译文：
1、清洁要求经常保持阀门外部和活动部位的清洁，保护阀门油漆的完整。阀门上的灰尘用压缩空气吹扫，阀门上残留的油和介质用蒸汽吹扫干净。疏水阀应定期拆卸冲洗，防止堵塞。 2、定期润滑 阀门梯形螺纹、螺母及啮合部位和配合活动部位，应经常保持良好的润滑，防止锈蚀及卡死。露在外部的润滑部位，如螺纹等应注入二硫化钼润滑，既不污染灰尘，又能很好润滑；对于旋塞阀等，应定期加注润滑油，防止磨损及泄漏。 3、定期维护 阀体要完好，阀件应齐全、完好，螺纹、螺母应拧紧防止松动，填料压件应及时拧紧，缺失零件应及时更换。补齐。此外，阀门不允许敲打、放置重物或站人，以免损坏阀门。 4、驱动装置灵活 驱动装置应外面清洁；密封良好，密封部位应严密无泄漏；传动部位应定期润滑，放置锈蚀或卡死；确保驱动装置工作正常自如，执行操作准确无误。 阀门常见问题处理 在实际生产装置中，一般阀门的泄漏情况有以下几种情况： 1、阀板变形所引起的介质泄漏，呈渗流或小流量连续排放 2、阀体内有杂物，关闭不严所引起的介质泄漏，往往呈小流量泄漏 3、密封面操作造成密封不严所引起的介质泄漏，往往呈渗漏状泄漏 4、阀杆卡死致使阀门无法关闭所造成的介质泄漏，这样的泄漏往往在一定时间内造成相当程度的泄漏和污染 5、密封填料不严密所造成的介质泄漏，一般表现为渗漏，但量较小 6、阀体有砂眼所造成的介质泄漏，一般也是表现为渗漏，量较小 7、制造工艺上的问题所引起阀门泄漏，多为渗漏型 当然要准确判断闸阀渗漏部位和原因，及时有效地排除故障，还应根据具体情况进行全面地分析研究，采取可靠迅速的方法排除故障，使阀门保持良好的技术状态。 闸阀渗漏油料的渗漏部位、渗漏原因的排除渗漏的方法见下表： 渗漏类型 渗漏部位 渗漏原因 排除渗漏方法 备注 闸阀内部渗漏 闸阀与阀体密封圈处 闸阀闸板或阀体密封圈的密封面损坏或有杂物 拆开闸阀，研磨闸板和阀体密封圈，试压合格后，重新安装使用，或者去除杂物 对不可修复的，更换闸板、阀体或闸阀 闸阀外部渗漏 填料函 填料干燥；填料压得不够紧或不均匀；填料安装不正确；阀杆生锈粗糙刮烂填料；填料压盖损坏 更换填料。均匀压紧调料，维修或磨阀杆；填料压盖损坏的更好 密封圈或衬里材料 密封圈或衬里材料老化、损坏 拆开阀盖，更换密封圈或衬里材料 阀体 阀体上有砂眼或裂纹 对砂眼或裂纹施焊，试压合格后，重新安装使用；或冷操作，用环氧树脂补漏 对不可修复的，更换闸板、阀体或闸阀 阀盖 阀盖上有砂眼或裂纹 对砂眼或裂纹施焊，试压合格后，重新安装使用；或冷处理，用环氧树脂补漏 对不可修复的，更换闸板、阀体或闸阀 阀门的维修及检查 这方面存在的问题主要有：阀门维修保养不及时，造成阀门失修渗漏或开关不灵；阀门未定期检修试压，甚至使用多年未进行清洗、试压和技术鉴定，致使杂物沉积于阀内，关闭不严，严重渗油、窜油；阀门检修后未关闭，或者拆除阀门后未封堵管口；阀门尘兰垫片使用了不耐油不耐压材料等。因此，要加强对阀门的检查，力争做到防患于未然。 阀门月检查的主要内容： 1、阀杆动密封及法兰垫片静密封处是否渗漏 2、启闭状态是否正常 3、阀体有无损伤及渗漏等异常现象 4、将平时常开或常闭的阀门转动1～2圈或做1次升降试验 5、对常开或常闭阀门阀杆部位润滑 6、检查和调试气动阀门的动力头及电气系统 每半年至少应对电动阀和气动阀的行程控制器、开度指标器做1次调试。 每两年对使用5年以上的阀门检查抽检10％以上，进行解体检查和水压试验，阀门解体检查的主要内容： 1、阀芯于阀座的结合是否严密，有无缺陷 2、阀杆和阀芯的连接是否灵活、可靠 3、阀杆有无弯曲、锈蚀、阀杆与填料压盖配合是否合适，螺纹有无缺陷 4、阀盖和阀体有无裂纹，接合是否良好 5、垫片、填料、螺栓等是否安全，有无缺陷

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原文：
1, cleaning requirements and activities outside the regular valve position to maintain the cleanliness of paint to protect the integrity of the valve. The valve on the dust with compressed air purge, the valve on the residual oil and medium steam purge clean. Traps should be washed regularly demolished to prevent clogging. 2, regular lubrication Valve trapezoidal thread, nut and mating sites and co-ordination activities in parts, should always maintain good lubrication, prevent corrosion, and choked to death. Exposed in the external lubricating parts such as thread, etc. should be injected into molybdenum disulfide lubrication, not pollution, dust, but also a very good lubrication; for plug valves, etc. should be regularly filling lubricant to prevent wear and leakage. 3, regular maintenance Valve should be intact, valves should be complete, intact, screw, nut should be tightened to prevent the loose pieces of filler should be timely tightening pressure, missing parts should be promptly replaced. Padded. In addition, the valve does not allow beating, place heavy objects or to stand on in order to avoid damage to the valve. 4, drives a flexible Drive should be out clean; sealed well, parts should be tightly sealed without leakage; transmission parts should be lubricated on a regular basis, placed rust or choked to death; to ensure that drive is working smoothly, perform operations accurately. Frequently asked questions dealing with the valve In the actual production device, the general situation of the valve leakage following situations: 1, valve plate deformation caused by the media leaks, seepage or small flow showed a continuous discharge 2, valve body with debris, caused by loose closure of the media leaks, often showed a small leakage flow 3, sealing surface caused Mifengbuyan arising from the operation of the media leak, often leak was leaking like 4, causing the valve stem stuck can not close the media caused by leakage, such leakage is often a certain period of time caused a considerable degree of leakage and contamination 5, sealing packing is not tight leakage caused by the media, the general performance of the leakage, but