鏁板涓庣粺璁″鏁欏鎸囧濮斿憳浼?span lang="EN-US">

    1998骞存暀鑲查儴棰佸竷鏂扮殑鏈涓撲笟鐩綍涓紝鏁板瀛︾鍖呮嫭“鏁板涓庡簲鐢ㄦ暟瀛?span lang="EN-US">”銆?span lang="EN-US">“淇℃伅涓庤绠楃瀛?span lang="EN-US">”涓や釜涓撲笟銆?span lang="EN-US">

    “鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟鍙戝睍鎴樼暐鐮旂┒”鏄暀楂樺徃[2004]43鍙锋枃銆婂叧浜庢壒鍑嗙悊宸ョ鍚勬暀瀛︽寚瀵煎鍛樹細鐮旂┒璇鹃绔嬮」骞舵牳鎷ㄧ粡璐圭殑閫氱煡銆嬩腑鎵瑰噯绔嬮」鐨?span lang="EN-US">58椤圭爺绌惰棰樹腑鐨勪竴椤癸紝搴忓彿涓?span lang="EN-US">1銆傜珛椤瑰悗锛岃棰樼粍灏辨暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氬彂灞曟垬鐣ョ爺绌跺埗浣滀簡闂嵎璋冩煡琛紝瀵瑰叏鍥芥墍鏈夌殑涓撲笟鐐瑰彂鍑鸿皟鏌ラ棶鍗凤紙鍥炴敹203 浠斤紝鍏朵腑閲嶇偣闄㈡牎51浠斤級锛屽苟闄嗙画鍙紑灏忓瀷搴ц皥浼氳皟鏌ョ爺绌讹紝鍙堝厛鍚庝笁娆″彫寮€鏁欏鎸囧濮斿憳浼氬伐浣滀細璁繘琛岀爺璁紝褰㈡垚鏈姤鍛娿€?span lang="EN-US">

    涓€銆?鏁板瀛︾鍙婃暟瀛︽暀鑲茬殑鍦颁綅鍜屼綔鐢?/span>

 1锛庢暟瀛﹀绉戠殑鍦颁綅鍜屼綔鐢?/span>

    鏁板鍦ㄤ汉绫绘枃鏄庣殑杩涙鍜屽彂灞曚腑涓€鐩村彂鎸ョ潃閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€傝繃鍘伙紝浜轰滑涔犳儻鎶婄瀛﹀垎涓鸿嚜鐒剁瀛︺€佺ぞ浼氱瀛︿袱澶х被锛屾暟銆佺悊銆佸寲銆佸ぉ銆佸湴銆佺敓閮藉綊灞炰簬鑷劧绉戝銆備絾鏄紝鐜板湪绉戝瀹舵洿鍊惧悜浜庢妸鑷劧绉戝鐣屽畾涓轰互鐮旂┒鐗╄川鐨勬煇涓€杩愬姩褰㈡€佷负鐗瑰緛鐨勭瀛︼紝濡傜墿鐞嗗銆佸寲瀛︺€佺敓鐗╁銆傛暟瀛︽槸蹇界暐浜嗙墿璐ㄧ殑鍏蜂綋杩愬姩褰㈡€佸拰灞炴€э紝绾补浠庢暟閲忓叧绯诲拰绌洪棿褰㈠紡鐨勮搴︽潵鐮旂┒鐜板疄涓栫晫鐨勶紝鍏锋湁瓒呰秺鍏蜂綋绉戝鍜屾櫘閬嶉€傜敤鐨勭壒寰侊紝鍏锋湁鍏叡鍩虹鐨勫湴浣嶏紝涓庣悊銆佸寲銆佺敓绛夊绉戜笉灞炰簬鍚屼竴灞傛锛屽洜姝や笉鏄嚜鐒剁瀛︾殑涓€绉嶃€傛妸绉戝鍒嗕负鑷劧绉戝銆佺ぞ浼氱瀛﹀拰鏁板绉戝涓夊ぇ绫伙紝杩欑瑙傜偣鏇翠负瀛︽湳鐣屾墍璁ゅ彲銆?/span>

    鎭╂牸鏂浘璇磋繃锛?span lang="EN-US">“鏁板鍦ㄥ寲瀛︿腑鐨勫簲鐢ㄦ槸绾挎€ф柟绋嬬粍锛岃€屽湪鐢熺墿瀛︿腑鐨勫簲鐢ㄦ槸闆?span lang="EN-US">”銆備絾鏄紝鍦ㄥ綋浠婇珮绉戞妧鏃朵唬锛岃嚜鐒剁瀛﹀拰绀句細绉戝鐨勫悇棰嗗煙鐨勭爺绌惰繘鍏ュ埌鏇存繁鐨勫眰娆″拰鏇村箍鐨勮寖鐣达紝鍦ㄨ繖浜涚爺绌朵腑鏁板鐨勮繍鐢ㄥ線寰€鏄疄璐ㄦ€х殑锛屾暟瀛︿笌鑷劧绉戝鍜岀ぞ浼氱瀛︾殑鍏崇郴浠庢潵娌℃湁鍍忎粖澶╄繖鏍峰瘑鍒囥€傝澶氫竴搴﹁璁や负娌℃湁搴旂敤浠峰€肩殑鎶借薄鐨勬暟瀛︽蹇典笌鐞嗚锛屽嚭浜烘剰鏂欏湴鎵惧埌浜嗗畠浠殑鍘熷瀷鍜屽簲鐢ㄣ€傛仼鏍兼柉鎵€鎻忚堪鐨勭姸鍐垫棭宸叉垚涓哄巻鍙层€傛垜浠暐涓捐嫢骞蹭晶闈紝琛ㄦ槑鏁板鐨勬笚閫忓拰搴旂敤銆?/span>

    ——鏁板鐨勮澶氶珮娣辩悊璁轰笌鏂规硶姝ｅ箍娉涙繁鍏ュ湴娓楅€忓埌鑷劧绉戝鐨勫悇涓鍩熶腑鍘汇€傜編鍥借嚜鐒剁瀛﹀熀閲戜細鏈€杩戞寚鍑猴細褰撲唬鑷劧绉戝鐨勭爺绌舵鍦ㄦ棩鐩婂憟鐜板嚭鏁板鍖栫殑瓒嬪娍銆?/span>

    ——鏃犺鏄數瀛愯绠楁満鐨勫彂鏄庤繕鏄畠鐨勫箍娉涗娇鐢ㄩ兘鏄互鏁板涓哄熀纭€鐨勩€傚湪鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈虹殑鍙戞槑鍙蹭笂锛岄噷绋嬬寮忕殑浜虹墿鍥炬灄鍜屽啹·璇轰緷鏇奸兘鏄暟瀛﹀锛岃€屽湪褰撲粖璁＄畻鏈虹殑閲嶅ぇ搴旂敤涓篃鏃犱笉鍖呭惈鐫€鏁板銆傚洜鑰岋紝缇庡浗鍥藉鐮旂┒濮斿憳浼氬湪涓€浠芥姤鍛婁腑鎶婃暟瀛︿笌鑳芥簮銆佹潗鏂欑瓑骞跺垪涓哄繀椤讳紭鍏堝彂灞曠殑鍩虹鐮旂┒棰嗗煙銆?/span>

    ——淇℃伅鎶€鏈凡琚箍娉涘湴搴旂敤浜庢柟鏂归潰闈紝楂樼鎶€寰€寰€鍦ㄦ湰璐ㄤ笂鏄竴绉嶆暟瀛︽妧鏈€備簨瀹炰笂锛屼粠鍖诲涓婄殑CT鎶€鏈埌鍗板埛鎺掔増鐨勮嚜鍔ㄥ寲锛屼粠椋炶鍣ㄧ殑妯℃嫙璁捐鍒版寚绾圭殑璇嗗埆锛屼粠鐭虫补鍦伴渿鍕樻帰鐨勬暟鎹鐞嗗埌淇℃伅瀹夊叏鎶€鏈瓑绛夛紝鍦ㄥ舰褰㈣壊鑹茬殑鎶€鏈儗鍚庯紝鏁板閮芥壆婕旂潃鍗佸垎閲嶈鐨勮鑹诧紝甯稿父鎴愪负瑙ｅ喅闂鐨勫叧閿€?/span>

    ——鏁板宸茬粡骞挎硾鍦版繁鍏ュ埌绀句細绉戝鐨勫悇涓鍩熴€備緥濡傦紝鐢ㄦ暟瀛︽ā鍨嬬爺绌跺畯瑙傜粡娴庝笌寰缁忔祹锛岀敤鏁板鎵嬫杩涜绀句細鍜屽競鍦鸿皟鏌ヤ笌棰勬祴锛岀敤鏁板鐞嗚杩涜椋庨櫓鍒嗘瀽鍜屾寚瀵奸噾铻嶆姇璧勶紝鍦ㄨ澶氬浗瀹跺凡琚箍娉涢噰鐢紝鍦ㄦ垜鍥戒篃寮€濮嬪彈鍒伴噸瑙嗐€傚湪缁忔祹涓庨噾铻嶇殑鐞嗚鐮旂┒涓婏紝鏁板鐨勫湴浣嶆洿鍔犵壒娈娿€傚湪璇鸿礉灏旂粡娴庡濂栫殑鑾峰緱鑰呭綋涓紝鏁板瀹舵垨鏈夌爺绌舵暟瀛︾殑缁忓巻鐨勭粡娴庡瀹跺崰浜嗕竴鍗婁互涓娿€?/span>

    ——缇庡浗鍓嶅嚑骞磋亴涓氭帓琛屾鐨?span lang="EN-US">250绉嶈亴涓氫腑锛屾暟瀛﹀锛堟寚鍚勮涓氫腑浠庝簨鏁板寤烘ā銆佷豢鐪熺瓑搴旂敤鐨勬暟瀛﹀锛夊悕鍒楃浜斾綅锛屽墠鍥涗綅鍒嗗埆鏄綉绔欑粡鐞嗐€佷繚闄╃簿绠楀笀銆佺數鑴戠郴缁熷垎鏋愬笀銆佽蒋浠跺伐绋嬪笀锛屼粬浠篃閮介渶瑕佹湁寰堝己鐨勬暟瀛﹁儗鏅€?/span>

    鎬讳箣锛屾暟瀛﹀湪褰撲唬绉戞妧銆佹枃鍖栥€佺ぞ浼氥€佺粡娴庡拰鍥介槻绛夎澶氶鍩熶腑鐨勭壒娈婂湴浣嶆槸涓嶅彲蹇借鐨勩€傚彂灞曟暟瀛︾瀛︼紝鏄帹杩涙垜鍥界瀛︾爺绌跺拰鎶€鏈彂灞曪紝淇濋殰鎴戝浗鍦ㄥ悇涓噸瑕侀鍩熶腑鍙寔缁彂灞曠殑鎴樼暐闇€瑕併€?/span>

 2锛庢暟瀛︽暀鑲茬殑鍦颁綅鍜屼綔鐢?/span>

    鏁板鏄汉绫荤ぞ浼氳繘姝ョ殑浜х墿锛屼篃鏄帹鍔ㄧぞ浼氬彂灞曠殑鍔ㄥ姏涔嬩竴銆傛暟瀛︿笌浜虹被鏂囨槑銆佷笌浜虹被鏂囧寲鏈夌潃瀵嗗垏鐨勫叧绯汇€傛暟瀛﹀湪浜虹被鏂囨槑鐨勮繘姝ュ拰鍙戝睍涓紝涓€鐩村湪鏂囧寲灞傞潰涓婂彂鎸ョ潃閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€?/span>

