译文：
工作温度在350℃以上的螺栓应选择使用耐热钢。调节阀螺栓用钢中的耐热钢主要有：低合金珠光体耐热钢、高铬马氏体不锈钢、奥氏体不锈钢、铁镍基和镍基合金耐热钢。 不锈钢既是耐热钢，同时也是耐腐蚀钢。 （1）低合金珠光体耐热钢 低合金的珠光体耐热钢可以在较高的温度下使用。一般工作温度低于480℃的螺栓可以选择铬钼钢，而工作温度在540℃以下则宜使用铬钼钒钢。这两类阀门材料在调质状态下短期使用性能较好，在正火回火状态下长期使用具有较好的抗松驰性能。铬钼钒钢经正火回火后，室温冲击韧性较低，在540℃时有持久缺口敏感性，持久强度降低。 （2）马氏体不锈钢 含铬量在12%~17%的马氏体不锈钢螺栓具有较好的抗松驰性能，较高的持久塑性和较低的缺口敏感性。控制阀除材料的韧性和热强性较好外，还具有良好的减振性能和较小的线膨胀系数，能抗大气和海水环境腐蚀。马氏体不锈钢螺栓适用于冲击载荷和腐蚀介质的环境条件。在{zg}工作温度不超过600℃时，其强度虽然低于奥氏体不锈钢，但仍有相当的强度。但马氏体不锈钢的低温性能较差。在低于0℃以下的环境中，材料的韧性会丧失，存在冷脆现象。 （3）奥氏体不锈钢 奥氏体18-8不锈钢螺栓具有良好的抗全面腐蚀性能和高温力学性能，能在600℃的高温下使用。且具有良好的低温性能，蝶阀在较低的温度下仍能保持相当的强度。但其缺点是材料的屈服强度较低，且不能通过热处理改善其力学性能。而奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢是在热处理过程中，通过时效处理产生沉淀硬化，析出弥散分布的碳化物和金属间的化合物，从而提高强度，同时仍保持原不锈钢原来良好的耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性，这种螺栓在650℃以下使用抗松驰性能较稳定，但其合金含量较高，热处理工艺较复杂，材料的价格较昂贵。 （4）铁镍基和镍基合金 工作温度在570℃以上的螺栓可以选择铁镍基或镍基合金。控制阀这类材料一般含钴，具有特别好的高温性能。如美国的waspalog镍基合金，可在760℃以下工作；M252镍基合金可用至840℃，Cr14Ni25Mo铁镍基合金也可使用至650℃；我国生产的高温合金也可用作高温螺栓用钢。

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原文：
Operating temperature at 350 ℃ and above should choose to use heat-resistant steel bolt. Regulating valve in the heat-resistant steel bolt steel are: low-alloy pearlitic heat-resistant steel, high chromium martensitic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, iron-nickel base and nickel-base alloy heat-resistant steel. Stainless steel is heat-resistant steel is also corrosion resistant steel. (1) low-alloy pearlitic heat-resistant steel Low-alloy pearlitic heat-resistant steel can be used at higher temperatures. Normal working temperature is less than 480 ℃ of the bolts can choose to Cr-Mo steel, while the working temperature below 540 ℃ are advised to use the chrome molybdenum vanadium steel. These two types of valve materials in short-term use of quenched and tempered condition better performance, in normalizing tempering state has good long-term use of anti-relaxation properties. Cr-Mo-V steel after normalizing tempering, the relatively low impact toughness at room temperature at 540 ℃ when the notch sensitivity lasting, lasting strength decreased. (2) martensitic stainless steel Chromium content of 12% ~ 17% of the martensitic stainless steel bolt with a good anti-relaxation properties, high durable plastic and low notch sensitivity. In addition to the toughness of control valves and heat of a good strong, but also has good damping properties and a smaller linear expansion coefficient of the atmosphere and marine environment, resistant to corrosion. Martensitic stainless steel bolts for shock loads and corrosive media, environmental conditions. At the highest operating temperature does not exceed 600 ℃, its intensity lower than the austenitic stainless steel, but there is still considerable strength. However, martensitic stainless steel at low temperature performance is poor. Below 0 ℃ below the environment, the material toughness will lose, there is the phenomenon of cold crisp. (3) austenitic stainless steel 18-8 austenitic stainless steel bolt has a good overall corrosion resistance and high temperature mechanical properties, can be used under high temperature 600 ℃. And has good low-temperature performance butterfly valve at the lower temperatures remain fairly strength. But its drawback is that the lower yield strength material, and can not be heat-treatment to improve its mechanical properties. The austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel in the heat treatment process of precipitation hardening produced by aging treatment, precipitation of dispersed carbides and intermetallic compounds, thereby enhancing the strength, while still maintaining the original sound of the original stainless steel corrosion resistance and anti-oxidation sex, this bolt at 650 ℃ under a more stable performance, use of anti-relaxation, but its high alloy content, heat treatment process is relatively complex and more expensive materials. (4) The iron-nickel base and nickel-based alloys Operating temperature at 570 ℃ or more bolts may choose to iron-nickel-based or nickel-based alloys. Control valves such materials are generally of cobalt, has a particularly good high temperature performance. Such as the United States waspalog nickel-based alloys can be 760 ℃ the following work; M252 nickel-based alloys can be used to 840 ℃, Cr14Ni25Mo iron-nickel-based alloys can also be used to 650 ℃; China's production of high-temperature alloy steel bolts are also used as high-temperature.