the smaller the amount of 6, valve with trachoma caused by media leaks, are generally expressed as leakage, the amount of small 7, manufacturing process problems caused by valve leakage, mostly for leakage-type Of course, necessary to accurately determine the location and cause valve leakage, timely and effective troubleshooting, but also depending on the circumstances to conduct a comprehensive analysis of research, to take prompt and reliable method of troubleshooting, so that the valve to maintain in good technical condition. Gate leakage of oil leakage site, leakage causes the method to exclude leakage following table: Leakage type Leakage area Leakage causes Methods to exclude leakage Notes Internal valve leakage Valve and valve seals at Gate valve gate or valve seal sealing surface is damaged or there is debris Open the gate, grinding damper and valve seals, pressure test after passing the re-installation, or removal of debris Right can not be repaired, replacement gate, valve or valve External valve leakage Stuffing Filler drying; packing presses is not tight enough or uneven; filler is not properly installed; stem rust scraping rotten rough filler; packing gland damage Replace the packing. Uniform compaction spices, maintenance or grinding stem; packing gland damage to a better O-ring or lining material O-ring or lining materials, aging, damage Open the valve cover, replacement seals, or lining material Body Valve have trachoma or cracks Trachoma or cracks on the welding, pressure test after passing the re-installation; or cold operation, with epoxy resin Trapping Right can not be repaired, replacement gate, valve or valve Bonnet Valve cover has trachoma or cracks Trachoma or cracks on the welding, pressure test after passing the re-installation; or cold treatment, with epoxy resin Trapping Right can not be repaired, replacement gate, valve or valve Valve repair and inspection of Major problems exist in this regard include: valve repair and maintenance is not timely, resulting in leakage of the valve repairs or switch not working; valve pressure test not go for regular maintenance, and even used for many years without cleaning, pressure test and technical appraisal, resulting in debris deposited on the valve, close the strict, serious oil leakage, channeling oil; the valve is not closed immediately after inspection, or the removal of the valve is not sealing nozzle; valve dust blue pads do not use the non-oil pressure materials. Therefore, we should strengthen the inspection of the valve, and strive against possible trouble. Check the valve on the main content: 1, valve stem seals and flange gaskets dynamic static sealing at whether the leakage 2, open and close the state is normal 3, valve leakage and other damage and whether the abnormal 4, will usually normally open or normally closed valve rotation 1 ~ 2 laps or do a second-down test 5 pairs of normally open or normally closed valve stem parts of lubrication 6, inspection and commissioning of the power head pneumatic valves and electrical systems At least every six months respond to electric valve and pneumatic valve stroke controller, opening a second target device to do debugging. Every two years on the use of more than 5 years more than 10% of the sampling valve checks carried out the dissolution of inspection and pressure test, the disintegration of check valve main elements: 1, valve core is tight in the seat combination, with or without defects 2, valve stem and the valve core of the connection is flexible, reliable and 3, whether the stem bending, rust, stem and packing gland with the suitability of the thread whether the defects 4, valve cover and valve body whether the cracks, bonding is a good 5, gaskets, packing, bolts, etc. if it is safe, with or without defects