    鏁板涓嶄粎鏄竴绉嶉噸瑕佺殑“宸ュ叿”鎴?span lang="EN-US">“鏂规硶”锛屼篃鏄竴绉嶆€濈淮妯″紡锛屽嵆“鏁板鏂瑰紡鐨勭悊鎬ф€濈淮”锛涙暟瀛︿笉浠呮槸涓€闂ㄧ瀛︼紝涔熸槸涓€绉嶆枃鍖栵紝鍗?span lang="EN-US">“鏁板鏂囧寲”锛涙暟瀛︿笉浠呮槸涓€浜涚煡璇嗭紝涔熸槸涓€绉嶇礌璐紝鍗?span lang="EN-US">“鏁板绱犺川”銆傛暟瀛﹁缁冨湪鎻愰珮浜虹殑鎺ㄧ悊鑳藉姏銆佹娊璞¤兘鍔涖€佸垎鏋愯兘鍔涘拰鍒涢€犺兘鍔涗笂锛屾槸鍏朵粬璁粌闅句互鏇夸唬鐨勩€?/span>

    鏁板绱犺川鏄汉鐨勬枃鍖栫礌璐ㄧ殑涓€涓噸瑕佹柟闈€傚彜甯岃厞鐨勪笂娴佺ぞ浼氫腑锛屾噦鏁板鏄湁鏂囧寲鐨勮薄寰侊紱娌℃湁鐩稿綋鏁板搴曡暣鐨勪汉锛屽湪涓婂眰浜哄＋涓槸鍙楁瑙嗙殑銆傛暟瀛︾殑鎬濇兂銆佺簿绁炪€佹柟娉曪紝浠庢暟瀛﹁搴︾湅闂鐨勭潃鐪肩偣銆佸鐞嗛棶棰樼殑鏉＄悊鎬с€佹€濊€冮棶棰樼殑涓ュ瘑鎬э紝瀵逛汉鐨勭患鍚堢礌璐ㄧ殑鎻愰珮閮芥湁涓嶅彲鎴栫己鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€傝緝楂樼殑鏁板淇吇锛屾棤璁哄湪鍙や唬杩樻槸鍦ㄧ幇浠ｏ紝鏃犺瀵圭鎶€宸ヤ綔鑰呰繕鏄紒涓氱鐞嗚€咃紝鏃犺瀵瑰悇琛屼笟鐨勫伐浣滀汉鍛樿繕鏄斂搴滃叕鍔″憳锛岄兘鏄崄鍒嗘湁鐩婄殑銆?span lang="EN-US"> “鑳镐腑鏈夋暟”涓殑“鏁?span lang="EN-US">”锛屼笉浠呭寘鍚簨鐗╃殑鏁伴噺鏂归潰锛岃繕搴斿寘鍚暟瀛︾殑鎬濇兂銆佺簿绁炪€佹柟娉曠瓑鏂归潰銆傛墍浠ワ紝鏁板鏁欒偛鏄彁楂樻暣涓腑鍗庢皯鏃忓浗姘戠礌璐ㄧ殑閲嶈鐜妭銆?/span>

    闅忕潃鐭ヨ瘑缁忔祹鏃朵唬鍜屼俊鎭椂浠ｇ殑鍒版潵锛屾暟瀛︽洿鏄?span lang="EN-US">“鏃犲涓嶅湪锛屾棤鎵€涓嶇敤”銆傚悇涓鍩熶腑璁稿鐮旂┒瀵硅薄鐨勬暟閲忓寲瓒嬪娍鎰堝彂鍔犲己锛屾暟瀛︾粨鏋勭殑鑱旂郴鎰堝彂閲嶈锛屽啀鍔犱笂璁＄畻鏈虹殑鏅強鍜屽簲鐢紝缁欐垜浠竴涓幇瀹炵殑鍚ず锛氭瘡涓€涓兂鎴愪负鏈夎緝楂樻枃鍖栫礌璐ㄧ殑鐜颁唬浜猴紝閮藉簲褰撳叿澶囪緝楂樼殑鏁板绱犺川锛屽洜姝わ紝鏁板鏁欒偛瀵规墍鏈変笓涓氱殑澶у鐢熸潵璇达紝閮藉繀涓嶅彲灏戙€?/span>

    鎴戜滑璁や负锛屾暟瀛︽暀鑲插皢浠庝互涓嬩簲涓柟闈㈠澶у鐢熷彂鎸ヤ綔鐢細

    ——鎺屾彙蹇呰鐨勬暟瀛﹀伐鍏凤紝鐢ㄦ潵澶勭悊鍜岃В鍐虫湰瀛︾涓櫘閬嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑鏁伴噺鍖栭棶棰樹笌閫昏緫鎺ㄧ悊闂銆?/span>

    ——浜嗚В鏁板鏂囧寲锛屾彁楂樻暟瀛︾礌璐紝灏嗕娇浜虹粓鐢熷彈鐩娿€?/span>

    ——鍩瑰吇“鏁板鏂瑰紡鐨勭悊鎬ф€濈淮”锛屽鎶借薄鎬濈淮銆侀€昏緫鎬濈淮绛夛紝浼氭綔绉婚粯鍖栧湴鍦ㄤ汉浠棩鍚庣殑宸ヤ綔涓捣浣滅敤銆?/span>

    ——鍩瑰吇鍏ㄩ潰鐨勫缇庢儏鎿嶏紝浣撲細鍒版暟瀛︽槸涓庡彶璇椼€侀煶涔愩€侀€犲瀷骞跺垪鐨勭編瀛︿腑蹇冩瀯鏋躲€?/span>

    ——涓哄鐢熺殑缁堣韩瀛︿範鎵撳熀纭€锛屽仛鍑嗗銆?/span>

    鍥犳锛屽澶у鐢熺殑鏁板鏁欒偛锛屾槸鎵€鏈変笓涓氭暀鑲插拰鏂囧寲鏁欒偛涓潪甯稿熀纭€鍜岄潪甯搁噸瑕佺殑涓€涓柟闈€備粠鑰岋紝鍙戝睍鍜屾敼闈╂暟瀛︽暀鑲诧紝鏄煿鍏诲拰閫犲氨涓€澶ф壒鍏锋湁鍒涙柊绮剧鍜屽垱鏂拌兘鍔涗汉鎵嶇殑鑷冲叧閲嶈鐨勪竴涓帾鏂姐€?/span>

    鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟鐨勬暀鑲诧紝鏄笓闂ㄥ煿鍏绘暟瀛﹀強鐩稿叧棰嗗煙浜烘墠鐨勬暀鑲诧紝鏇村姞鍏锋湁鍩虹鐨勫湴浣嶅拰浣滅敤銆?/span>

    鐜板疄鐢熸椿涓紝闈㈠鏂颁笘绾珮绉戞妧棰嗗煙鐨勭珵浜夛紝瀵规暟瀛︿汉鎵嶇殑闇€姹備篃涓庢棩淇卞銆傛暟瀛︾被涓撲笟姣曚笟鐢熺殑鍘诲悜寮€濮嬩粠浼犵粺鐨勯珮绛夐櫌鏍°€佺鐮旈櫌鎵€锛屾墿灞曞埌淇℃伅銆佽蒋浠躲€佺粡娴庛€侀噾铻嶃€佷繚闄┿€佺鐞嗙瓑琛屼笟锛涚粡娴庡缓璁句富鎴樺満瀵逛簬鍚勫眰娆°€佸鏂归潰鐨勬暟瀛︿汉鎵嶇殑闇€姹傛棩鏄捐揩鍒囷紱瀵逛竴鑸姵鍔ㄨ€呯殑鏁板绱犲吇锛屼篃鎻愬嚭浜嗚緝楂樼殑瑕佹眰銆傜ぞ浼氬叕浼椾笌鐢ㄤ汉鍗曚綅瀵规暟瀛︿笌鏁板浜烘墠鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ拰浠峰€肩殑璁よ瘑鍦ㄧ煭鐭殑鍗佷綑骞撮噷宸叉湁寰堝ぇ鎻愰珮锛屾暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氭瘯涓氱敓鐨勫氨涓氱姸鍐典笌鎷涚敓鐨勭敓婧愮姸鍐垫鍦ㄩ€愭鏀瑰杽锛屾暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氱殑鏁欒偛婊℃€€淇″績鍦拌繘鍏ヤ簡鏂扮殑涓栫邯銆?/span>

    浜屻€?鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟鏁欏鏀归潻搴旀湁鐨勭壒鐐?/span>

    鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟鏁欏鏀归潻闄や簡鍏锋湁鍚勫绉戞暀瀛︽敼闈╃殑鍏辨€у锛岃繕鏈夎嚜宸辩殑鐗规€э紝杩欐槸鍥犱负鏁板瀛︾鏈夎嚜宸辩殑鐗圭偣銆備互涓嬩簲涓柟闈㈢殑闂铏界劧鏄墍鏈夊绉戠殑鏁欒偛鏁欏鏀归潻閮借娑夊強鐨勯棶棰橈紝浣嗗湪杩欎簺闂涓婏紝鏁板鏁欒偛鐗规畩鎬э紝灏ゅ叾鍊煎緱璁ょ湡鎬濊€冨拰濡ュ杽鎶婃彙銆?/span>

 1锛庢暟瀛︽暀瀛︿腑鐞嗚鑱旂郴瀹為檯鐨勯棶棰?/span>

鏁板鏉ユ簮浜庝汉绫诲疄璺碉紝浣嗕粠瀹炶返涓娊璞″嚭鏉ヤ互鍚庯紝鍙堟湁瀹冪浉瀵圭殑鐙珛鎬у拰绋冲畾鎬с€傜壒鍒槸褰撳畠鍙戝睍鍒颁竴瀹氱▼搴︿互鍚庯紝鏁板鍐呴儴鎻愬嚭浜嗗ぇ閲忛噸瑕佺殑绾暟瀛﹂棶棰橈紝鍦ㄧ浉褰撳ぇ鐨勭▼搴︿笂鍚稿紩浜嗘暟瀛﹀鐨勫叴瓒ｃ€傛帹鍔ㄦ暟瀛︾殑鍙戝睍锛岄櫎浜嗗疄璺靛強鍏朵粬瀛︾鍜屾妧鏈殑闇€瑕佽繖绉嶆潵鑷閮ㄧ殑鍔ㄥ姏澶栵紝杩樻湁鏉ヨ嚜鏁板鍐呴儴鐨勫法澶у姩鍔涖€傛暟瀛﹀伐浣滆€呭父甯搁€氳繃瀵规暟瀛﹀唴閮ㄦ彁鍑虹殑闂鐨勭爺绌讹紝鍙戝睍鍜屽畬鍠勬暟瀛︾悊璁猴紝杩欎簺鐞嗚鍙堥€氳繃涓嶅悓閫斿緞搴旂敤浜庡疄璺点€備緥濡傦紝瀵规鍑犻噷寰楀钩琛岀嚎鍏鐨勮璁烘寔缁簡涓ゅ崈骞达紝铏界劧璁稿鏁板瀹跺湪璇曞浘璇佹槑杩欎竴鍏鐨勫姫鍔涗腑澶辫触浜嗭紝浣嗗畠鏈€缁堝鑷翠簡鎰忎箟閲嶅ぇ鐨勯潪娆у嚑浣曠殑璇炵敓銆傚鏁板瀛︾鐞嗚鑱旂郴瀹為檯鐨勭悊瑙ｄ笉鑳界畝鍗曞寲銆傛暟瀛﹂棶棰樼殑褰㈠紡鍖栬〃杩版湁鏃惰浜鸿寰楅毦浠ラ娴嬪叾搴旂敤鍓嶆櫙锛屼絾鏁板鐞嗚鍙兘鑱旂郴鐨?span lang="EN-US">“瀹為檯”锛屾湁鏃朵細杩滆繙瓒呭嚭浜轰滑鐨勬兂璞★紝鐢氳嚦甯稿父鏄暟瀛︾悊璁哄嚭鐜版椂灏氭湭鍑虹幇鐨?span lang="EN-US">“瀹為檯”銆傚彜甯岃厞鐨勫渾閿ユ洸绾跨悊璁哄悗鏉ヨ搴旂敤浜庡紑鏅嫆鐨勮鏄熻繍鍔ㄤ笁瀹氬緥锛岄粠鏇煎嚑浣曠悊璁哄悗鏉ヨ搴旂敤浜庣埍鍥犳柉鍧︾殑骞夸箟鐩稿璁猴紝闄堢渷韬殑绾ょ淮涓涚悊璁哄悗鏉ヨ搴旂敤浜庢潹鎸畞鐨勮鑼冨満鐞嗚锛岄兘澶уぇ鎺ㄥ姩浜嗕笘鐣岀瀛︽妧鏈殑鍙戝睍銆?/span>

