混凝土泵车的其他系统
混凝土泵车的其他系统主要是指它的电气控制系统、润滑系统合清洗系统。
其中电气控制系统是泵车的一个十分重要的组成部分，它直接涉及到泵车的可操控性能和应用的难易程度。特别是泵车工作时所涉及的空间范围非常大，布料杆可以伸出几十米甚至更远到浇注点，以及控制大到泵送的启动停止，排量的增减，臂架的移动、转向，小到支腿的选位支撑，工作范围的警示标志等，都要达到协调统一、步调一致，如果没有电气控制系统得出色发挥是很难完成的。
在混凝土泵车的结构组成方面，最主要的是液压泵送机构，这套系统在工作中不乏高速度、高频率运动的部件，它们的正常运转必须要有润滑系统的辅助和支持才能得以持续，所以润滑系统也是必不可少的一环，而润滑系统工作的好坏更关系到整车的使用寿命。
清洗系统的设置是和混凝土泵车的工作性质和环境息息相关的，混凝土的特点是在一定时间后自然凝结硬化且变化过程不可逆，所以如果泵车停机一段时间而没有进行及时的清理，料斗、输送管路就会被凝结的混凝土封住，后果将不堪设想，而泵车上其他被混凝土污染了的部位也会受到很大的损失。鉴于此，混凝土泵车一般都配备空气压缩机或自带水箱的清洗系统，每逢工作完毕或停机一段时间时，都要进行及时的清洗。对于泵车来说，这一点是至关重要。
混凝土泵车的电器控制系统是根据该泵车所采用的液压系统的形式而决定的，目前混凝土泵车的液压系统大都采用单回路或双回路开式系统、双回路闭式系统等控制方式来实现。当混凝土泵车的液压系统确定以后，相应的电气控制系统放案才能确定。
混凝土泵车电气控制系统得控制方式目前主要有五种：机械式、液压式、机电式电器控制式、可编程控制器式、逻辑电路控制式。最早应用的机械式控制方式现在已经被淘汰，由于技术上的原因，{zh1}一种以逻辑电路为核心的控制方式目前也很少用，现在大多是采用可编程控制器式电器控制系统。
国际上xx的液压件制造公司都有类似的PLC产品提供，如REXROTH公司的MC系列微控制器就已经成熟地应用在多种工程机械上，日本立时公司的C系列P型可编程控制器也有应用在混凝土泵车上的实例。又如，在德国施维英公司于2003年交付中国使用的S58SX型混凝土泵车中，配备了独特的维克多系统，这是一种先进的计算机实时监控系统，可以自动监控S58SX的整个系统并能够做出诊断，还可以将所有的信息显示在液晶显示屏上，使操作人员轻松地监控到整个系统的运行情况。施维英公司在2002年推出的KVM39X型混凝土泵车上，采用数字比例布料杆控制系统，可以在无干扰的情况下对布料杆进行xx操纵。后面将安排专门的小节对此进行较详细的介绍。
西门子公司最早推出过LOGO！通用逻辑控制模块，1999年初又推出了新一代的LOGO！产品，可以将编制好的程序在计算机和LOGO！之间进行传送，编程和使用都比较简单。日本三菱公司、松下电工、德国金钟-墨勒公司、日本欧姆龙公司和国内一些公司也有类似产品推出，只是叫法不同而已。但从总体来看，类似产品的灵活性和自身的功能不及可编程控制器PLC好，特别是在混凝土泵车这样较为复杂的控制电路中，虽然也有类似产品的应用，但是一般还是{sx}PLC来控制。
混凝土泵车上除了安装电气控制系统以完成控制任务之外，还安装有手动控制操纵系统，它也是控制系统的一部分。如果采用机械操纵，一般有杆系操纵机构和软轴操纵机构两种方式。如果将两者进行对比就不难发现，转轴操纵机构有更多的优越性，如布置灵活、传动效率高、过渡接头少而且空行程小、行程调节方便等，所以混凝土泵车的操纵系统主要是选择软轴操纵机构。根据实际需要，在泵车的操纵系统中应该能够实现无级调速操纵，而能够使操纵杆停止在任何一个位置的锁定机构是实现无级调速操纵的关键装置，一般可以选用蝶形弹簧或弹簧板等。为便于操纵，操纵手柄都设计安装在较方便的位置，如普茨迈斯特BSF36.09Z型泵车，其控制发动机转速的操纵手柄就装在梯子边，操作很方便。
如采用液压操纵，则可直接从泵车的泵送系统中获取液压驱动力，并通过手动液压阀实现操纵。如意大利生产的CIFA混凝土泵车、韩国大宇公司生产的混凝土泵车等，都有这种形式的操纵系统。操纵盘一般都是图形指示，易学好懂，可以避免误操作。
操纵系统与电器控制系统相比，所承担的控制任务非常精简明确，结构上更是要简单许多。
