译文：
一、阀体和阀盖的泄漏：
原因：
1.铸铁件铸造质量不高，阀体和阀盖体上有砂眼、松散组织、夹渣等缺陷
2.天冷冻裂；
3.焊接不良，存在着夹渣、未焊接，应力裂纹等缺陷；
4.铸铁阀门被重物撞击后损坏。
维护方法：
1.提高铸造质量，安装前严格按规定进行强度试验；
2.对气温在0°和0°以下的阀门，应进行保温或拌热，停止使用的阀门应排除积水
3.由焊接组成的阀体和阀盖的焊缝，应按有关焊接操作规程进行，焊后还应进行探伤和强度试验；
4.阀门上禁止推放重物，不允许用手锤撞击铸铁和非金属阀门，大口径阀门的安装应有支架。
二、填料处的泄露（阀门的外漏，填料处占的比例为{zd0}）
原因：
1．填料选用不对，不耐介质的腐蚀，不耐阀门高压或真空、高温或低温的使用；
2．填料安装不对，存在着以小代大、螺旋盘绕接头不良、上紧下松等缺陷；
3．填料超过使用期，已老化，丧失弹性
4．阀杆精度不高，有弯曲、腐蚀、磨损等缺陷
5．填料圈数不足，压盖未压紧；
6．压盖、螺栓、和其他部件损坏，使压盖无法压紧；
7．操作不当，用力过猛等；
8．压盖歪斜，压盖与阀杆间空隙过小或过大，致使阀杆磨损，填料损坏。
维护方法：
1．应按工况条件选用填料的材料和型式；
2．按有关规定正确的安装填料，盘根应逐圈安放压紧，接头应成30℃或45℃；
3．使用期过长、老化、损坏的填料应及时更换；
4．阀杆弯曲、磨损后应进矫直、修复，对损坏严重的应及时更换；
5．填料应按规定的圈数安装，压盖应对称均匀地把紧，压套应有5mm以上的预紧间隙；
6．损坏的压盖、螺栓及其他部件，应及时修复或更换；
7．应遵守操作规程，除撞击式手轮外，以匀速正常力量操作；
8．应均匀对称拧紧压盖螺栓，压盖与阀杆间隙过小，应适当增大其间隙；压盖与阀杆间隙过大，应予更换。
三、密封面的泄漏
原因：
1、密封面研磨不平，不能形成密合线；
2、阀杆与关闭件的连接处顶心悬空、不正或磨损；
3、阀杆弯曲或装配不正，使关闭件歪斜或不逢中；
4、密封面材质量选用不当或没有按工况条件选用阀
维护方法：
1、按工况条件正确选用颠垫片的材料和型式；
2、精心调节，平稳操作；
3、应均匀对称地拧螺栓，必要时应使用扭力扳手，预紧力应符合要求，不可过大或小。法兰和螺纹连接处应有一定的预紧间隙；
4、垫片装配应逢中对正，受力均匀，垫片不允许搭接和使用双垫片；
5、静密封面腐蚀、损坏加工、加工质量不高，应进行修理、研磨，进行着色检查，使静密封面符合有关要求；
6、安装垫片时应注意清洁，密封面应用煤油清，垫片不应落地。
四、密封圈连结处的泄漏
原因：
1、密封圈辗压不严
2、密封圈与本体焊接，堆焊质量差；
3、密封圈连接螺纹、螺钉、压圈松动；
4、密封圈连接而被腐蚀。
维护方法：
1、密封辗压处泄漏应注胶粘剂再辗压固定；
2、密封圈应按施焊规范重新不解之补焊。堆焊处无法补焊时应xx原堆焊和加工；
3、卸下螺钉、压圈清洗，更换损坏的部件，研磨密封与连接座密合面，重新装配。对腐蚀损坏大较大的部件，可用焊接、粘接等方法修复；
4、密封圈连接面被腐蚀，可用研磨，粘接等方法修复，无法修复时用应更换密封圈。
五、关闭件脱落产生泄漏：
原因:
1、操作不良，使关闭件卡死或超过上死点，连接处损坏断裂；
2、关闭件连接不牢固，松劲而脱落；
3、选用连接件材质不对，经不起介质的腐蚀和机械的磨损。
维护方法：
1、正确操作，关闭阀门不能用力过大，开启阀门不能超过上死点，阀门全开后，手轮应倒转少许;
2、关闭件与阀杆连接应牢固，螺纹连接处应有止退件;
3、关闭件与阀杆连接用的紧固件应经受住介质的腐蚀，并有一定的机械强度和耐磨性能。
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原文：
1, valve body and valve cover leaks:
Reason:
