译文：
结构 高压超低温手动截止阀和气动截止阀均采用直角式截止阀。由于工作温度极低，工作压力高，因此设计时从结构、材料的选择等多方面采取了措施。手动截止阀由手柄驱动。气动截止阀由双向气动活塞驱动，控制口1供应控制压力时阀关闭;控制口2供应控制压力同时卸除控制口1的控制压力，阀打开。下面简要介绍高压超低温阀设计考虑和结构特点。 3.1 隔热措施 为了保证手动截止阀的可操作性和气动截止阀的气动活塞处的橡胶O形圈可靠工作，需从结构上采取隔热措施。设计时在保证足够的连接强度和 刚 度 的前提下，将阀盖的多余部分加工掉，使阀盖中间段的横截面和与阀体接触部位的面积尽量小，并适当加长阀盖的长度，这样可使阀体内的冷量尽可能少往上传导。低温试验表明，气动活塞附近阀杆的温度不低于一20'C。 3.2 材料 阀体、阀盖和控制腔壳体等选用ICr18Ni9Ti,阀座、阀芯、阀杆、阀杆螺母等选用耐低温高强不锈钢S-03和S-07等，活塞选用高强铝合金。为了保证零件在超低温下尺寸稳定，主要零件在精加工前均进行冷处理，S-03和S-07按相应的热处理规范处理，1Crl8Ni9Ti在液氮中浸泡4h. 3.3关闭副密封 阀芯与阀座的关闭副密封均采用金属一金属密封。DN10的手动截止阀和气动截止阀均采用锥面密封(见图3):DN20和DN32手动截止阀和气动截止阀则均采用平面密封。阀芯和阀座均采用耐低温的高强不锈钢S-07和S-03,阀芯的硬度比阀座的硬度稍高一些.DN 10 的 手动和气动截止阀阀芯与阀杆为一体，而DN20和DN32手动截止阀和气动截止阀则均采用浮动阀芯。 3.4接口连接形式 DN10 、DN20手动和气动截止阀均采用螺纹连接，DN32采用法兰连接。 3.5填料密封 阀芯杆的密封采用填料密封。填料与阀芯杆的摩擦力要尽可能的小，因为摩擦力将使作用在填料上的压力随着与填料压盖的距离的增加而减小，若衰减太厉害，密封压力一旦超过填料压力就会开始渗漏。尤其是在超低温下填料的塑性要降低，密封更难保证。填 料 材 料选择耐低温性能较好并且摩擦系数较小的增强聚四氟乙烯FS-35,填料共有三圈，每两圈填料之间设有金属填料垫。设计 时 还 特别将手动截止阀的阀芯杆与阀杆采用分体设计。这样在开关阀时，与填料接触的阀芯杆不像一般截止阀的阀杆作螺旋运动，而只作上下移动，大大改善了填料的受力状况，有利于填料密封。试验表明这种结构设计方案是可打的，在超低温下填料密封性能良好。 3.6阀芯杆与阀杆和阀芯的连接 手动截止阀阀芯杆与阀杆采用分体设计。手动阀的阀芯杆与阀杆和阀芯以及气动阀的阀杆与 阀芯的连接均采用活动连接，主要采用了阀芯螺母、T型槽、对开圆环和钢丝连接等多种方式。阀芯 与 阀 杆的钢丝连接见图4所示，这是一种非常简单可行的结构。在阀芯和阀杆上均开有半圆形槽，为了保证阀芯活动灵活，阀芯上的槽的宽度要比阀杆上的稍宽。 3.7其他密封 由于采取了有效地隔热措施，气动截止阀的气动活塞、阀盖与控制腔壳体的密封采用橡胶0形圈密封。阀座与壳体的静密封采用软金属垫密封结构，密封垫的材料为退火铜。 3.8开/关状态指示机构 为了便于试验操作时了解和监视气动截止阀的的状态，气动截止阀设有开/A状态信号输出机构，试验台可用指示灯指示其状态。开/关状态信号分别由两个光电管输出。两个光电管安装在光电管支架上，遮光片与活塞相连，在对应阀开启和关闭的位置遮光片开有透光小孔。当控制口供应控制压力气动阀关闭或打开时.遮光片与活塞一起运动，xx打开或关闭后，对应的光电管输出电压信号。

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原文：
Structure Ultra-low-temperature high-pressure manual valve and pneumatic valves are used angle valve. Due to the extremely low temperatures, high working pressure, so the design from the structure, material selection and other aspects of measures taken. Manual valve driven by the handle. Pneumatic valve pneumatic piston driven by a bidirectional control port 1 control pressure supply valve is closed; control the supply of control pressure port 2 while port 1 removable control pressure control valve is opened. The following brief high-voltage ultra-low temperature valve design considerations and structural features. 3.1 insulation measures In order to ensure the operability of manual valve and pneumatic valve pneumatic piston rubber O-ring Division reliably, be insulated from the structure of the measures taken. Designed in to ensure adequate connection strength and stiffness under the premise of the valve cover off the excess part of the process, so that valve cover and the intermediate cross-sectional area of the contact area with the body as small as possible, and appropriate length of extended valve cover This will allow the valve body of the cold conduction up as little as possible. Low temperature tests show that the pneumatic piston temperature near the valve stem not less than one 20'C. 3.2 Materials Valve body, valve cover and control cavity housing and other selected ICr18Ni9Ti, valve seat, valve, stem, stem nut, and use low temperature high strength stainless steel resistance to S-03 and S-07, etc., using high strength aluminum alloy pistons. To ensure the part size and stability at extremely low temperatures, mainly in the finished part prior to cold treatment, S-03 and S-07 by the corresponding standard heat treatment, 1Crl8Ni9Ti immersed in liquid nitrogen for 4h. 