    鍥犳锛屾暟瀛︽暀瀛︿腑瑕佹敞鎰忕悊璁鸿仈绯诲疄闄咃紝鐗瑰埆瑕佹敞鎰忔暟瀛﹀缓妯＄殑閲嶈鎬э紝浣嗕笉鑳藉澶勯兘寮鸿皟鏈烘鍦拌仈绯诲綋鏃剁敓浜с€佺敓娲讳腑鐨勫疄闄咃紱鍦ㄥ彲鑳界殑鎯呭喌涓嬭娓呮鏁板姒傚康鍐呴儴鐨勮仈绯汇€佹暟瀛︾悊璁虹殑绉戝鎰忎箟銆佹暟瀛︿笌鍏朵粬瀛︾鐨勮仈绯伙紝浠ュ強瀛︿範鏁板鏃惰嚜瑙夊煿鍏?span lang="EN-US">“搴旂敤鎰忚瘑”鐨勯噸瑕佹€э紝鍊掓槸鐩墠鏁欏涓櫘閬嶆瑺缂虹殑銆?/span>

 2锛庢暟瀛︽暀瀛﹀唴瀹圭幇浠ｅ寲鐨勯棶棰?/span>

    鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟鍩虹璇惧唴瀹圭幇浠ｅ寲鐨勯棶棰橈紝鏄粠1958骞?span lang="EN-US">“鏁欒偛闈╁懡”浠ユ潵灏辨湁浜夎鐨勯棶棰樸€傛暟瀛︾殑鍩烘湰鐞嗚锛屼笉鍍忕數瀛愬厓浠朵粠鐢靛瓙绠°€佹櫠浣撶鍒伴泦鎴愮數璺偅鏍峰彲浠?span lang="EN-US">“鏇存柊鎹唬”鎴?span lang="EN-US">“寮冩棫鎹㈡柊”锛涙暟瀛︾殑鏁欏鍙兘鍦ㄥ凡鏈夌煡璇嗙殑鍩虹涓婂幓璁叉柊鐭ヨ瘑銆傛湁浜虹敤涓嬮潰鐨勬瘮鍠绘潵璇存槑杩欎竴鐐癸細“鍏朵粬瀛︾鐨勫垱鏂板父甯告槸涓€浠ｄ汉鎺ㄥ€掑墠涓€浠ｄ汉鐨勫ぇ鍘︼紝寤虹珛璧锋柊鐨勭悊璁轰綋绯伙紱鑰屾暟瀛︼紝鍗存€绘槸鍚庝汉鍦ㄥ墠浜烘墍鐩栫殑澶фゼ涓婏紝鍔犵洊涓€灞傛柊妤笺€?span lang="EN-US">”鎴戜滑涓嶅彲鑳藉湪娌℃湁鍒濈瓑鍑芥暟鐭ヨ瘑鐨勬潯浠朵笅鍘昏寰Н鍒嗭紝涔熶笉鍙兘鍦ㄦ病鏈夊嚱鏁版蹇电殑鏉′欢涓嬪幓璁叉硾鍑姐€傚湪鏁板鍩虹璇炬暀瀛﹀唴瀹圭殑鐜颁唬鍖栭棶棰樹笂锛屾垜浠簲璇ョ湅鍒版暟瀛︾殑鐗规畩鎬э紝灏婇噸浜虹殑璁よ瘑瑙勫緥锛屼笉璧舵椂楂︺€傛浘缁忔湁浜烘寚璐?span lang="EN-US">“鍦ㄧ幇浠ｅぇ瀛﹁繕鍦ㄨ17涓栫邯鐨勫井绉垎”锛岃繖鏄崚鍞愮殑锛佸叾瀹烇紝鍦ㄧ粡娴庡璇剧▼涓娇鐢ㄧ畝鍗曠殑寰Н鍒嗘槸“鐜颁唬鍖?span lang="EN-US">”锛屼负浠€涔堝湪鏁板璇剧▼涓鎺堝井绉垎杩欐牱閲嶈鐨勫繀澶囩殑鍩虹灏辨槸“鑰佸寲”鍛紵

    鎴戜滑璁や负锛屾暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氱殑鏁欏鍐呭鐨勭‘搴斿綋鐜颁唬鍖栵紝浣嗛偅鏄寚璇剧▼浣撶郴鎬讳綋鑰岃█锛屼笉鏄姹傛瘡闂ㄨ鐨勬瘡涓€閮ㄥ垎閮界幇浠ｅ寲銆傛暟瀛﹀熀纭€璇惧簲褰撳湪鍐呭涓娿€佽鐐逛笂銆佽瑷€涓婁箖鑷崇鍙蜂笂涓哄悗缁鐨勭幇浠ｅ寲鍋氬ソ鍑嗗锛岀潃鍔涙墦濂藉熀纭€锛岃€屼笉鏄畝鍗曞湴鎶婂悗缁鐨勫唴瀹瑰墠绉汇€備负浜嗚瀛︾敓鐪嬫竻鍩虹璇句笌鐜颁唬鏁板鐨勮仈绯伙紝鍦ㄥ熀纭€璇剧殑璁叉巿涓紑鍑犱釜“绐楀彛”锛岃涓€鐐瑰彧瑕佹眰瀛︾敓浜嗚В鐨勫唴瀹癸紝“鐐瑰埌涓烘”灏卞彲浠ヤ簡銆?/span>

 3锛庢暟瀛︽暀瀛︿腑娉ㄦ剰鍙戝睍瀛︾敓涓€х殑闂

    鏁板鐮旂┒鍜屽垱鏂板綋鐒堕渶瑕佽璁哄拰浜ゆ祦锛岄渶瑕佸洟闃熺簿绁炲拰闆嗕綋鍔涢噺銆備絾鏄笌鍏朵粬瀛︾鐨勭爺绌舵湁鎵€涓嶅悓鐨勪竴涓壒鐐规槸锛屾暟瀛﹀垱鏂版洿澶氱殑鏄釜浜哄姵鍔ㄧ殑鎴愭灉銆傜墰椤夸粠瀵瑰姏瀛︾殑鐮旂┒涓垱绔嬩簡寰Н鍒嗭紝鑾卞竷灏艰尐浠庡鍑犱綍鐨勭爺绌朵腑鍒涚珛浜嗗井绉垎锛屼粬浠箣闂村苟娌℃湁鐩存帴鐨勫悎浣溿€傜綏宸村澶柉鍩恒€侀珮鏂€佹尝绾﹀皵鍚勮嚜鍒涚珛浜嗛潪娆у嚑浣曪紝浠栦滑涔嬮棿涔熸病鏈夊悎浣溿€?/span>

    鍚勬牎鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟鐨勫鐢熶腑寰€寰€浼氬嚭鐜颁竴涓や釜鐗规畩瀛︾敓锛屼粬浠笉浠呭鏁板鏈夋祿鍘氱殑鍏磋叮锛屾湁杈冨ソ鐨勫熀纭€锛岃€屼笖瀵规暟瀛︽湁姣旇緝娣卞埢鐨勭悊瑙ｏ紝鏈変竴瀹氱殑鏁板澶╄祴銆傚湪鏁板鏁欏涓敞鎰忓彂鐜拌繖鏍风殑瀛︾敓锛岀壒鍒寚瀵艰繖鏍风殑瀛︾敓锛屽彂灞曡繖浜涘鐢熺殑涓€у拰鏁板浼樺娍锛屼績浣夸粬浠繀閫熸垚鎵嶏紝鏄垜浠箟涓嶅杈炵殑璐ｄ换銆?/span>

    涓轰簡鍙戠幇鍜屽煿鍏昏繖浜涘ソ鑻楀瓙锛屽湪鏁板鏁欏涓涓嬪仛娉曟槸鍊煎緱鎻愬€＄殑锛氳璁?span lang="EN-US">“璇句笅鎬濊€冮”锛岀粍缁?span lang="EN-US">“璇惧瀛︿範灏忕粍”锛岄紦鍔?span lang="EN-US">“鏈鐢熻璁虹彮”锛屾敮鎸佸ぇ瀛︾敓鐮旂┒椤圭洰锛屽紑璁炬繁鍏ユ祬鍑虹殑杩戜唬鏁板璁插骇锛屾寚瀵兼湰绉戠敓鍐欏皬璁烘枃锛屽紩瀵间粬浠弬鍔犲悇绉嶇骇鍒殑鏁板绔炶禌鍜屾暟瀛﹀缓妯＄珵璧涖€?/span>

