pressure chamber may be appropriate to open a large L-throttle its opening, adjustment will adjust the set of complete counterclockwise rotation, due to rise high. (7) If the back seat pressure is too low (that is, hoisting a large pressure difference), such as only do minor adjustments, you can throttle back pressure right hand and a half circle, right off of its small; if still not enough, adjust the upper adjustment ring (D-10 to 20 teeth) will increase its appropriate; back seat if the pressure is still low, you can adjust the lower part L 2 teeth, to reduce it, adjusting the set of clockwise rotation will be adjusted, to reduce . 3 small knot (1) Japanese production of TOA in East Asia valve valve factory in Zhuhai Two 700 MW power plant boiler safety valve commissioning process units, off / back seat pressure, jump height, pressure, etc. to check the safety valve to debug the basic technical parameters and action plate pressure acceptable range. (2) debug superheater safety valve and PCV valve during Exhaust expansion joints appear the phenomena of breaking the curve (the exhaust pipe design for the Raytheon Company), after the furnace by the replacement of 1,2 overheating safety valve outlet exhaust pipe and all the PCV valve exhaust expansion joints, and change expansion joint for the "Hooded" Short Day, the desired effect. (3) Check valve with a hydraulic device set off the pressure, calculation is simple, fast, accurate, high pressure over the entire Kai spring safety valve (except reheater), with a hydraulic device calibration is required tools, and to save manpower and time, safety valve in the cold when given thallium or disassembly, use the same hydraulic device. But it can only check the factory or after the scheduled overhaul the accuracy of the pressure off and can not test run the length of thallium, high and low pressure off back seat, opening and closing pressure of the size and movement problems in the process. On the other hand check valve with a hydraulic device with movement accuracy, the final step should actually be verified. (4) the entire Kai spring safety valve safety valve compared with the pulse, its structure quite different, in the debugging process, the adjustment of a lot of places, and there is a certain correlation. So to adjust safety valve, must be the characteristics of its structure, components, functions, role theory and manufacturers requested the installation of data, a deeper understanding of adjustment methods before they can quickly and accurately verify debugging process Treatment Fortunately, of problems.