译文：
一、总述： 供水管网上的优质阀门选择的重要性： 供水管网把从水厂送出的自来水输配到千家万户，因此供水管网分布于城市的每个角落，其长度少则上百公里，多至数千公里。水的不可替代性和人们生存的必需性，决定了供水管网安全运行的重要性。但是由于主客观多方面的原因，管道往往会出现一些故障，管网总是要不断更新改造，用水户经常要有增减，因此局部管段的停水现象难以避免。为了缩小停水范围，在管网内适当地安装控制阀门是十分必要的。因此在一座城市的供水管网中，阀门数量成千上万，并无规则地分布于城市街道下面。 供水管网上的阀门操作并不频繁，长期待命，一旦需要，阀门应能关闭迅速，截流可靠；平时要求阀门开启要到位，减少管段的水头损失，所以阀门是一种“养兵千日，用兵一时”的控制设备；阀门的完好率，关系到阀门的选型、阀门的制造、管路的设计、阀门的组装、阀门的启闭及阀门的管理，当然最主要的原因还是阀门的质量。 阀门在供水管网中数量多、分布广、作用大。因此，在阀门选型、检验、性能和管理上均有许多问题值得研讨。 二、如何选择供水管网使用的优质阀门： （一）、注重阀门的选型： 1、阀门有蝶阀、闸阀、球阀及旋塞阀等几种，选型中应考虑阀门在供水管网中使用的范围。 1）、为了降低管道覆土深度，一般口径较大管道选配蝶阀；蝶阀的主要缺点是蝶板占据一定的过水断面，增加一定的水头损失； 2）、对覆土深度影响不大的，力求选配闸阀；闸阀大口径立式闸阀的高度影响管道的覆土深度，大口径卧式闸阀的长度增大了管道占据横向面积，影响其他管线的安排； 3）、球阀及旋塞阀铸造及加工难度大，价格较贵，一般适用于中小口径管道上。球阀及旋塞阀则保持了闸阀单、水流阻力小、密封可靠、动作灵活、操作及维修方便等优点。旋塞阀亦具有类似优点，惟过水断面不是正圆形。 4）近几年由于铸造技术的改进，采用树脂砂法铸造，可避免或减少机械加工，从而降低了成本，因此球阀用于大口径管道上的可行性值得探索。至于口径大小的分界线应各地按具体情况考虑划分。 2、近年来，国内不少阀门生产厂家研出制软密封闸阀，有必要了解一下这种闸阀和传统的锲式或平行式双闸板式闸阀相比之下的特点： １）．软密封闸阀的阀体、阀盖采用精密铸造法铸造，一次成型，根本不用再机械加工，不使用密封铜环，节约有色金属； ２）．软密封闸阀底部无凹坑，不积存渣物，闸阀启闭的故障率低； ３）．软密封衬胶阀板尺寸统一，互换性强。 因此软密封闸阀将是闸阀的发展方向，也是供水行业乐意采用的一种阀门。启闭软密封闸阀时，千万不要关闭过死，只要达到止水效果即可，否则不易开启或衬胶剥离。 3、供水行业使用的蝶阀多数是软密封蝶阀，针对蝶阀在安装过程中胶圈易受损影响密封性，不少厂家推出金属密封蝶阀代替胶圈密封蝶阀。金属密封蝶阀由于密封件的弹性较小，一般采用偏心结构，特别是用三维偏心结构较为合理。 （二）、评价与测试阀门的性能： 阀门的特殊性要求其质量可靠、性能优异。评价阀门的性能与性能测试时，应注意以下几点： １．阀门在工作水压下启闭灵活、轻便，在工作水压下用扭矩扳手检测开启力矩。 ２．阀门关闭严密，在１．１倍工作水压下不渗漏或渗漏符合标准要求（金属密封的蝶阀），这要求阀门的两侧轮流承压、分别检测，且多次启闭达到同样效果。要求各种口径、不同类型的阀门均应在生产厂家和有检测资格的单唤写汉善舯盏氖倜觳狻Ｕ庵旨觳庖舶ǘ苑е崦芊庑Ч钠兰邸?/p> ３．阀门过流能力要强，特别是蝶阀，蝶板的过流阻力要小，过流有效面积要大。这要求各种口径、不同类型的阀门都应进行流阻系数的测定。 ４．阀体承受水压的能力应与管道一致，也就是阀门开启状态下，阀门能承受管道试验压力的要求。 （三）、考虑阀门的内衬与外防腐 阀门是输送饮用水的设备，阀体内衬一定要xx、耐腐蚀、耐磨、光洁，使水流阻力尽可能小。如阀门的压板、螺栓和蝶板材质不同，很容易发生电化学腐蚀，腐蚀生成的铁锈延伸至密封面，影响阀门的密封效果，另外阀门安装在阀井内，浸泡在水中，防止锈蚀是很重要的，因此内衬要覆盖完善，防止产生锈蚀造成供水的二次污染。 阀门的外防腐可采取抛光清砂后，再作静电喷涂xx环氧树脂防腐，也可以先刷１－２遍红丹漆，于后再刷两遍防锈漆。 三、阀门的运行管理 阀门能否启闭良好，不仅要阀门选型恰当、产品质量好、精心施工安装，而且还要周到地管理，才能起到“养兵千日，用兵一时”的效果。良好的运行管理体现在以下三个方面： １．技术资料齐备 阀门的技术资料包括阀门出厂说明书，阀门购进后的检验合格单，阀门的组装及位置卡，阀门的检修记录。对于街道的变迁，阀门卡片应及时更新，力求建立ＧＩＳ管理系统。 ２．阀门运行管理周到 阀门运行管理的质量要求包括阀门应关闭严密，阀门轴杆密封填料处不串漏，阀门启闭轻便、指示完好。阀门运行管理日常工作包括阀门历次启闭操作单的报批记录及操作记录的完善，阀门定期检测的启闭记录等。对于长期没有操作过的阀门，根据口径的大小，定出不同的检测周期是必要的。对于发现的故障应提出维修方案，及时处理，特别是关闭后无法开启的阀门应像抢修爆管一样进行紧急处理。 ３．阀井状况良好 阀井状况包括阀井砌筑符合行业标准和设计规范，井盖与路面衔接完好，操作阀门的孔位准确，井内无杂物及污水，阀门表面无锈斑。在条件许可的情况下，大口径阀门井应考虑井内空气可长期对流的技术措施。对阀门井应定期巡视，对井盖的丢失和损坏应及时处理。

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原文：
I. Overview: High-quality water supply pipe-line the importance of the valve of choice: The water supply pipe network to send the water from the water transmission and distribution to millions of households, so the water supply pipeline network located in every corner of the city, its length varies from hundreds of kilometers, up to several thousand kilometers. Water is irreplaceable and the people of the necessity to survive, decided the safe operation of water supply pipe network importance. However, due to various subjective and objective reasons, pipelines tend to be some failures, pipeline network, must constantly update the transformation of water users often have a positive or negative, so the phenomenon of partial disruption of water supply pipe segment is difficult to avoid. To narrow the scope without water in the pipe network in the proper installation of control valves is very necessary. Therefore, in a city's water supply network, the number of tens of thousands of valves, there is no regularly distributed in the city streets below. Water supply pipe-line valve operation is not frequent, long-term stand-by, if necessary, the valve should be closed quickly, closure and reliable; normally required to open the valve should be in place to reduce the pipe head loss, so the valve is a kind of "maintaining an army 1000 day, use of troops 1:00 "control equipment; valve intact rate, related to the valve selection, valve manufacture, pipeline design, the valve assembly, and