要想真正地了解一台混凝土泵车的电气控制系统，首先要了解的不应该是实际泵车的控制机构电气元件的分布，或者其电控操作设备的形式，而是应该{zx0}察看一下泵车的电气原理图，从最基本的控制原理入手。通过对电气原理图的阅读，可以从整体上了解泵车的电气控制结构组成和功能设置情况，做到心中有数：然后再结合实际泵车的电气元件和控制结构等的分布情况进行分析，就会对泵车的电气控制系统有一个透彻的认识了。所以，对工程技术人员来讲，泵车的电气原理图是非常重要的一份技术文件（在每一台泵车中都含有这份文件）。
(1)、电气原理图
电气原理图的概念简单的说就是：将各种电气元件用一定的符号表示，并按各个元件的动作顺序所绘制的，用以说明电气的图解。
1）、电气原理图的特点
电气系统的主电路与辅助电路时既分开又有联系地画在同一张图纸上的，主电路一般画在辅助电路的左侧或者上面，主电路用粗线，辅助电路用细线描绘。图中各种电气元件，如接触器、开关按钮等均以未通电、手柄置于零位、未受外力作用、工作机械处于原始位置的情况表示。为了安装以及检修的方便，在电气原理图中元件的连接点线往往都应该标有编号。将电气的线圈、接地分别画在所属的电路中，并将整个电路的电压等级、交、直流回路展开，画成几个独立的部分。
2）、阅读电气原理图的方法
概略了解图纸的作用，把握图纸表现的主题，并围绕这个主题来分析各个电路元件所起的作用。一张图纸上标注了许多元件、线路、图形符号以及文字符号，对这些符号所代表的意义要熟悉，对照符号检查设备明细表，搞清其名称、型号、规格，要善于将图纸上的抽象符号转化为具体元件。一般来说，在电气原理图中应该是遇到接点去找线路并判断出接点是通还是断。
在电气原理图中，各种接点都是按照起始位置画的，但是在读图时，不能按照图纸所表现的内容选择某一种状态来阅读，在读比较复杂的电气原理图时，使用状态分析图是很有帮助的。
读电气原理图的顺序是：先看主电路，再看辅助电路。看辅助电路一般是从上至下、一行接一行地读，或者一部分一部分“化整为零”地读，在读图的过程中有个别问题一时难以弄清楚时，可以暂时放下，等到阅读完其他电路之后，可能就清楚了。
（2）电源与遥控装置
混凝土泵车的工作动力主要是从泵车发动机获得的，发动机的转到通过连接转轴传到取力器，再带动液压马达和液压泵工作，这一部分不使用电源。但在电气控制系统中，则需要以电力作为驱动力，所以就要为此配电源。当然，在液压控制系统中的各种电磁阀等也是需要电源的。混凝土泵车的电源可以从两个渠道获得，一个是外接的380V动力电，另一个是来自泵车的车载电池。如普茨麦斯特BSA 1409D型泵车的润滑系统中，就配备了一个380V交流电源驱动的润滑脂泵，但同时还有24V电源的润滑脂泵和液压驱动的润滑脂泵。
混凝土泵车在操作时，由于控制台距离泵送作业面有几十甚至上百米远，所以往往需要多人配合才能完成作业。这种传统的操作方式因所需人员多，功效低，故大大限制了泵车性能的发挥。有线遥控（即电缆遥控、拖缆遥控）装置在生产使用中电缆线经常是事故的主要根源，而且工作分为十分有限。无线遥控装置是通过无线电频率来控制指令，这就xxxx了拖缆遥控所带来的事故隐患，且这种模拟信号遥控技术可靠实用，对发射指令有很高的分辨率。所以，现在的混凝土泵车在配备有线控制系统的同时，都配备了无线遥控系统和电液比例伺服系统。采用该系统可以{zd0}限度地发挥整机的性能，泵车司机在工作地点驾车定位后，即可以用便携式无线电控制装置依次操作泵车的各个动作，如液压支架的升降、泵车的水平校正、布料杆的左右回转、多级杆的变幅升降等。随着无线电遥控装置在混凝土泵车上的广泛应用，使泵车朝着超高度、大排量的方向发展。
无线电控制系统由发射器和接收器组成，接收器一般装于泵车的侧面，通过一条连接电缆与电控柜相连，发射器由操作人员随身携带。在操作盒上将“近控/远控”切换按钮旋转到“远控”位置就可以进行遥控操作，控制的有效距离在无遮挡环境下可大上百米。遥控器在遭受到同频率的无线电干扰时，会自动封锁。此时各种遥控动作停止，必须重新启动后才能恢复遥控功能。这样就可以保证安全操作，避免误操作的发生。
The other concrete pump system
The other concrete pump system mainly refers to the electrical control system, the lubrication system of cleaning system.