3.3 Vice-sealing closure Valve seal and valve seat are made vice closure of a metal seal metal. DN10 manual cut-off valves and pneumatic valves are sealed with cone (see Figure 3): DN20 and DN32 manual cut-off valves and pneumatic valves are all closed by plane. Valve core and valve seat are made of high strength cold-resistant stainless steel S-07 and S-03, the hardness of the spool slightly higher than the hardness of the valve seat. DN 10 of the manual and pneumatic valve spool and the valve stem as a whole, but DN20 and DN32 manual cut-off valves and pneumatic valves are all floating spool. 3.4 interface form DN10, DN20 both manual and pneumatic valves with threaded connections, DN32 flange connection used. 3.5 Packing Seal Spool rod seal with packing seal. Friction with the spool rod packing to as small as possible, because the role of friction will allow the pressure in the packing and packing gland with the increase in distance decreases, if the decay is too severe, when more than filling pressure sealing pressure will begin to leak. Especially in the ultra-low temperature plastic filler to reduce sealing more difficult to guarantee. Packing material selection and good low temperature resistance coefficient of friction small PTFE FS-35, filling a total of three times, twice each with metal filler filler cushion between. Designed specifically to manually close the valve rod and valve spool design with split. In this way switching valve, the valve rod in contact with the filler valve of the valve stem not generally make spiral movement, but only for vertical movement, has greatly improved the packing of the loading force, is conducive to packing seal. Tests show that the structure design is to play, and at extremely low temperatures in good packing seal. 3.6 bar and stem and spool valve connections Manual valve rod and valve spool design with split. Manual valve and spool valve rod and valve and pneumatic valve stem and Plug connections are connected with the activities, mainly the valve nut, T-slot, off the ring and wire connections and other means. Spool of wire to connect with the stem shown in Figure 4, which is a very simple and practical structure. Both in the spool and the valve stem to open a semi-circular groove, valve core activities in order to ensure a flexible, plug the slot width slightly wider than the stem on. 3.7 Other seals As a result of effective insulation measures, pneumatic valve pneumatic piston, valve cover and control cavity shell with rubber 0-ring seal seal. Static seal valve seat and shell soft metal cushion seal structure, sealing gasket material for the annealed copper. 3.8 on / off status indication institutions In order to facilitate understanding and monitoring test operation of the state of pneumatic valves, pneumatic valve with open / A state signal output mechanism, test bed available light indicates the status. On / off status signal output by two photocells. Two optical tube installed in the optical tube, the shading plate and piston connected to the corresponding valve in the open and closed position to open a translucent shading film holes. When the control valve pneumatic control pressure supply port closed or opened. Shading film together with the piston movement, completely open or closed, the corresponding photocell output voltage signal.