1. High quality cast iron castings, valve and valve cover body trachoma, loosely organized, slag and other defects
2. Cold Donglie;
3. Welding bad, there is slag, not welded, stress cracks and other defects;
4. Cast iron valve damage after impact by a heavy object.
Maintenance Methods:
1. To improve casting quality, pre-installation in strict accordance with the provisions of strength test;
2. On the temperature at 0 ° and 0 ° below the valve, should be mixed with thermal insulation or heat, to stop using the water valve should be excluded
3. Formed by the welding body and the bonnet of the weld, the welding operation procedures should be carried out, testing should be performed after welding and strength testing;
4. Valves pushed up against heavy objects, do not allow hand-cast iron and non-metallic hammer hit the valve, the installation of large diameter valves should stand.
Second, the disclosure of padding (valve leakage, padding the largest proportion)
Reason:
1. Filling, right, intolerant media corrosion, high pressure or vacuum valves impatience, high or low temperature use;
2. Filler installed wrong, there is a small generation of big, bad spiral coil connector, tighten the defects such as under the loose;
3. Over the use of fillers has been aging, loss of elasticity
4. Stem accuracy is not high, there is bending, corrosion, wear and other defects
5. Packing ring less than, no compression gland;
6. Gland, bolts, and other parts damaged, so no compression gland;
7. Improper operation, excessive force, etc.;
8. Gland skew, the gap between the gland and the stem is too small or too large, causing the valve stem wear, packing damaged.
Maintenance Methods:
1. Working conditions should be selected and the type of packing materials;
2. The correct installation in accordance with relevant provisions of the packing, packing ring should be placed by compression, into the joint should be 30 ℃ or 45 ℃;
3. The use of long, aging, damaged packing should be replaced;
4. Stem bending, straightening should be carried out after wear and tear, repair of severely damaged should be replaced;
5. The number of cycles should be required to fill installation, gland response said evenly to tight, pressure sets the preload should be more than 5mm gap;
6. Damage to the gland, bolts and other components, should be promptly repaired or replaced;
7. Operational procedures to be followed, in addition to percussive hand wheel, the power to uniform normal operation;
8. Should be symmetrically cover bolt tightening squeeze, gland and stem gap is too small, should be increased, the gap; gland and valve clearance is too large and should be replaced.
3, sealing surface leakage
Reason:
1, the sealing surface uneven ground, can not form a seal line;
2, the stem and the closure of the junction of the top pieces of heart left vacant, straight, or wear;
3, stem bending or assembly is not correct, or not to shut down every piece of skew;
4, the quality of sealing surfaces use improper or no use valve according to working conditions
Maintenance Methods:
1, according to Britain the correct selection of work conditions and type of gasket material;
2, well-adjusted, stable operation;
3, should tighten the bolts evenly, if necessary using the torque wrench, tightening force should meet the requirements, not too big or small. Flange and threaded joints should be a certain preload gap;
4, gasket assembly should be closed on the positive and balanced force, and the gasket does not allow the use of double gaskets overlap;
5, static sealing surface corrosion, damage processing, processing quality, and should be repaired, grinding, for color inspection, static sealing surface to meet the requirements;
6, installation of gaskets should pay attention to cleaning, sealing surface application Mei You Qing, gaskets should not be landing.
4, seal leak link Office
Reason:
1, ring rolling strict
2, seals and body welding, surfacing of poor quality;
3, ring connecting thread, screw, loop loose;
4, ring connection and corrosion.
Maintenance Methods:
1 Department seal leakage should inject adhesive rolling again rolling fixed;
2, seal welding norms should be applied to re-understand the repair welding. Department can not repair welding welding Welding and machining should be cleared of the original;
3, remove the screw, loop cleaning, replacement of defective parts, ground sealing and connecting seat seal surface, re-assembly. Corrosion damage on a large large part, can be welding, bonding and other methods of repair;
4, ring joint face is corrosion, can be abrasive, adhesive and other methods of repair, no repair should be replaced with a ring.
5, closing off pieces of the leakage:
Reason:
1, operation undesirable to close the pieces stuck on dead center or more, damage to fracture junction;
2 pieces of connection is not firmly closed, slack and fall off;
3, used to connect pieces of material does not, can not withstand the corrosive medium and mechanical wear.
Maintenance Methods:
1, correct operation, close the valve can not be too hard to open the valve can not exceed the upper dead point, the valve fully open, the hand wheel should be reversed a little;
2, closed cases should be firmly connected with the valve stem, screw joints should only return documents;
3, closing parts and fasteners used to connect the valve stem should withstand the corrosive medium, and a certain mechanical strength and wear resistance.
原文来源：
