译文：
由于我国对机械基础件在机械工业中的重要地位熟悉较晚，长期缺乏投入，致使整个行业基础差、底子薄、实力弱。非凡是随着我国主机水平的提高，机械基础件落后于主机的瓶颈现象日益显现。近年来，虽然在技术引进、技术改造、科研开发等方面，国家给予了一定支持，但与当前市场需求及国外水平相比，仍有不小差距，具体表现在：产品品种少、水平低，质量不稳定，早期故障率高，可靠性差。 我国机械基础件产品品种、规格少，非凡是xx产品差距较大，不能满足主机日益发展的需求。目前，各类主机基础件的性能指标大体相当于国外20世纪80年代水平。质量不稳定，早期故障率高，可靠性差，是基础件的致命弱点。因此，不少主机厂为提高其主机的市场竞争力，往往选择进口基础件配套，致使国产基础件，非凡是技术含量较低的产品，国内市场占有率有所下降。虽然我国基础件产品出口有明显优势，但主要是劳动密集型产品，数量大，价值低，技术附加值不高。 当前，我国机械基础件行业存在以下主要问题： 一是重复建设严重，专业化程度低，形不成规模，经济效益差 机械基础件与主机相比，企业建立的初始资金和技术所需投入相对较少，因此在国家几次经济大发展时期，都增加了一批基础件生产企业，随之也出现了大量低水平的重复建设，点多、批量小，形不成经济规模。基础件企业虽然逐渐独立于主机厂，但大多数企业本身就是大而全、小而全，专业化程度低，装备水平不高，质量不稳定，经济效益低下。如我国齿轮泵行业三家大型骨干企业年产齿轮泵的总和还不到国外一家闻名公司的50。近两年，我国建成几百家齿轮泵厂，但年产30万件以上的只有几家，主要产品是为农机配套。而德国力士乐公司年产各种液压件产品130万件，日本油研也年产60万件以上。工业发达国家模具企业人均产值约15万～20万美元，我国只有4万～5万元人民币。近年来，随着多种所有制共同发展政策的落实，基础件行业正经历着由分散到逐渐集中的集约化发展过程。 二是科研开发力量薄弱，资金投入不足，技术进步缓慢 基础件各行业在20世纪70年代末、80年代初就较早地引进了一批国外先进技术，但对消化吸收缺乏足够的软硬件投入。据国外经验，引进技术与消化吸收所需资金的比例约为1:7，而我国对此熟悉较晚，消化吸收步子较慢。市场竞争实际上是技术实力的较量。国外对此极为重视，纷纷加大投入，占领技术制高点。各大闻名公司用于科研开发的资金均占其销售额的4～5，重点领域达10。目前我国虽然有不少高等院校从事科研工作，不少理论研究、科研成果、专利论文均有相当高的水平，但与生产实际结合的不紧，非凡是转化成商品的速度慢。 三是原材料及相关技术落后，工艺及工艺装备水平低，制约了基础件的发展 齿轮泵、螺杆泵、弹簧、轴承、模具等产品所使用的钢材质量差、品种规格少，直接影响了基础件产品的质量，而齿轮泵铸件以及与齿轮泵产品质量相关的电控技术落后，也直接影响齿轮泵质量和可靠性。机械基础件一般都是成批、大量生产，也有多品种、加工精度要求高的产品，因此对生产工艺及其装备要求高，投资大。国外多采用高效高精度的专机、生产线或柔性线，实现高效自动化生产。但我国一些基础件企业受资金制约，投入力度不大，企业自我改造能力差，先进设备少又不配套，影响了产品上质量上档次 综合分析，造成上述问题的主要原因在于： 1.企业基础薄弱 由于我国机械基础件行业基础差，底子薄，科技投入少，开发力量薄弱，不能适应主机行业引进、合资、合作、快速发展的需要，导致机械基础件国内市场占有率有所下降。 2.国家缺乏对机械基础件行业有力的政策支持 虽然国家在产业政策方面，明确了重点支持重要的机械基础件，但缺少相应的配套政策的支持，如模具行业的税负过重，享受增值税部分返还的企业，全国只有不到百家，面太窄，作用有限，还需要政策继续支持等。 因此，为提高我国机械基础件产品的市场竞争能力，更好地满足我国机械工业对国产基础件配套的需求，预计我国基础件行业面临进一步的调整，以整合优势资源，淘汰落后企业。在今后的5～10年中，行业将在发展品牌产品及xx企业、开展技术创新、提高国内外市场竞争能力和加强集约化经营等方面力争有较大的进展和突破。

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原文：
As our country on the basis of pieces of machinery in the machinery industry are familiar with the important position of late, long-term lack of investment, leading the entire industry based on poor, weak economic foundation and strength of the weak. Extraordinary, with the host country raises the level of basic pieces of machinery behind the main bottleneck is becoming more apparent. In recent years, although the introduction of technology, technological innovation, scientific research and development, our country has given some support, but with the current level of market demand and overseas, there remains no small gap, in particular in: less product variety, low level quality of instability, early failure rate, poor reliability. China Machine Components product variety, size small, extraordinary is a big gap between high-end products can not meet the growing needs of the host. At present, various types of host based piece of performance indicators is roughly equivalent to the level of 80 foreign countries in the 20th century. Quality of instability, early failure rate, reliability is poor, the Achilles heel of basic items. Therefore, many OEMs to enhance the market competitiveness of its host, often choose to import the basis of supporting documents, resulting in domestic basic pieces is extraordinary low-tech products, the domestic market share declined. Although China's exports of basic items has obvious advantages, but mainly labor-intensive products, the number of large, low-value, technology added value. At present, China Machine Components Industry of the following main issues: First, serious overlapping, low degree of specialization, not form scale, low economic efficiency Mechanical Components and host compared to the initial business set up financial and technical inputs required relatively few times in national economic development period, have increased the number of basic parts manufacturer, also appeared along a large number of low- level of duplication, with many points, volume is small, not form economies of scale. Basic pieces of business, while gradually independent of the OE, but most of the enterprise itself is large and, small but complete, low degree of specialization, the level of equipment is not high, the quality of instability, low economic efficiency. Such as gear pump industry in China three large enterprise combined annual output of gear pump, a