摘要：介绍了一种全新的充放电装置设置，给出了一种完整的基于三相交流电的恒流充电设计思想，并让电容器在瞬间放电，达到高压放电的目的。利用其瞬间放电的暂态释放能量以达到人们需要的诸如爆炸、冲击、震荡、起弧、膨胀、形变等物理及化学变化过程。
    电容器储能放电装置采用晶闸管智能控制模块，外置flash单片机（AT89C2051）,数字电位器等进行辅助控制，从而进行电容器恒流充电。系统中既应用到了电力电子技术，又应用到了信息电子技术。用信息电子技术来控制电力电子技术，强弱电都得到了充分利用，可以说电力电子技术在本设计中得到了合理的利用。
    本储能放电装置设计可以根据用户的不同要求充1000V及其以下的任意电压，设备不能太笨重，移动方便，可以随时用于工农业的任何需要的地方。它是当今电子行业比较热门，实用价值比较高的设备，它的出现解决了以前不方便的储能装置，且实用性，经济性进一步加强。
关键词：放电； 储能； 单片机； 晶闸管

Design of the Capacitor Charge and Discharge System Based on the Microcontroller
Abstract: The article introduces a completely new device of high voltage charging and discharging, and has given a complete charging design device, which is based on three introduce electricity. By using the instantaneous discharging, it realizes high voltage releasing, people can get the needs of physic and chemistry process, such as explosion, impaction, shape changing and so on.
The device of high voltage uses SCR smart control model, place the flash microcontroller(AT89C2051)outside, arithmetic figure electric machine etc. Proceeding the assistant controls, from this charging the capacitor constant current. In this system is applies to the electric power and electronics technique, and applies to the information electronics technique. Controlling the electric power and electronics technique with the information electronics technique, the strong and week electricity gets well of application, it can say that the electronics technique has got the extensive application in this design.
This design of device of high voltage charging and discharging can charge electricity according to the customers’ different requests that is under the 1000V,the equipments is not have, moving conveniently, being used in industries and agriculture at any time. It is very popular in electronics profession, strong function in practical application, it solved the question that is inconvenient highly storage energy device in the past, and the function, the economic is further enhanced.
Key words: Discharge; Storage energy; Microcontroller; Thyristor

摘要
目次
1 引言 1
2 总体方案 2
3 电容器的充放电原理 3
3.1 电容器原理 4
3.2 电容的定性分析计算 5
3.3 当前先进的高压储能电容器技术 6
3.4 高压储能放电装置电容器 6
3.5 引燃管的工作原理 7
4 变压和整流 8
4.1 变压器 8
4.2 整流模块 10
4.3电容滤波的三相不可控整流电路分析 10
4.4 谐波和无功功率的分析 12
4.5 变压器漏感对整流电路的影响 13
5 三相交流晶闸管智能控制模块 14
5.1 晶闸管智能控制模块功能及特点 14
5.2 晶闸管智能控制模块电流规格的选取 15
5.3 晶闸管智能控制模块导通角 16
5.4 晶闸管智能控制模块芯片主要参数   17
5.5 DCV12V稳压电源要求 17
5.6 使用环境及要求 17
5.7 引脚说明 17
5.8 晶闸管智能控制模块主要参数 17
5.9 晶闸管智能模块保护 18
5.10散热器的选择 20
5.11 恒流模块 21
6 AT89C2051单片机控制器件 21
6.1 单片机及其外围电路 21
6.2 单片机端口的接法 23
6.3 AT89C2051芯片各端口的功能 23
6.4 指示部分 24
6.5 固态继电器 24
6.6 引燃管与晶闸管工作环境 25
6.7 AT89C2051芯片 25
6.8 功能特性概述 26
6.9 引脚说明 26
6.10 特殊功能寄存器和编程说明 27
6.11 系统流程图 28
6.12 AT89C2051芯片程序源代码 28
7 结论 31
参考文献 32
致谢 33
附录A 34
附录B 35