 4锛庢暟瀛︽暀瀛︿腑濡備綍閲囩敤澶氬獟浣撹緟鍔╂暀瀛︾殑鎵嬫鍜屽弻璇暀瀛︾殑鏂瑰紡

    楂樺害鐨勬娊璞℃€у拰涓ュ瘑鐨勯€昏緫鎬э紝鏄暟瀛﹀绉戜袱涓樉钁楃殑鐗规€с€傚畠鍐冲畾浜嗘暟瀛︽暀瀛︿笉浠呭簲娉ㄦ剰浼犳巿鐭ヨ瘑锛屾洿搴旀敞鎰忓煿鍏诲鐢熺殑鎶借薄鎬濈淮鍜岄€昏緫鎬濈淮銆傝繎浜涘勾寮€灞曠殑澶氬獟浣撹緟鍔╂暀瀛︼紝浼樼偣鏄舰璞°€佸叿浣撱€備絾褰撴暀瀛︿腑闇€瑕佸煿鍏诲鐢熺殑鎯宠薄鑳藉姏銆佹娊璞¤兘鍔涘拰閫昏緫鎺ㄧ悊鑳藉姏鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鑻ョ敤灞忓箷涓婃湁闄愮殑“褰㈣薄”浠ｆ浛浜嗗鐢熸洿鎺ヨ繎鏁板鏈川鐨?span lang="EN-US">“鎯宠薄”锛岀敤灞忓箷涓婁釜鍒殑“鍏蜂綋”鍙栦唬浜嗗鐢熺殑鏁板“鎶借薄”锛岀敤灞忓箷涓婄殑蹇€熸帹瀵硷紝鍙栦唬浜嗘澘涔︽暀瀛︿腑杈瑰啓杈规兂甯堢敓浜掑姩鐨勯€昏緫娓愯繘杩囩▼锛屼篃璁稿弽鑰屽噺寮卞瀛︾敓鐨勮缁冦€傛墍浠ワ紝鏁板鏁欏涓紝澶氬獟浣撶殑杈呭姪鎵嬫瑕佺粨鍚堟暟瀛﹁绋嬬殑鐗圭偣锛屾敞鎰忓疄鏁堬紝鎭板綋杩愮敤锛屼笉鍙繃澶氾紝鍙兘杈呭姪鏁欏锛屼笉鑳戒唬鏇挎暀瀛︺€傝棰樼粍璁や负锛岀壒鍒浜庝互鍩瑰吇瀛︾敓鐨勬娊璞℃€濈淮銆侀€昏緫鎬濈淮涓虹壒鐐圭殑璇剧▼锛屽簲浠ユ澘涔︽暀瀛︿负涓伙紝鍏朵粬濯掍綋杈呭姪鏁欏鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸鏈夐檺鐨勩€傜粡杩囪棰樼粍璁ㄨ锛岃涓烘暟瀛﹁涓彲浠ラ噰鐢ㄨ绠楁満杈呭姪鏁欏鐨勶紝澶ф鏈変互涓嬩竴浜涙柟闈細澶嶆潅涓夌淮鍥惧舰鐨勫瑙掑害灞曠ず銆佸姩鎬佽繃绋嬬殑婕旂ず銆佸奖鍍忚祫鏂欑殑鏀炬槧銆佷功鍐欓噺杩囧ぇ闅句簬鏉夸功鐨勫唴瀹广€佸ぇ閲忚〃鏍笺€佽祫鏂欍€佹暟鎹€佸浘褰㈢殑灞曠ず銆佹暟瀛︿汉鐗┿€佹暟瀛﹀彶绠€浠嬨€侀泦浣撶瓟鐤戙€佸簭瑷€璇俱€佸涔犺绛夈€傛暟瀛?span lang="EN-US">“绮惧搧璇剧▼”鐨勮瘎瀹℃潯浠朵腑锛屼笉搴旂‖鎬ц姹傚濯掍綋璇句欢涓婄綉銆?

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 5锛庢暟瀛﹀熀纭€璇句腑鍔犲己涔犻璇炬暀瀛︾殑闂

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 2锛庡鍏冨寲鐨勫煿鍏昏鏍兼鍦ㄦ垚涓哄悇鏍＄殑鍏辫瘑鍜屽疄璺?/span>

    鍦ㄨ繃鍘昏鍒掔粡娴庣殑浣撳埗涓嬶紝鏁板绯绘槸涓撻棬鍩瑰吇鏁板鐮旂┒鍜屾暟瀛︽暀瀛︿汉鎵嶇殑銆傜幇鍦紝闅忕潃甯傚満缁忔祹鐨勫彂灞曪紝浠ュ強鏁板涓庡悇绉嶇瀛︽妧鏈殑绱у瘑缁撳悎锛屼汉鎵嶅競鍦轰笂鍚勪釜琛屼笟閮介渶瑕佽澶氬叿鏈夎壇濂界殑鏁板鍩虹銆佽緝寮虹殑鍔ㄦ墜鑳藉姏銆佽緝瀹界殑鐭ヨ瘑闈€佺患鍚堢礌璐ㄥソ鐨勬暟瀛︿汉鎵嶃€傚洜姝わ紝澶氬厓鍖栫殑鍩瑰吇瑙勬牸姝ｅ湪鎴愪负鍚勬牎鐨勫叡璇嗐€傚悇鏍″湪瀹炶返涓婁竴鏂归潰鍩瑰吇鏁板鐮旂┒鍜屾暟瀛︽暀瀛︿汉鎵嶏紝涓€鏂归潰涔熷煿鍏讳竴澶ф壒浠ユ暟瀛﹀拰璁＄畻鏈轰负涓昏宸ュ叿鐨勩€佸浗姘戠粡娴庡悇棰嗗煙鎵€闇€瑕佺殑搴旂敤鍨嬩汉鎵嶃€?/span>

    杩欓噷鎵€璇寸殑澶氬厓鍖栵紝闄や簡鍖呭惈澶氱绫诲瀷鐨勪汉鎵嶅锛屼篃鍖呭惈鍚屼竴绫诲瀷涓绉嶅眰娆＄殑浜烘墠銆傛垜鍥芥湁涓婂崈鎵€澶у锛屾湁鍑犵櫨涓暟瀛︾郴鎴栧簲鐢ㄦ暟瀛︾郴锛屾儏鍐靛崈宸竾鍒€傛墍浠ワ紝鍚屼竴绫诲瀷鐨勪汉鎵嶏紝涓嶅悓瀛︽牎鐨勫煿鍏荤洰鏍囧彲鑳芥槸涓嶅悓灞傛鐨勩€傚彧瑕佸競鍦烘湁闇€姹傦紝閮藉簲褰撳緱鍒板皧閲嶅拰榧撳姳銆?/span>

 3锛?ldquo;鍘氬熀纭€銆佸鍙ｅ緞”鐨勫煿鍏绘€濊矾娣卞叆浜哄績锛屽悇鏍℃櫘閬嶅姞寮轰簡鍩虹璇炬暀瀛?/span>

    鏂囬潻鍓?span lang="EN-US">“涓撻棬鍖?span lang="EN-US">”鐨勫煿鍏绘€濊矾锛屾瘯涓氱敓鍑鸿矾杩囩獎锛岄檷浣庝簡鍔炲鏁堢泭锛屼篃涓嶅埄浜庡鐢熺殑涓€у彂灞曘€傜幇鍦紝鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟姣曚笟鐢熼渶姹傜殑澶氬厓鍖栵紝寮曡捣浜嗛珮鏍℃暟瀛︿汉鎵嶅煿鍏昏鏍肩殑澶氬厓鍖栵紱鍚屾椂锛屼篃褰㈡垚浜?span lang="EN-US">“鍘氬熀纭€銆佸鍙ｅ緞”鐨勫煿鍏绘€濊矾锛屽畠浣挎瘯涓氱敓鐨勫熀纭€鎵撳緱鏇村姞鎵庡疄锛岄€傚簲闈㈠ぇ澶ф嫇瀹姐€傛暀鑲查儴鍦?span lang="EN-US">1998骞存妸鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟浠?span lang="EN-US">8涓皟鏁翠负2涓紝鍙﹀姞缁熻瀛︿笓涓氥€傝繖灏变负“鍘氬熀纭€銆佸鍙ｅ緞”鐨勫煿鍏绘€濊矾鍒涢€犱簡鏉′欢銆?/span>

    鍦ㄨ繖绉嶆€濊矾鐨勬寚瀵间笅锛屽悇鏍℃櫘閬嶅姞寮轰簡鏁板鍒嗘瀽銆侀珮绛変唬鏁般€佽В鏋愬嚑浣曡繖涓夐棬鍩虹璇剧殑鏁欏銆傛墍璋撳姞寮猴紝骞朵笉鍦ㄤ簬澧炲姞璇炬椂鎴栧姞娣卞唴瀹癸紝鑰屽湪浜庡府鍔╁鐢熸洿濂藉湴鎺屾彙姣忛棬璇剧▼鐨勬牳蹇冨唴瀹癸紝鎶撲綇鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瘑銆佸熀鏈妧鑳界瓑閲嶇偣锛屽姞寮哄鏁板鎬濇兂鏂规硶鐨勭悊瑙ｅ拰搴旂敤銆傝€屽悗缁绋嬬殑瀹夋帓涓庤姹傦紝涓嶅悓瀛︽牎锛岀敋鑷冲悓涓€瀛︽牎涓拡瀵逛笉鍚岀殑瀛︾敓缇や綋锛岄兘琛ㄧ幇鍑烘洿鍔犲鏍风伒娲荤殑鐗瑰緛銆?/span>

 4锛庡己璋冪煡璇嗐€佽兘鍔涖€佺礌璐ㄧ殑缁煎悎鍗忚皟鍙戝睍

    杩戜簺骞存潵锛岀礌璐ㄦ暀鑲茬殑鎬濇兂閫愭笎娣卞叆浜哄績锛屾暀瀛︿笉鍐嶅彧寮鸿皟浼犳巿鐭ヨ瘑锛岃€屾槸娉ㄦ剰瀛︾敓鐭ヨ瘑銆佽兘鍔涖€佺礌璐ㄧ殑缁煎悎鍗忚皟鍙戝睍銆備粠鏁板涓撲笟瀛︾敓鐨勭壒鐐瑰嚭鍙戯紝璇鹃缁勫惛鍙栦竴浜涢珮鏍＄殑鐮旂┒鎴愭灉锛屾€荤粨浜嗕紭绉€鐨勬暟瀛︽湰绉戠敓搴斿叿澶囩殑鍗佺鍩烘湰鐨勬暟瀛﹁兘鍔涘拰浜旂鍩烘湰鐨勬暟瀛︾礌鍏汇€?/span>

    鍗佺鍩烘湰鐨勬暟瀛﹁兘鍔涙槸锛氱被姣旂殑鑳藉姏锛屽垎鏋愮殑鑳藉姏锛屽綊绾崇殑鑳藉姏锛屾娊璞＄殑鑳藉姏锛岃仈鎯崇殑鑳藉姏锛屾紨缁庢帹鐞嗙殑鑳藉姏锛屽噯纭绠楃殑鑳藉姏锛屽涔犳柊鐭ヨ瘑鐨勮兘鍔涳紝杩愮敤鏁板杞欢鐨勮兘鍔涳紝“搴旂敤”鏁板鐨勮兘鍔涖€?/span>

    浜旂鍩烘湰鐨勬暟瀛︾礌鍏绘槸锛氫富鍔ㄦ帰瀵诲苟鍠勪簬鎶撲綇鏁板闂涓殑鑳屾櫙鍜屾湰璐ㄧ殑绱犲吇锛涚啛缁冨湴鐢ㄥ噯纭€佺畝鏄庛€佽鑼冪殑鏁板璇█琛ㄨ揪鑷繁鏁板鎬濇兂鐨勭礌鍏伙紱鍏锋湁鑹ソ鐨勭瀛︽€佸害鍜屽垱鏂扮簿绁烇紝鍚堢悊鍦版彁鍑烘柊鎬濇兂銆佹柊姒傚康銆佹柊鏂规硶鐨勭礌鍏伙紱瀵瑰悇绉嶉棶棰樹互“鏁板鏂瑰紡”鐨勭悊鎬ф€濈淮锛屼粠澶氳搴︽帰瀵昏В鍐抽棶棰樼殑閬撹矾鐨勭礌鍏伙紱鍠勪簬瀵圭幇瀹炰笘鐣屼腑鐨勭幇璞″拰杩囩▼杩涜鍚堢悊鐨勭畝鍖栧拰閲忓寲锛屽缓绔嬫暟瀛︽ā鍨嬬殑绱犲吇銆?/span>