valves open and close the valve management, of course, The main reason is the quality of the valve. Valve in the water supply pipe network in the quantity, widely distributed, high-impact. Thus, in the valve selection, testing, performance and management are many issues worthy of discussion. Second, how to select high-quality water supply pipe network using the valve: (A), pay attention to the valve selection: 1, there are butterfly valves, gate valve, ball valves and plug valves, etc. in different ways should be considered in selection of valves used in the water supply pipe network range. 1), in order to reduce the depth of pipe casing is generally a larger diameter pipe matching butterfly valve; butterfly butterfly plate occupy the main drawback is that a certain degree of cross section to increase a certain head loss; 2), little impact on the overburden depth, and strive to matching gate; gate valve of large-diameter high-impact vertical pipe casing depth, large-diameter horizontal pipe gate length increases the horizontal area occupied affect Other pipeline arrangements; 3), ball and plug valves casting and machining difficult, more expensive, generally applies to small diameter pipe. Ball and plug valves remained a single valve, flow resistance, sealing, reliable, and flexible movement, operation and maintenance easy and so on. Plug valves also have similar advantages, but is not being circular cross section. 4) Over the past few years, due to improvements in casting technology, using resin sand casting method can avoid or reduce the mechanical processing, thereby reducing costs, ball valve used for the feasibility of large-diameter pipe is worth exploring. As for the caliber size of the dividing line should be divided into parts according to the specific situation considered. 2, in recent years, domestic manufacturers a lot of research out of the system valves soft sealing gate valve, it is necessary to understand the gate and the traditional carve-type or parallel plate gate valve Shuangzha contrast features: 1). Soft sealing gate valve body, valve cover using precision casting casting, a shape, do not have to re-machining, non-use of sealed copper rings, save non-ferrous metals; 2). Soft sealing gate valve at the bottom of no pits, no accumulation of slag material, gate hoist the failure rate is low; 3). Soft-sealing rubber lining valve plate size of unity, interchangeability strong. Therefore, soft sealing gate valve will be the development direction of the industry is also reluctant to adopt a water supply valve. When the soft sealing gate valve open and close, do not close off dead, as long as the sealing effect can be achieved, otherwise difficult to peel open or rubber lining. 3, water supply industry, using most of the soft seal butterfly valve butterfly valve, butterfly valve in the installation process for the impact of sealing rubber ring easily damaged, and many manufacturers introduced instead of rubber ring seal metal seal butterfly valve butterfly valve. Metal sealing butterfly valve seals due to the flexibility of small, usually eccentric structure, especially the use of three-dimensional eccentric structure is more reasonable. (B) to evaluate and test valve performance: The special requirements of the valve of their reliable quality and excellent performance. Evaluation of valve performance and performance testing, they should note the following points: 1. Valves open and close under the pressure of work flexible, lightweight, water pressure in the work under inspection with the torque wrench torque to open. 2. Valve closes tightly, at 1.1 times the working pressure without leakage or seepage under the standard requirements (metal sealed butterfly valve), which requires rotation on both sides of the valve