Electrical control system which the pump is a very important component of it is directly related to the control of pump performance and the ease of application. Especially when the pump work involved in the space of very large, cloth-can be extended even farther to pouring tens of meters, and the control of the pumping to stop the launch, the displacement of change, the movement of Boom , To small outrigger to the election of the support, the scope of work, such as warning signs, to achieve harmonization, acting in unison, if not outstanding in the electrical control system is very difficult to complete the play.
Concrete pump truck in the structure of the composition, the main hydraulic pump is sent to institutions, the system at work in many high-speed, high-frequency components of the campaign, they must have the normal operation of the lubrication system can assist and support To be continued, so lubrication system is also indispensable part of the lubrication system work more related to the quality of life of the vehicle.
Cleaning the system is set up concrete pump truck and the nature of work and the environment are closely related to the concrete is characterized by a certain time after the natural setting and hardening process of irreversible change, so if the pump shutdown for a period of time without timely clearance, hopper, conveyor Condensation of the pipeline will be sealed concrete, the consequences would be disastrous, but on the other concrete pump truck pollution will also be the site of a great loss. In view of this, concrete pump truck equipped with air compressors are generally carrying water tanks or the cleaning system, work completed during the shutdown period of time or when to have timely cleaning. The pump, it is essential.
Concrete pump electrical control system is based on the pump used by the hydraulic system in the form of the decision, the concrete pump the hydraulic system mostly uses a single-or double-loop open-loop system, closed-loop system, such as dual-control Way to achieve. When the concrete pump the hydraulic system established after the corresponding electrical control system-which can only be determined.
Concrete pump electrical control system in the control mode currently has five major: mechanical, hydraulic, electrical and mechanical-electrical-control, programmable logic controller-and-control logic. The first application of the mechanical control has now been eliminated, for technical reasons, to the end of a logic circuit as the core of the current control methods are rarely used, now mostly used PLC-electrical control system.
Internationally renowned manufacturer of hydraulic parts of the PLC have similar products, such as the MC REXROTH series microcontrollers already mature application in a variety of engineering machinery, the Japanese company's Series C immediately P-type programmable control Also has applications in the concrete pump on the case. In another example, in Germany SCHWING company in 2003 delivered to the Chinese use the S58SX-concrete pump truck, equipped with a unique Victor system, which is a real-time monitoring of advanced computer system that can automatically monitor the entire system and S58SX Able to make the diagnosis, but also all the information displayed on the LCD screen, so that operators to easily monitor the operation of the system as a whole. SCHWING introduced in 2002-the KVM39X concrete pump truck, the proportion of fabric using digital-control systems, non-interference in the case of the cloth-precise manipulation. Will be behind this special section for more details.
Siemens company first launched the LOGO! General logic control module, the beginning of 1999 has introduced a new generation of LOGO! Products can be good preparation procedures in the computer and LOGO! Between transmission, programming and use are relatively simple. Japan's Mitsubishi Corporation, Matsushita Electric Works, Germany Queensway - Le Mexican company, Omron Corporation of Japan and some domestic companies have introduced similar products, only name is different. But generally, the flexibility of similar products and their functions better than PLC programmable logic controller, particularly in the concrete pump more complex this control circuit, although there are similar products of the application, but is generally preferred PLC To control.
In addition to the installation of concrete pump truck on the electrical control system to complete control tasks, but also installed a manual control system manipulation, it is also part of the control system. If the use of mechanical manipulation, are generally under control of the agencies and institutions in two ways Ruanzhou manipulation. If the two were compared to easily find, shaft manipulation institutions with more advantages, such as the layout flexibility, high efficiency drive, the transitional joint air and less on the trip, the itinerary adjustments convenient, concrete pump truck maneuvering system is mainly Select Ruanzhou manipulation agencies. According to actual needs, the manipulation of the pump system should be able to achieve stepless speed regulation manipulation, and the joystick can stop at any one location of the locking mechanism is the key to achieving stepless speed regulation control devices, can generally choose butterfly spring Or spring board, and so on. In order to facilitate manipulation, manipulation handle all designed and installed in more convenient locations, such as Putzmeister BSF36.09Z-Pump, their control engine speed maneuvering handle mounted on a ladder on the side of operation is very convenient.
Such as the use of hydraulic manipulation, or directly from the pump of the hydraulic pumping system of access to driving force, and through hydraulic valve manually manipulated to achieve. If the Italian production of CIFA concrete pump, manufactured by South Korea's Daewoo concrete pump truck, and so on, have this form of control system. Graphics-manipulation are generally instructed to learn better understand and prevent misuse.