 5锛庡揩閫熷彂灞曚腑鍚勬牎鍔炲姘村钩鍙傚樊涓嶉綈锛屾湁浜涗笓涓氱偣鍔炲璐ㄩ噺鍫咖

    鍦ㄨ繎鍑犲勾鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟蹇€熷彂灞曚腑锛屾湁涓€鎵规敞閲嶈妯″拰璐ㄩ噺鍗忚皟鍙戝睍鐨勫鏍°€傝繖浜涘鏍″線寰€鏈夎緝娣卞帤鐨勫巻鍙茬Н娣€锛屽姙瀛︽按骞宠緝楂橈紝“鏁板涓庡簲鐢ㄦ暟瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”鍜?span lang="EN-US">“淇℃伅涓庤绠楃瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”涓や釜涓撲笟鐨勫笀璧勯兘姣旇緝鍏呰冻锛屽煿鍏昏鍒掓瘮杈冩垚鐔燂紝姣曚笟鐢熷緱鍒扮ぞ浼氱殑骞挎硾娆㈣繋锛屾垚涓烘垜鍥芥暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氬彂灞曠殑榫欏ご銆?/span>

    浣嗘槸锛屼笉鍙拷瑙嗙殑鏄紝鏈変簺瀛︽牎鍦ㄥ笀璧勪笉瓒炽€佸熀鏈暀瀛︽潯浠舵瑺缂恒€佺敋鑷冲涓撲笟涓嶇敋浜嗚В鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屽嵈鐢变簬绉嶇鍘熷洜锛屽姙璧蜂簡“鏁板涓庡簲鐢ㄦ暟瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”鎴?span lang="EN-US">“淇℃伅涓庤绠楃瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”銆傝繖蹇呯劧瀵艰嚧鍔炲姘村钩浣庯紝姣曚笟鐢熷熀鏈川閲忓緱涓嶅埌淇濊瘉銆傜壒鍒槸“淇℃伅涓庤绠楃瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”锛屾湁鐨勫鏍＄敋鑷充笉鐭ラ亾杩欎釜涓撲笟鐨勫唴娑垫槸浠€涔堬紝瑕佸紑浜涗粈涔堣锛屼究浠撲績涓婇┈銆?span lang="EN-US">2003骞村叏鍥?span lang="EN-US">“淇℃伅涓庤绠楃瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”涓撲笟鐐瑰凡杈惧埌366涓紝棣栨瓒呰繃“鏁板涓庡簲鐢ㄦ暟瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”涓撲笟鐐圭殑鏁扮洰锛屽叾涓湁浜涘鏍¤繛涓诲共璇剧▼閮介毦浠ュ紑榻愶紝浣曡皥鏁欏璐ㄩ噺锛熸渶杩戠ぞ浼氫笂宸茬粡鏈変竴绉嶈娉曪紝璁や负杩欎簺瀛︽牎鐨勬瘯涓氱敓“淇℃伅鐞嗚鐭ラ亾鐨勪笉澶氾紝璁＄畻鏈鸿兘鍔涘張涓嶅己”銆傛暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氬彂灞曚腑鐨勮繖涓€闂锛屽簲寮曡捣鎴戜滑鐨勪弗閲嶆敞鎰忋€?/span>

    浠庢牴鏈笂璇达紝杩戜簺骞存暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氱殑蹇€熷彂灞曚腑锛屽瑙勬ā銆佺粨鏋勩€佹晥鐩娿€佽川閲忕殑鍏崇郴浼间箮閲嶈涓嶅銆傚彂灞曠殑鎬昏妯″澶т负瀹滐紵涓や釜涓撲笟缁存寔鎬庢牱鐨勭粨鏋勬瘮渚嬫瘮杈冨悎鐞嗭紵濡備綍浣垮姙瀛﹁妯′笌鍔炲鏁堢泭鍚屾澧為暱锛熷煿鍏荤殑瀛︾敓鏄惁杈惧埌璐ㄩ噺鐨勫熀鏈姹傦紵杩欎簺鍏抽敭闂娌℃湁鍔犱互鐗瑰埆鍏虫敞鍜岀爺绌躲€傝棰樼粍璁や负锛岃繎浜涘勾鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟鐨勫揩閫熷彂灞曟湁涓€瀹氱殑鐩茬洰鎬э紝鏈変簺涓撲笟鐐圭殑鍔炲璐ㄩ噺鍫咖銆?/span>

鍥涖€佹暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氫粖鍚庝簲骞村乏鍙崇殑绀句細闇€姹傞娴?/span>

 1锛庨珮绉戞妧鏃朵唬瀵规暟瀛︿汉鎵嶇殑闇€姹傜浉褰撴椇鐩?/span>

    楂樼鎶€鏃朵唬鍏呮弧鐫€婵€鐑堢殑绔炰簤锛屼絾褰掓牴鍒板簳鏄汉鎵嶇殑绔炰簤銆傜敱浜庡悇绉嶇瀛︽妧鏈殑鏍稿績寰€寰€鏄暟瀛︼紝浜ゅ弶瀛︾鐨勬牳蹇冧篃寰€寰€鏄暟瀛︼紝鎵€浠ヤ汉鎵嶇珵浜変腑涓€涓噸瑕佺幆鑺傛槸鍩瑰吇涓€澶ф壒鏈夎緝瀹借閲庡拰杈冨己鍒涙柊鑳藉姏鐨勬暟瀛︿汉鎵嶃€?/span>

    杩戝嚑鍗佸勾鏉ワ紝鏃犺鏄湪鍥藉杩樻槸鍦ㄥ浗鍐咃紝鎴戜滑閮藉彲浠ョ湅瑙佷竴绉嶆湁瓒ｇ殑鐜拌薄锛氫竴鎵瑰師鏉ヤ粠浜嬫暟瀛︾爺绌剁殑浜鸿浆韬姇鍚戝叾浠栫爺绌堕鍩熸垨鎶€鏈紑鍙戦鍩燂紝鐗瑰埆鏄俊鎭妧鏈€侀噾铻嶅拰缁忔祹锛屼互鍙婂悇绉嶅伐绋嬭绠楅鍩燂紝骞跺湪杩欎簺棰嗗煙涓彇寰椾簡閲嶅ぇ鎴愬氨锛岀敋鑷虫垚涓哄叾涓殑棰嗚浜虹墿銆傝繖绉嶇幇璞′笉浠呭湪鍙戣揪鍥藉灞¤涓嶉矞锛屽湪鎴戝浗涔熸湁寰堝銆備緥濡傦紝鎴戝浗璁＄畻鏈洪鍩熸垨淇℃伅鎶€鏈鍩熺殑璁稿浠ｈ〃浜虹墿鍘熷厛閮芥槸鏁板涓撲笟鐨勬瘯涓氱敓銆傛垜浠皟鏌ヤ簡鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟姣曚笟鐢熺殑灏变笟鎯呭喌锛屽彂鐜板叾涓緢澶ф瘮渚嬬殑瀛︾敓姣曚笟鍚庡苟涓嶆槸浠庝簨鏁板宸ヤ綔锛岃€屾槸杩涘叆浜嗗叾浠栭鍩熴€傚湪涓€浜涘彂杈惧浗瀹朵腑锛岃绠楁満涓庝俊鎭妧鏈笟锛岄噾铻嶄笌淇濋櫓涓氾紝鍐涘伐涔冭嚦瀹夊叏閮ㄩ棬绛夌瓑锛屾槸鍚哥撼澶ф壒鏁板鍗氬＋鎴栫澹殑涓昏琛屼笟銆傚鏋滆20涓栫邯80骞翠唬鎴戝浗鐨勪汉鎵嶅競鍦哄鏁板浜烘墠鐨勯噸瑕佹€ц繕璁よ瘑涓嶈冻鐨勮瘽锛岄偅涔堬紝鍒颁簡20涓栫邯90骞翠唬鍚庢湡杩欑鐘跺喌宸茬粡鍙戠敓浜嗘牴鏈€х殑鍙樺寲銆備粖鍚庝簲骞寸殑浜烘墠甯傚満锛屽皢缁х画鏈濇暟瀛︿汉鎵嶉渶姹傛椇鐩涚殑鏂瑰悜鍙戝睍銆?/span>

    楂樼鎶€浜烘墠甯傚満鍑虹幇闈掔潗鏁板浜烘墠鐨勭幇璞′笉鏄伓鐒剁殑锛屼篃涓嶆槸鏆傛椂鐨勶紝鑰屾槸楂樼鎶€鍙戝睍鐨勫繀鐒堕渶瑕併€傚叾涓殑鍘熷洜锛屼笉浠呮槸鍥犱负鏁板浜烘墠鍦ㄩ€昏緫鎺ㄧ悊銆佹娊璞℃€濈淮鍜屽垱鏂拌兘鍔涗笂鏈夎緝澶х殑浼樺娍锛屾洿閲嶈鐨勬槸鍦ㄨ澶氶鍩熺殑鐮旂┒鎴栧紑鍙戜腑闇€瑕佽秺鏉ヨ秺澶氱殑涓撻棬鏁板鐭ヨ瘑锛岃€岃繖浜涢鍩熷師鍏堢殑宸ヤ綔鑰呭嵈寰€寰€缂轰箯瓒冲鐨勬暟瀛︽牴搴曚笌璁粌锛屼簬鏄紝鏁板浜烘墠鐨勫弬涓庡氨鎴愪负蹇呯劧銆傜敱浜庢暟瀛﹀绉戠殑鐗圭偣锛屽挨鍏舵槸瀹冪殑姒傚康鐨勬娊璞℃€у拰鐭ヨ瘑鐨勮繛璐€э紝涓轰簡鎺屾彙涓撻棬鐨勬暟瀛︾煡璇嗭紝寰€寰€瑕佷粠骞磋交鏃跺紑濮嬶紝骞朵笖闇€瑕佽緝闀挎椂鏃ャ€備竴鑸鏉ワ紝杩欏氨浣垮緱鍏朵粬棰嗗煙鐨勪汉鍛橀毦浜庡湪杈冪煭鏃堕棿鍐呮帉鎻″伐浣滀腑蹇呴』鐨勪笓闂ㄦ暟瀛︾煡璇嗭紝涔熶娇浠栦滑瀵硅嚜宸变笉鐔熸倝鐨勬暟瀛︾鍙峰拰鐞嗚鏈涜€岀敓鐣忋€傜浉瀵硅€岃█锛屽叿鏈変笓闂ㄦ暟瀛﹁缁冪殑浜哄幓瀛︿範鍙﹀鏌愪釜棰嗗煙鐨勫熀鏈煡璇嗗苟杈惧埌涓庤棰嗗煙宸ヤ綔鑰呮矡閫氱殑绋嬪害锛屼竴鑸鏉ュ苟涓嶅崄鍒嗗洶闅俱€?/span>

 2锛庝粖鍚庝簲骞寸ぞ浼氶渶姹傜殑浜旂被鏁板浜烘墠鐨勯娴?/span>

    璇鹃缁勬妸绀句細闇€姹傜殑鏁板浜烘墠鍒嗕负涓撹亴鏁板鐮旂┒浜哄憳銆佷氦鍙夊绉戠爺绌朵汉鍛樸€侀珮绛夋暀鑲叉暟瀛︽暀甯堛€佸簲鐢ㄥ瀷鏁板浜烘墠銆佸熀纭€鏁欒偛鏁板鏁欏笀浜旂被锛屽苟鏍规嵁鎴戝浗鐜扮姸銆佺ぞ浼氬彂灞曠殑闇€瑕佸拰甯傚満鐨勯渶瑕侊紝缁欏嚭鍚勭被浜烘墠闇€姹傜殑澶ц嚧棰勬祴銆傛牴鎹繖绉嶉娴嬶紝浠婂悗浜斿勾鍜屼簲骞翠互鍚庯紝绀句細闇€姹傜殑鏁板浜烘墠锛屽眰娆″ぇ澶氬湪纭曞＋浠ヤ笂锛涘啀鍔犱笂鐮旂┒鐢熸墿鎷涳紝鎵€浠ヤ粖鍚庝簲骞达紝鏀昏鐮旂┒鐢熷皢鏄暟瀛︽湰绉戞瘯涓氱敓鐨勪竴涓噸瑕佸幓鍚戙€備及璁″氨璇荤爺绌剁敓鐨勪汉鏁帮紝閲嶇偣澶у浼氳揪鍒版湰绉戞瘯涓氱敓鎬绘暟鐨?span lang="EN-US">30%浠ヤ笂锛屾櫘閫氶珮鏍′細杈惧埌15%宸﹀彸銆?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">1锛?涓撹亴鏁板鐮旂┒浜哄憳