well-known foreign company is less than 50. The past two years, China built hundreds of gear pump works, but the annual output of 300,000 or more only a few, mainly agricultural products is supporting. The company's annual output of Germany Rexroth hydraulic items 1.3 million, Japan has an annual output of oil research for more than 600,000. Industrialized countries die of about 150 000 companies per capita output to 20 million, China's only 4 million to 50 thousand yuan. In recent years, with a variety of common ownership of development policies, basic components industry is experiencing a gradual concentration of the dispersed intensive development process. Second, weak research and development, insufficient capital investment, technological progress is slow Basic pieces of 70 different industries in the late 20th century, early 80s to early introduction of a number of foreign advanced technology, but the lack of adequate absorption of the hardware and software investment. According to foreign experience, required for digestion and absorption of imported technology and capital ratio of approximately 1:7, but China later this familiar, slow digestion and absorption steps. Technical strength of competition in the market is actually a contest. Have attached great importance to foreign, have increased investment, occupy high ground. Various well-known company for research and development funds account for its sales of 4 to 5, 10 priority areas. Although many universities currently engaged in our research work, a lot of theoretical research, scientific research, patents, papers have fairly high levels, but combined with the actual production is not tight, the extraordinary is slowly transformed into commodities. Third, and related raw materials, backward technology, low level of technology and technological equipment, the foundation of the development constraints Gear pump, screw pump, springs, bearings, dies and other products used by the poor quality steel, specifications less direct impact on the quality of basic items, while the gear pump and gear pump castings and quality of products related to electronic control technology behind It also directly affects the quality and reliability gear pump. Mechanical parts are generally based on batch, mass production, but also more variety, high precision machining products, and therefore requires high technology and equipment production, large investment. Foreign multi-use high efficiency and precision of the plane, line or soft line for efficient automated production. However, some basic pieces of our business by financial constraints, input small businesses transform themselves poor, less advanced equipment not matching, affect product quality grade Comprehensive analysis of the main reasons contributing to this problem is: 1. Business foundation is weak As the industry base of China Machine Components poor, weak economic foundation, science and technology into a small, developing weak, can not adapt to the host introduce the industry, joint ventures, cooperation, rapid development, leading to mechanical parts based on the domestic market share declined. 2. Countries lack the basic parts of the machinery industry, strong policy support Although countries in the industrial policy, a clear focus to support important basic pieces of machinery, but the lack of appropriate supporting policies, such as the mold industry, the heavy tax burden and enjoy the value-added part of the return of the company, fewer than 100, too narrow, limited, also need policies to support. Therefore, to improve the mechanical basis for our competitiveness in the market items to better meet China's machinery industry on the basis of pieces of supporting domestic demand, basic parts industry in China is expected to face further adjustments to integrate advantageous resources and eliminate backward enterprises. In the next 5 to 10 years, the industry will be in the development of branded products and brand-name enterprises, technical innovation, improve competitiveness and strengthen domestic and international markets such as intensive management and strive to attain greater progress and breakthroughs.