Control system and electrical control systems, mission control borne by the very concise clear, the structure is simple to many.
If we really want to understand a concrete pump electrical control system, we must first understand the actual pump should not be the bodies of electrical components control the distribution, or its electronic control equipment in the form of operation, but should first look at the Pump Electrical schematics, from the start with the basic principles of control. Through the electrical schematics of reading, from the overall understanding of the electrical pump control structure and function of settings, be aware of: the actual pump truck and then combine the electrical components and control structure, such as the distribution of the analysis, Pump will be on the electrical control system has a thorough understanding of the. So, in terms of engineering and technical personnel, the electric pump is a very important principle of a technical paper (in each pump contained in this document).
(1), electrical schematics
Electrical schematics that the concept is simple: all kinds of electrical components with a certain symbol, and the various components of the action by the order of the draw, to illustrate the electrical diagram
1), the electrical characteristics of the principle of
Electrical system and support the main circuit when the circuit is also linked to separate with a painting in the drawings and paintings in the main circuit general auxiliary circuit to the left or above, the main circuit with pachytene, assisted by the thin circuit portrayed. Plans of various electrical components, such as contacts, switch button, and so are not power, handle at zero, unaffected by external force, mechanical work in the original location of the situation. In order to facilitate the installation and maintenance of the electrical components in the principle of the connection point line often be marked with code. The electrical coil, the paintings were grounded in their circuit and the circuit voltage, the TAC, the DC Circuit started painting into several independent parts.
2), read electrical schematics of the way
Drawing broad understanding of the role, grasp the performance of the theme of the drawings, and on this theme to the various circuit elements of the role played by. Marking a drawing on a number of components, circuits, graphic symbols and text symbols, these symbols represent the meaning to familiar with the control symbols screening equipment breakdown, gain a clear understanding of its name, models, specifications, drawings will have to be good at the Abstract symbols into concrete components. Generally speaking, the electrical schematics should be encountered in the contact line and judgement to find contact is broken-or.
In electrical schematics, all kinds of contacts are in accordance with the initial location of the painting, but in Dutu, not in accordance with the drawings shown by the contents of a certain state to choose to read, reading is more complicated electrical schematics, the use of state Map is very helpful.
Reading electrical schematics of the order is: look at the main circuit, again assisted circuit. See auxiliary circuit is generally top-down, and his party and his party to read, or some part of "Huazhengweiling" read, in the process of Dutu some time to figure out the problem, you can temporarily put aside, wait until you're finished reading the other Circuit, may be clear.
(2) power and a remote control device
Concrete pump the work force is mainly obtained from the pump truck engine, engine to spread through the connecting shaft from power, then driven hydraulic motors and hydraulic pump, this part of the non-use of power. But in the electrical control system, you need to power as a driving force, so it is necessary to this end with power. Of course, in the hydraulic control system of the various electromagnetic valve, and so is the need for power. Concrete pump power from two sources, one of the 380 V is an external force, and the other is from the car battery pump. If Puchi Meister BSA 1409D-pump lubrication system, equipped with a 380 V AC power-driven pumps grease, but at the same time there are 24 V power grease pump and hydraulic-driven pumps grease.
Concrete pump in operation, the console from the pumping operations of dozens or even on the 100-meter long, so people often need to meet to complete operation. This traditional mode of operation due to staffing requirements, low efficiency, it greatly limits the performance of the play pump. Wired remote control (that is, cable remote control, Cable remote control) devices used in the production of the cable is often the main cause of the accident, but the work is divided into very limited. Wireless remote control through radio frequencies to control orders, which completely eliminate the delay caused by a remote control cable hidden causes of accidents, and the analog signal remote control technology is reliable and practical, to launch a high-resolution instructions. So, now equipped with a concrete pump in the cable control systems, are equipped with a wireless remote control systems and electro-hydraulic proportional servo system. The system can be used to maximize the performance of play Machine, Pump drivers drive targeted at places of work, which can be used portable radio control devices were operating in various pump action, such as hydraulic support of change, the level of Pump Correction, placing booms around the rotary, multi-level movements such as the Change. With radio-controlled device in the concrete pump on a wide range of applications, to pump in the ultra-high, the emission direction.
Radio control system from the transmitter and receiver components, the receiver general of the pump installed in the side, connected by a cable connected with the Dian Konggui and launchers from the operator to carry. Box will be in operation "near-/ Remote Control" button rotary switch to the "Remote Control" location on the remote control can operate, effectively control the distance in no circumstances can block on the 100-meter. Remote control with the subject of radio frequency interference, will be automatically blocked. Action to stop all kinds of remote control at this time, must be re-activated remote control to restore function. This will ensure safe operation, to avoid the misuse occurred.