    瀹冨寘鎷悊璁烘暟瀛︾殑鐮旂┒浜哄憳鍜屽簲鐢ㄦ暟瀛︾殑鐮旂┒浜哄憳銆傞珮姘村钩鐨勭悊璁烘暟瀛︾爺绌朵汉鎵嶆槸鎴戝浗鍩虹鏁板鍙戝睍鐨勪繚闅滐紝鏄妸鎴戝浗寤烘垚鏁板寮哄浗鐨勯渶瑕併€傚畠鐨勯渶姹傜壒鐐规槸楂樺眰娆★紝灏戣€岀簿銆傝繖绫讳汉鎵嶇殑鏉ユ簮涓昏鏄珮姘村钩澶у涓殑鍗氬＋鍙婂崥澹悗銆傜敱浜庨渶姹傜殑鐗圭偣鏄珮灞傛锛屽皯鑰岀簿锛屾墍浠ョぞ浼氬杩欑被浜烘墠鐨勫叧娉紝涓昏鐨勪笉鏄暟閲忥紝鑰屾槸璐ㄩ噺銆?/span>

    搴旂敤鏁板鐨勭爺绌朵汉鍛橈紝涔熼渶瑕佹墡瀹炵殑鏁板鐞嗚鍔熷簳锛屽苟涓旈渶瑕佹湁杈冨鐨勭煡璇嗛潰鍜岃緝寮虹殑閫傚簲鑳藉姏銆傜敱浜庢暟瀛︾殑搴旂敤鏄鏂归潰鐨勶紝鎵€浠ヨ繖绫讳汉鎵嶇殑闇€姹傛暟閲忎細杩滆繙澶氫簬鐞嗚鏁板鐨勭爺绌朵汉鎵嶃€傝繖绫讳汉鎵嶇殑鏉ユ簮锛屼篃涓昏鏄珮姘村钩澶у鐨勫崥澹拰鍗氬＋鍚庛€?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">2锛変氦鍙夊绉戝拰鍏朵粬鐩稿叧瀛︾鐨勭爺绌朵汉鍛?/span>

    濡傚墠鎵€杩帮紝鐩稿綋涓€鎵规暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氱殑姣曚笟鐢燂紝浼氳浆韬姇鍚戜氦鍙夊绉戞垨鍏朵粬鐮旂┒棰嗗煙銆傝繖浜涚爺绌堕鍩熺殑鏍稿績鎴栧叧閿槸鏁板锛屽洜姝わ紝鏈夎緝寮烘暟瀛﹀姛搴曠殑浜烘墠鍦ㄥ叾涓細澶ф湁鐢ㄦ涔嬪湴銆傞櫎閲戣瀺鏁板銆佺敓鐗╂暟瀛︺€佺粡娴庢暟瀛︺€佺簿绠椾繚闄╃瓑鍘嗗彶杈冮暱鐨勪氦鍙夊绉戝锛屼竴浜涙柊鍏寸殑浜ゅ弶瀛︾濡傜敓鐗╀俊鎭€侀噾铻嶅伐绋嬨€佷俊鎭畨鍏ㄣ€佽绠楁満瑙嗚銆佷俊鎭鐞嗐€佽蒋浠跺伐绋嬨€佹暟鐞嗚瑷€瀛︺€佽绠楀寲瀛︺€佽绠楁潗鏂欏绛夛紝涔熼渶瑕佷竴鎵规暟瀛︿汉鎵嶃€傝繖绫讳汉鎵嶇殑闇€姹傛暟閲忚緝澶э紝骞朵笖浼氶€愬勾澧炲姞銆傚畠鐨勬潵婧愶紝涓€閮ㄥ垎鏄暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氱殑鏈姣曚笟鐢燂紝鏇村鐨勬槸鏁板鍙婄浉鍏虫柟鍚戠殑纭曞＋鍜屽崥澹瘯涓氱敓銆?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">3锛夐珮绛夋暀鑲茬殑鏁板鏁欏笀

    瀹冨寘鎷暟瀛﹀绉戜袱涓笓涓氱殑鏁欏笀鍜岄潪鏁板绫讳笓涓氱殑鏁板鏁欏笀锛堝嵆鏁板鍏叡璇炬暀甯堬級銆傝繖绫讳汉鎵嶇洰鍓嶇己鍙ｈ緝澶э紝浣嗕簲骞翠互鍚庡簲閫愭瓒嬩簬鍔ㄦ€佸钩琛＄姸鎬侊紱鍙槸鍥犻珮鏍℃墿鎷涚殑缁х画锛屽叕鍏辫鐨勬暟瀛︽暀甯堜粛鍙兘浼氱户缁揣缂恒€?/span>

    鐜板湪鐨勯噸鐐归櫌鏍¤ˉ鍏呮暟瀛︽暀甯堬紝閮借姹傚叿鏈夊崥澹互涓婏紱闈為噸鐐归櫌鏍¤ˉ鍏呮暟瀛︽暀甯堬紝鑷冲皯涔熻姹傜澹互涓娿€傛墍浠ヤ粖鍚庝簲骞磋繖涓€鏂归潰瀵规暟瀛﹀崥澹拰纭曞＋鐨勯渶姹傦紝涔熶細鏄浉褰撳ぇ鐨勩€?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">4锛変互鏁板鍜岃绠楁満涓轰富瑕佸伐鍏风殑銆佸浗姘戠粡娴庡悇棰嗗煙鎵€闇€瑕佺殑搴旂敤鍨嬩汉鎵?/span>

    杩欑被浜烘墠鐨勯渶姹傛暟閲忔槸寰堝ぇ鐨勶紝濡傜簿绠楀笀銆佺粡娴庡笀銆佽蒋浠惰璁″笀銆佺粺璁″笀銆佸伐绋嬭绠椾笓瀹躲€佺綉缁滃畨鍏ㄤ笓瀹躲€佸浗闃茬鎶€涓撳锛岀瓑绛夛紝闇€姹傚眰娆′富瑕佹槸纭曞＋銆佸崥澹敓锛屽悓鏃朵篃闇€瑕佷竴瀹氭暟閲忕殑鏈鐢熴€備粖鍚庝簲骞达紝杩欎竴绫绘暟瀛︿汉鎵嶇殑闇€姹備及璁″皢鍗犳€婚渶姹傜殑涓€鍗婂乏鍙筹紝浜斿勾浠ュ悗锛屽皢鍗犳€婚渶姹傜殑涓€鍗婁互涓娿€傜敱浜庣ぞ浼氬杩欑被浜烘墠鐨勯渶姹傛槸澶氱澶氭牱鐨勩€佸彉鍖栬繀閫熺殑锛屾墍浠ワ紝“鍘氬熀纭€锛屽鍙ｅ緞”鐨勫煿鍏绘€濊矾灏嗕細鏇村ソ鍦版弧瓒崇ぞ浼氶渶姹傘€?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">5锛夊熀纭€鏁欒偛鍜屼腑绛夎亴涓氭暀鑲茬殑鏁板鏁欏笀

    鐩墠锛岃繖涓€绫绘暟瀛︿汉鎵嶇殑闇€姹傜己鍙ｄ篃寰堝ぇ銆備粖鍚庝簲骞达紝瀹冨皢鏄惛绾抽珮鏍℃暟瀛︽瘯涓氱敓鐨勪竴涓噸瑕佹笭閬擄紝灞傛鏄湰绉戝拰纭曞＋锛涗絾浜斿勾浠ュ悗鍥犺ˉ鍏呭凡鍒颁綅鍙婁腑瀛︾敓鐢熸簮鐨勫噺灏戯紝杩欑被浜烘墠鐨勯渶姹備細閫愭瓒嬩簬鍔ㄦ€佸钩琛＄姸鎬併€?/span>

浜斻€佹暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氫粖鍚庝簲骞存暀瀛︽敼闈╃爺绌剁殑璇鹃寤鸿

    鏍规嵁璇鹃缁勫彂鏀剧殑鏁板瀛︾涓や釜涓撲笟“鎯呭喌璋冩煡琛?span lang="EN-US">”鐨勫弽棣堜俊鎭紝浠ヤ笅鏁欐敼璇鹃鏈夊崐鏁颁互涓婂鏍¤涓烘槸“閲嶈鐨?span lang="EN-US">”銆傛垜浠爺璁ㄥ悗锛屽缓璁暀鑲查儴缁勭粐鍏充簬鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟鐨勪互涓嬫暀瀛︽敼闈╃爺绌惰棰樸€?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">1锛?span lang="EN-US">“鏁板涓庡簲鐢ㄦ暟瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”濡備綍鍔犲己鍩虹锛屽鍏冨寲鍦板煿鍏诲鐢熺殑鐮旂┒銆?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">2锛?闈為噸鐐归櫌鏍′腑鐨?span lang="EN-US">“淇℃伅涓庤绠楃瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”濡備綍鍔犲揩寤鸿锛屽姙鍑虹壒鑹诧紝杈惧埌銆婁笓涓氳鑼冦€嬭姹傜殑鐮旂┒銆?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">3锛夋暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氱殑鏁欐敼涓浣曚綋鐜版暟瀛﹀绉戠殑鐗圭偣銆?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">4锛夊叧浜庢暟瀛︽暀鑲蹭笌鏂板叴浜ゅ弶瀛︾鍙戝睍鐨勫叧绯讳箣鐮旂┒銆?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">5锛夋暟瀛﹀绉戜袱涓笓涓氱殑鏁欏涓紝鐭ヨ瘑銆佽兘鍔涖€佺礌璐ㄤ笁鑰呭叧绯荤殑鐮旂┒銆?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">6锛夋暟瀛﹀缓妯＄殑鎬濇兂濡備綍铻嶅叆涓诲共璇剧▼鐨勭爺绌躲€?/span>

    姝ゅ锛屼笅闈㈢殑鐮旂┒璇鹃鏄?span lang="EN-US">“鏁板涓庡簲鐢ㄦ暟瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”鍜?span lang="EN-US">“淇℃伅涓庤绠楃瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”鍏卞悓鐨勶細