pressure were measured, and multiple open and close to achieve the same effect. Requirements of various calibres, different types of valves should be testing at the manufacturer and are qualified to write a single call  neon lights midship  Han Shan Ti  frightened Suan U Um Zhi frightened kitchen ship  ǘ Yuan Yan Mountain Qian veranda е Ч  sodium Lan Di? / p> 3. Valve stronger over-current capability, especially in butterfly, butterfly board over-current resistance to be small, over-current effective area larger. This will require various calibres, different types of valves should be carried out flow resistance coefficient of determination. 4. The ability to withstand water pressure valve should be in line with the pipeline, that is, the valve open state, the valve can withstand the test pressure piping requirements. (C), consider the valve liner and outer anti-corrosion Valve, the transportation of drinking water equipment, valve must be lined with non-toxic, corrosion, wear, bright and clean, so that flow resistance as small as possible. If the valve pressure plate, bolts and butterfly plates of different materials, it is prone to electrochemical corrosion, rust corrosion is generated extending sealing surface, affecting the sealing effect of the valve, another valve installed in the valve wells, soaked in water to prevent corrosion is very important, therefore, to cover the complete lining and prevent corrosion caused by water secondary pollution. Anti-corrosion can be taken outside the valve polished sand, before making the electrostatic spraying non-toxic anti-corrosion epoxy resin can also be the first red lead paint brush 1-2 times, twice in the anti-rust paint brush again. Third, the valve operation and management of Valve can open and close well, not only to selection of the right valve, the product of good quality, well construction and installation, but also thoughtful management can act as "maintaining an army for a thousand days, military forces temporary" effect. Good operation and management is reflected in the following three aspects: 1. Technical details are available Valve valve factory technical information, including brochures, the valve after the purchase of a single test pass, the valve assembly and the location of cards, the valve maintenance record. For the street changes, the valve card should be up to date, sought to establish GIS management systems. 2. Valve operation and management of thoughtful Valve operation and management of the quality requirements, including the valve should be closed tightly, the valve shaft at no filler rod string leak sealing, valve open and close light, instructions intact. Valve operation and management of daily work, including the valves open and close operation of the previous orders for approval records and operational records of the perfect, open and close valves on a regular basis inspection records. There is no operation for a long time off valves, according to the size of caliber, set a different test cycle is necessary. Found that the failure should be made for the maintenance program, and timely treatment, in particular, could not be opened after the closure of the valve should be the same as for emergency repairs to burst pipes deal. 3. Valve shaft in good condition Well conditions include valve shaft valve masonry compatible with industry standards and design specifications, covers intact with the road link, the operation of the valve hole position accuracy, wells and sewage debris-free, valve surface, no rust spots. When conditions permit, the large-diameter wells to the air valve shaft should be considered in the long term convection technical measures. Wells should be regular inspections of the valves on the covers loss and damage should be a timely manner.