锛?span lang="EN-US">1锛夊ぇ瀛︽墿鎷涘悗瀵规湰涓撲笟鏁欏鐩爣鍜屾暀瀛﹁川閲忕殑鍒嗗眰娆″畾浣嶇爺绌躲€?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">2锛夊涓嶅悓绫诲瀷楂樻牎鏈笓涓氱殑璇剧▼璁剧疆鍜屾暀瀛﹀唴瀹瑰浗鍐呭鎯呭喌鐨勬瘮杈冪爺绌躲€?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">3锛夋湰涓撲笟鐨?span lang="EN-US">“涓撲笟璇勪及浣撶郴”鐨勭爺绌躲€?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">4锛夋湰涓撲笟璁剧珛鏂板閫変慨璇剧殑鐮旂┒銆?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">5锛夋湰涓撲笟鏁欏涓簲鐫€閲嶅煿鍏诲鐢熺殑鍝簺鏁板鑳藉姏鍜屾暟瀛︾礌璐ㄣ€?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">6锛夋湰涓撲笟鏁欏涓浣曞煿鍏诲鐢熺殑鍒涙柊鎰忚瘑鍜屽垱鏂拌兘鍔涖€?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">7锛夋湰涓撲笟鏁欒偛涓殑瀹炶返鏁欏搴旇濡備綍寮€灞曘€?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">8锛?span lang="EN-US">“鏁板寤烘ā”鍜?span lang="EN-US">“鏁板瀹為獙”璇剧▼鍦ㄦ湰涓撲笟鏁欒偛涓殑鍦颁綅鍜屼綔鐢ㄣ€?/span>

锛?span lang="EN-US">9锛夎绠楁満绫昏绋嬪湪鏈笓涓氭暀鑲蹭腑鐨勫湴浣嶅拰浣滅敤銆?/span>

鍏€?鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟浠婂悗浜斿勾宸﹀彸鐨勫彂灞曟€濊矾鍜屾斂绛栧缓璁?/span>

    涓轰簡閫傚簲鍥藉鐨勫彂灞曘€佺ぞ浼氱殑杩涙锛屾暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氶渶瑕佸煿鍏诲ぇ鎵瑰熀纭€鍘氥€佸彛寰勫銆佽兘鍔涘己銆佺礌璐ㄩ珮鐨勬暟瀛﹀強涓庢暟瀛︾浉鍏抽鍩熺殑浜烘墠銆傛牴鎹笂杩扮爺绌跺拰鍒嗘瀽锛岃棰樼粍寤鸿锛屾暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氫粖鍚庝簲骞村乏鍙崇殑鎬讳綋鍩瑰吇鍜屽彂灞曟€濊矾鏄細鍔犲己鍩虹锛屾敞閲嶈兘鍔涳紱鎷撳鍙ｅ緞锛岄噸瑙嗗簲鐢紱绐佸嚭鐗硅壊锛屽垎娴佸煿鍏汇€傚叿浣撶殑鏀跨瓥寤鸿鏈変互涓嬪嚑鐐广€?/span>

 1锛庢暟瀛︽暀鑲叉暀瀛︽敼闈╁簲绉瀬銆佺ǔ濡ュ湴杩涜锛屽苟娉ㄩ噸璇曠偣

    鏁欒偛鏁欏鏀归潻鏄案鎭掔殑涓婚锛屾暟瀛︾殑鏁欒偛鏁欏鏀归潻涔熸槸姘告亽鐨勪富棰樸€備絾鏄紝鍘嗗彶鐨勭粡楠屽€煎緱娉ㄦ剰锛屽ぇ杞伴殕鍜屾€ュ姛杩戝埄鏄笉琛岀殑锛屽ぇ姝ヨ蛋涓嶅灏忔蹇蛋銆傛暀鑲叉槸闀跨嚎宸ョ▼锛屾暀鑲茬殑鏁堟灉瑕佸緢澶氬勾鍚庢墠鏄剧幇鍑烘潵锛屾暀瀛︽敼闈╃殑鍒╁紛涔熻寰堝骞村悗鎵嶆樉鐜板嚭鏉ャ€傛墍浠ワ紝鏁欒偛鏁欏鏀归潻鐨勭爺绌朵富棰樺簲鍦ㄨ緝闀跨殑瀹炶返涓浉瀵圭ǔ瀹氾紝鏁欏鏀归潻鐨勬垚鏋滆鏈変竴娈靛疄璺电殑鏃堕棿鏉ユ楠屻€傛暀鏀逛富棰樺彉鍔ㄧ殑棰戝害涓嶅疁澶ぇ锛屾洿涓嶈兘姣忚繃鍑犲勾灏卞嚭涓€涓柊“鎷?span lang="EN-US">”銆傛楠屾暀鏀规垚鏋滅殑鍞竴鏍囧噯鏄疄璺碉紝鏄暀瀛︽晥鏋滅殑鎻愰珮銆傛€讳箣锛屾暟瀛︾殑鏁欒偛鏁欏鏀归潻鏃㈠簲绉瀬鍦拌繘琛岋紝鍙堝簲绋冲Ε鍦拌繘琛岋紱骞朵笖瑕佹敞閲嶈瘯鐐癸紝鍙栧緱缁忛獙鍚庡啀鎺ㄥ箍銆?/span>

 2锛庢暟瀛︽暀鑲叉暀瀛︽敼闈╃殑鐮旂┒鎴愭灉瑕佹敞鎰忓悜瀹炶返杞寲

    杩戝崄骞存潵锛屾暟瀛︽暀鑲茬晫闆嗕腑浼樺娍鍏靛姏锛岃繘琛屼簡澶ч噺鐨勬暀鑲叉暀瀛︽敼闈╃殑鐮旂┒锛屾爣蹇楁€ф垚鏋滄槸鍒嗗埆浠ュ浼┕鍏堢敓銆佽惂鏍戦搧鍏堢敓銆侀┈鐭ユ仼鍏堢敓涓洪」鐩€昏礋璐ｄ汉鐨勪笁鏈€婄爺绌舵姤鍛娿€嬶紙涔熺О“鐧界毊涔?span lang="EN-US">”锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ鍑虹増锛夈€傝繖鏄繎骞存潵鏁板鏁欒偛鏁欏鏀归潻鎴愭灉鐨勭粨鏅躲€備絾鏄紝鍏ㄥ浗鍚勯櫌鏍℃暟瀛︾郴鐨勯瀵煎拰鏁欏笀鍗村緢灏戞湁浜虹湅杩囪繖浜涖€婄爺绌舵姤鍛娿€嬶紝鏇翠笉鐢ㄨ浠樿瀹炶返浜嗐€傝繖绉嶅皯鏁颁汉鍦ㄧ爺绌躲€佹垚鏋滈毦浠ヨ浆鍖栦负骞垮ぇ鏁欏笀鐨勫疄璺电殑鐘跺喌锛屼笉鑳藉啀缁х画涓嬪幓浜嗐€傛暀鏀圭殑涓诲姏鏄竴绾挎暀甯堬紝搴旈噸瑙嗕粬浠殑鎰忚锛岄噸瑙嗕粬浠殑瀹炶返銆傚缓璁暀鑲查儴涓嶄粎娉ㄦ剰鎶撳畯瑙傜殑绠＄悊锛屼笉浠呮敞鎰忔姄鏁欐敼椤圭洰鐨勭珛椤瑰拰楠屾敹锛屼篃娉ㄦ剰鎶撳井瑙傜殑鎸囧锛屾敞鎰忔姄鏁欐敼椤圭洰鐮旂┒鎴愭灉鐨勮惤瀹炪€?/span>

 3锛庤皟鏁存暟瀛﹀绉戜袱涓笓涓氱殑鎬讳綋瑙勬ā鍜岀粨鏋勬瘮渚?/span>

    鏈€杩戝嚑骞达紝“淇℃伅涓庤绠楃瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”鍙戝睍杩囧揩锛岃妯¤繃澶э紝閫犳垚鏁板瀛︾涓や釜涓撲笟缁撴瀯姣斾緥澶辫皟锛屽簲璇ュ紩璧锋暀鑲查儴鐨勬敞鎰忋€傚湪浠婂悗浜斿勾涓紝鏁板瀛︾涓や釜涓撲笟鐨勬€讳綋瑙勬ā搴斿畯瑙傝皟鎺э紝鐗瑰埆鏄?span lang="EN-US">“淇℃伅涓庤绠楃瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”鐨勪笓涓氱偣涓嶈兘鍐嶅鍔犱簡銆?span lang="EN-US">“鏁板涓庡簲鐢ㄦ暟瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”鍔炲鍘嗗彶闀匡紝鍩虹濂斤紝瑕嗙洊闈㈠箍锛屾瘯涓氱敓鍑鸿矾瀹斤紝绀句細闇€姹傞噺杈冨ぇ锛屾墍浠ヤ笓涓氱偣鍜屾嫑鐢熶汉鏁伴兘搴旂浉瀵硅緝澶氥€備袱涓笓涓氭瘯涓氱敓鐨勫叿浣撻渶姹傞噺灏嗙敱甯傚満鏉ヨ皟鑺傦紝涓嶅悓鐨勬椂鏈熶細鏈夋墍涓嶅悓銆傚缓璁暀鑲查儴姣忓勾鏀堕泦鍏ㄥ浗鍚勯珮鏍¤繖涓や釜鏁板瀛︾涓撲笟姣曚笟鐢熷幓鍚戠殑鍒嗙被缁熻锛屽畠瀵逛簬杩欎袱涓笓涓氭嫑鐢熶汉鏁扮粨鏋勬瘮渚嬬殑璋冩暣灏嗚捣鎸囧浣滅敤銆?/span>

 4. 鎸佷箣浠ユ亽鍦板紑灞曟暟瀛﹀绉戜袱涓笓涓氳绋嬩綋绯诲拰鏁欏鍐呭鏀归潻鐨勭爺绌?/span>

    鏁板浜烘墠鍩瑰吇鐨勪富瑕佸舰寮忔槸璇惧爞鏁欏銆傝绋嬩綋绯诲拰鏁欏鍐呭鐨勬敼闈╋紝鏄暟瀛︽暀瀛︽敼闈╃殑鏍稿績鍜岄噸鐐癸紝涔熸槸鏁欒偛瑙傚康銆佺礌璐ㄦ暀鑲层€佷汉鎵嶅煿鍏绘ā寮忕瓑瀹忚鐮旂┒鐨勮惤鑴氱偣銆?span lang="EN-US">20涓栫邯90骞翠唬鏈紝鏁欒偛閮ㄩ噸鐐圭粍缁囦簡“闈㈠悜21涓栫邯璇剧▼浣撶郴鍜屾暀瀛﹀唴瀹圭殑鏀归潻”锛屽苟宸插垵瑙佹垚鏁堛€備絾杩欎竴璇鹃鐮旂┒杩樿繙鏈粨鏉燂紝宸插彇寰楃殑涓€浜涙垚鏋滈殢鐫€绀句細鐨勫彂灞曘€佽蹇电殑鏇存柊锛屼篃浼氫笉鏂湴鍙戝睍鍜屾洿鏂帮紝涓嶈兘鍋滅暀鍦ㄤ竴涓按骞充笂銆傛墍浠ワ紝璇剧▼浣撶郴鍜屾暀瀛﹀唴瀹圭殑鏀归潻锛岃鎸佷箣浠ユ亽鍦拌繘琛屼笅鍘伙紝涓嶈兘鐢ㄦ暀瀛﹀舰寮忋€佹暀瀛︽柟娉曘€佹暀瀛︽墜娈电殑鏁欐敼璇鹃鍐叉贰杩欎竴鏇村姞鏍稿績鐨勮棰樸€?/span>

    璇剧▼浣撶郴鍜屾暀瀛﹀唴瀹圭殑鏀归潻锛岃鏈夊叏灞€鐨勮鐐瑰拰鎴樼暐鐨勭溂鍏夈€傚氨“鏁板涓庡簲鐢ㄦ暟瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”鑰岃█锛屽垎鏋愮被璇剧▼杈冮噸锛屽嚑浣曘€佷唬鏁扮被璇剧▼鍋忚交锛屾槸闀挎湡瀛樺湪鐨勪竴涓棶棰橈紱杩戝嚑骞磋交瑙嗗嚑浣曟暀瀛︾殑鍊惧悜鎰堝姞绐佸嚭銆傝棰樼粍璁や负锛屽簲娉ㄦ剰澧炲姞鍑犱綍銆佷唬鏁扮被璇剧▼锛屼娇鍒嗘瀽銆佷唬鏁般€佸嚑浣曘€侀殢鏈哄洓涓柟闈㈢殑鏁欏鍗忚皟鍙戝睍銆傚氨“淇℃伅涓庤绠楃瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”鑰岃█锛岃绋嬩綋绯讳笌鏁欏鍐呭閮借繕涓嶅鎴愮啛锛屾洿搴斿湪瀹炶返鏂扮殑“涓撲笟瑙勮寖”涓户缁帰绱€佽皟鏁淬€佸厖瀹炪€佸畬鍠勩€?/span>

 5锛庡ぇ鍔涚粍缁囨暟瀛﹀绉戜袱涓笓涓氱殑甯堣祫鍩硅

    鎵╂嫑鍜岃繎鍑犲勾璁稿楂樻牎鏂板姙鏁板绫讳笓涓氾紝閫犳垚澶ф壒瀛︽牎鐨勫笀璧勫姏閲忎笉瓒筹紝甯堣祫姘村钩杩囦綆銆傚嚑浣曘€佷唬鏁扮被璇剧▼鏁欏笀鐨勭己鍙ｇ浉瀵规洿澶с€備竴浜涙柊鍔?span lang="EN-US">“淇℃伅涓庤绠楃瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”鐨勫鏍★紝杩垏甯屾湜涓婄骇鏈夊叧閮ㄩ棬缁勭粐涓昏璇剧▼鐨勬暀甯堝煿璁€傝タ閮ㄥ湴鍖哄拰杈冨皬瀛︽牎鐨?span lang="EN-US">“鏁板涓庡簲鐢ㄦ暟瀛︿笓涓?span lang="EN-US">”涔熸湁绫讳技鐨勮姹傘€傚湪鏈潵鏂扮殑“涓撲笟鏁欏瑙勮寖”鍏竷浠ュ悗锛岃繖绉嶈姹備竴瀹氫細鏇村姞鏅亶鍜屽己鐑堛€傛垜浠涓猴紝鍦ㄤ粖鍚庝簲骞翠腑锛屽簲鐢辨暀鑲查儴楂樻暀鍙哥悊宸ュ鐗靛ご锛屽€熷姪鑷劧绉戝鍩洪噾濮旂殑鍔涢噺锛岄泦涓粍缁囨暟瀛﹀绉戜袱涓笓涓氱殑鏁欏笀鍩硅锛屾垨濮旀墭涓€浜涙湁鏉′欢鐨勯噸鐐归櫌鏍″紑灞曟椤瑰伐浣溿€?/span>

 6锛庢敞鎰忓姞寮烘暟瀛︽暀瀛︿腑鐨?ldquo;搴旂敤”鍐呭鍜屽疄璺电幆鑺?/span>

    鏁板浜烘墠鐨勫鍏冨寲闇€姹傦紝淇冧娇鎴戜滑褰㈡垚浜?span lang="EN-US">“鍘氬熀纭€锛屽鍙ｅ緞”鐨勫煿鍏绘€濊矾銆傛寜鐓ц繖涓€鎬濊矾锛屽悇鏍″簲鍔犲己“鏁板寤烘ā”銆?span lang="EN-US">“鏁板瀹為獙”璇剧▼鐨勬暀瀛︼紝寮鸿皟绉戝璁＄畻銆佺粺璁″疄楠屻€佺ぞ浼氳皟鏌ョ瓑瀹炶返鎬х幆鑺傦紱鍗充娇鏄煿鍏诲熀纭€鐞嗚鐮旂┒浜烘墠锛屼篃蹇呴』閿荤偧鐞嗚鑱旂郴瀹為檯鐨勫簲鐢ㄨ兘鍔涳紝鎵嶈兘閫傚簲褰撲唬绉戝鎶€鏈患鍚堝彂灞曠殑瑕佹眰銆傚湪鍚勯棬鏁板璇剧▼鐨勬暀瀛︿腑锛屾暀甯堥兘搴旀湁鎰忚瘑鍦板煿鍏诲鐢熷“搴旂敤”鐨勬劅鎯咃紝浠ュ強澶勭悊瀹為檯闂鐨勫簲鍙樿兘鍔涖€傛暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氱殑棰嗗鍜屾暀甯堬紝搴旀彁鍊℃妸鏁板寤烘ā鐨勬€濇兂绮剧铻嶅叆涓诲共璇剧▼鐨勬暀瀛︿腑鍘伙紝鑰屼笉搴斾粎浠呭叧娉ㄩ拡瀵规暟瀛﹀缓妯＄珵璧涚殑鍩硅鍜屽緱濂栥€傚ぇ涓撻櫌鏍＄壒鍒槸甯堣寖闄㈡牎搴旇鏇村姞鍏冲績鍩虹鏁欒偛鏀归潻涓暟瀛﹁绋嬫敼闈╃殑瀹炶返銆傛€讳箣锛屾敞鎰忓姞寮烘暟瀛︽暀瀛︿腑鐨?span lang="EN-US">“搴旂敤”鍐呭鍜屽疄璺电幆鑺傦紝鏄崄鍒嗗繀瑕佺殑銆?/span>

 7锛庨紦鍔辨暟瀛︽暀鑲叉暀瀛︿腑鐨勭櫨鑺遍綈鏀撅紝淇冭繘褰㈡垚鐢熷姩娲绘臣鐨勫眬闈?/span>

    鎴戝浗鐩墠绾︽湁杩?span lang="EN-US">700涓珮鏍℃暟瀛﹀绉戜笓涓氱偣锛屽畠浠被鍨嬩笉鍚岋紝鎵€鍦ㄥ湴鍩熶笉鍚岋紝瀛︽牎鍘嗗彶涓嶅悓锛屽姙瀛﹁妯′笉鍚岋紝鎷涙敹鐢熸簮涓嶅悓锛屽煿鍏荤洰鏍囦笉鍚岋紝姣曚笟鐢熷幓鍚戜笉鍚岋紝鏀归潻涓潰涓寸殑闂涔熶笉鍚屻€傚洜姝わ紝鏁板鏁欒偛鏁欏鏀归潻涓嶅繀瑕佷篃涓嶅彲鑳借瀹氱粺涓€鐨勬ā寮忥紝鍊掑簲璇ヨ嚜瑙夊湴鍩硅偛澶氭牱鎬э紝鎻愬€″彂灞曞悇鑷殑鐗硅壊锛岄紦鍔辨敼闈╀腑鐨勯鍒涚簿绁炪€備笉鍚岀殑鏁欏鏀归潻鎬濊矾銆佹柟妗堬紝鍙互鐧捐姳榻愭斁锛屽悇鏄剧閫氥€傝€屼笖锛岄€氳繃涓嶅悓鏂规鐨勪氦娴侊紝浜掔浉鍚彂锛屼簰鐩歌ˉ鍏咃紝浜掔浉鍊熼壌锛屼粠鑰屽彇闀胯ˉ鐭紝鍏卞悓鎻愰珮锛屽彲浠ヤ績杩涘舰鎴愮敓鍔ㄦ椿娉肩殑灞€闈€傜洰鍓嶏紝绮惧搧璇剧▼銆佷紭绉€鏁欐潗鐨勮瘎閫夛紝杩囧鍦伴泦涓簬閲嶇偣闄㈡牎锛涘浜庡ぇ閲忕殑涓€鑸櫌鏍★紝浠婂悗涔熷簲娉ㄦ剰鍩硅偛閫傚悎杩欎竴灞傛鐨勭簿鍝佽绋嬪拰浼樼鏁欐潗銆?/span>

 8锛庡缓绔嬬瀛︾殑“涓撲笟璇勪及鍒跺害”锛屼繚璇佹暟瀛﹀绉戜袱涓笓涓氱殑鍩瑰吇璐ㄩ噺

    閫傚綋杩愮敤璇勪及鎵嬫锛屾槸涓€绉嶆湁鏁堢殑绠＄悊鏈哄埗銆備絾鏄紝濡傛灉璇勪及杩囧锛屾寚鏍囪繃缁嗭紝鍒欐晥鏋滃繀鐒堕€傚緱鍏跺弽銆傛湁浜涘鏍″線寰€鍦ㄨ瘎浼板墠鍔犲ぇ鎶曞叆锛屾姄绱?ldquo;鍖呰”锛岃拷姹傜煭鏈熸晥鐩娿€傚皯鏁板鏍℃湁閫犲亣琛屼负锛屼釜鍒鏍＄敋鑷宠瀛︾敓涓€鍚岄€犲亣锛屼抚澶变簡璧风爜鐨勮瘹淇★紝涓庣礌璐ㄦ暀鑲茶儗閬撹€岄┌銆傚叾涓殑鐥囩粨鍦ㄤ簬锛屾湁浜涘鏍＄敤绐佸嚮寤鸿鏉ュ簲瀵硅瘎浼般€備笓涓氬缓璁炬槸涓嶈兘闈犵獊鍑荤殑銆傝棰樼粍璁や负锛屽簲璇ュ缓绔嬬瀛︾殑“涓撲笟璇勪及鍒跺害”锛屾寜鐓?ldquo;涓撲笟瑙勮寖”鐨勮姹傦紝瀵逛笉鍚屽眰娆＄殑瀛︽牎锛岀瀛﹀湴鍒跺畾涓嶅悓鐨?ldquo;涓撲笟璇勪环浣撶郴”锛屽杩戝嚑骞存柊寤虹殑涓撲笟鐐硅繘琛岃瘎浼般€傝瘎浠锋寚鏍囪鍚堢悊锛屼笖鏈変竴瀹氱殑寮规€э紝缁忚繃鍔姏鑳藉杈惧埌锛?ldquo;璇勪环浣撶郴”浣滀负鎸囨尌妫掞紝瑕佸強鏃╁叕甯冿紝鐩稿绋冲畾锛涘苟涓旓紝瀹氭湡璇勪及鍜屾娊鏌ヨ瘎浼扮浉缁撳悎锛屽疄鏂藉姩鎬佺殑璇勪及銆傚璇勪及涓笉鍚堟牸鐨勪笓涓氱偣锛屽簲闄愭湡鏁存敼锛屽啀涓嶅悎鏍硷紝鍒欏彇娑堣涓撲笟鐐广€傝棰樼粍鐩镐俊锛岀粡杩囦簲骞村乏鍙崇Н鏋佺ǔ濡ョ殑寤鸿鍜岀瀛︽湁鏁堢殑绠＄悊锛屾暟瀛﹀绉戠殑涓や釜涓撲笟鐐癸紝涓€瀹氫細鍦ㄩ噺涓婅秼浜庡悎鐞嗭紝鍦ㄨ川涓婃槑鏄炬彁楂橈紝涓烘垜鍥界瀛︽妧鏈殑鍙戝睍锛屼负鎸叴涓崕姘戞棌锛屽仛鍑鸿嚜宸辩殑璐＄尞銆?/span>