美国签证签发和拒签的常见问题
签证官如何决定批准或拒绝一个申请人的签证申请？
《美国移民和国籍法》中第 214 条 (b) 款规定:每位外国人在申请签证时都将首先被假定具有移民倾向，除非他能使领事官员确信其具有非移民资格......
申请人要想符合得到非移民签证的资格，必须满足《美国移民和国籍法》中第 214 条 (b) 款的要求，否则将被依法拒签。214 条 (b) 款中最基本的要求是申请人必须在美国境外有不想放弃的住所,大多数申请人都是由于无法证明这一点而被拒签的。申请人可通过出示自己在美国境外有迫使其在美短暂停留后必须回国的约束力来证明这个住所的存在。依据美国法律，每一位申请人都必须做出证明。
美国是一个开放的社会。对在其国内的旅游者并不象其它国家那样加以控制，比如强迫旅游者在当地政府登记。为了让外国人毫无负担地在美国旅游,外国人有责任在获得旅游或留学签证前证明自己会离美回国。美国移民法要求签证官把每个申请人都看作有移民意图，除非申请人能证明自己无此目的。
“约束力”？
牢固的“约束力”因国家、城市和个人情况的差异而不同。“约束力”是指迫使您在祖国或某地居住的各种关系，如: 您的财产、职业、社会及家庭关系。个人的工作和收入、住宅或公寓、汽车、亲近的家庭成员及银行存款等都包括在内。签证官采用分别处理的方法来研究申请人的职业、社会、文化和其它关系。由于年轻的申请人无法建立这些关系，签证官就要审查他们赴美的确切意图、家庭情况及其在国内的长期发展计划和前景。所有签证申请都依据法律被单独处理。
为什么所有被拒签的申请人都得到相同的文件说明被拒签的原因？例如，学生签证和旅游签证的拒签理由总该有所不同吧？
很多签证申请都是依据《美国移民和国籍法》中的第 214 条 (b) 款被拒签的。大多数被拒签的人都是由于不能证明自己在美国以外有足够牢固的约束力,无法使签证官相信其在美短暂停留后肯定回国。许多人都认为有一份特殊的文件或一种特殊的回答可以使他在几天或几星期后再次申请时得到签证。这种文件或回答是不存在的。申请人被拒签是因为整体情况不符合条件。申请人应在整体情况有了较大变化后再申请签证。比如：刚毕业的待业学生，应在就业一段时间后再申请签证。
签证官每年要处理成千上万份签证申请。凭经验，他们可以迅速审看签证表格和其它辅助材料以减少提问。请记住，签证官所需信息绝大部分已在签证申请表上，通常无需多问问题。
申请签证时，我已向签证官表示在美国做短暂停留后一定返回中国。为什么签证官不相信我？
签证官必须先衡量您的整体情况，然后再决定是否发给您签证。虽然本人的口头陈述对获得签证有一定帮助，但是根据美国法律规定，仅凭口头保证不能证明您符合非移民签证的条件。
基于 214(b) 条款的拒签是{yj}性拒签吗？
不是。如果您已备有{dy}次申请时签证官未曾审阅过的新材料，或自上一次被拒签后整体情况已有显著改变，您就能再次申请签证,我们会进行恰当的审理。
拒签后何时再次申请并没有时间限制。只要能提交能够证明您符合得到非移民签证条件的补充文件或证明，您就可以重新申请。
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提前给我们写信没有用。您应该在面谈时带上这封信和其它材料。面谈的时候才是审核申请人材料最恰当的场合。
问题不在于您所递交的文件，而是通过文件所显示的您的整体情况不能xx您有移民倾向的假设。请牢记，美国法律假定您有移民倾向，您必须能证明您的整体情况会迫使您在访美后离美回国。
使馆没有足够的人力资源接待每一位希望与领事官员直接讨论签证个案的人。因此我们无法就个别案例安排会谈。但所有申请人都有权得到礼貌、高效、平等的待遇。若您感觉在申请签证时受到了不公正的待遇，请给使馆发传真说明事情经过。若经调查属实，我们将加以改正。签证处的传真号是（86-10）8531-3333。
五．美国面签常见问题锦集
1) What will you study in the United States?
2) What is your major? In what aspect of your major will you study? What is your favorite subject? Can it be used to military utilities ?
3) What will you do in USA?
4) Are you going to study in USA?
5) When/where did you get your BS/MS?
6) What/where are you working now?
7) How long will you study in USA?
8) Have you any scholarship?
9) What do you want to study in USA?
10) What do you do with your work for MS/phd?
11) What is your purpose for the visa?
12) What is your academic background?
13) How do you know this Univ.?
14) What is your plan? What will you do after graduation? Why? what kind of job can you find in the future?
15) Give me three reasons that you will come back to China?
16) Can you explain why 90% Chinese students didn't come back?
17) Why do you choose this Univ.?
18) Why do you like your major?
19) Why do you want to study in USA?
20) Why do you want to pursue a master's/doctoral degree?
21) Why do you receive financial aid from this Univ.?
22) What is the difficult class do you have?
23) Do you want your wife to go with you?
24) What's your name?
25) What institution did you attend and what was your major?
26) What have you Done after you graduated from university?
27) Why do you want go to the United States for further study?
28) Why do you think it is time for you to pursue master's/doctoral degree now?xxx in the US?
30) Many universities in the China offer first--rate graduate programs in xx x. Why do you want to go to the USA for graduate study?
31) What is your ultimate academic goal?
32) To how many institutions have you applied, and who are they? Any other school admits you?
33)Why did you choose xxxxxx University? How much do you know about the university?
34)Do you have any relatives in the United States?
35)What do your parents do?
36)How much do you expect you will have to spend each year in the United States?
37)How do you support yourself during your studies in the United States?
38)Do you plan to seek Financial support in the US?
39)Who will be your sponsor? How much is his annal income and what will be the amount you will receive annually? Do you have a bank deposit certification?
40)Do you plan to seek employment in the US after you have completed your studies?
41) How long does it take to commute to your work place?
42) What do you think of the West Development in China?
43) How long have you prepared your visa interview? Have u prepared the interview in New Oriental?
44) How long have you prepared for GRE? Did you cheat?
45) Are you a worker or a student now?
46) Where are you from? Where is your hometown?
47)How much do you earn now? How much will you earn when you come back?
48) Do you know which school is the best in your major? What else? 49) What does your major mean?
50) What will you study in this major? What courses?
51) If you say you will be a teacher in the future, what will you teach?
52) What's the difference between your major now and the major in USA?
53)When are you going to enter US?
54)What is your dream?
55)What is the thing you like best in America ,or the thing you like best in China?
56)Then what is the thing you don't like most in China?
57)Can you give an example of your topic that is applied in our living?
58)Why do you change your major ?
59)What is your favorite pet? Why?
60)What's your best/worst quality。
61)What do you think is the best/worst thing of the U.S?
62) Have you ever been to nations aside of China? Have you ever gone abroad?
63)What's your favorite food?
64) Have you any bank deposit?
65) What kind of works you will do for this assistantship? What's your duty as a TA/RA?
66) Is your transcript original?
67) How old are you?
68)Have you any relatives in US?
69) When did you join the T/G test?
70)What score did you get in T/G test?
71)课程概述. Can you talk something about the course XX?
72) Do you have sisters or brothers?
73) How long have you been in Beijing?
74) Why did you live in Beijing?
75)What's you hobby? What do you do in your spare time?
76) What is your current project in your company? What are you responsible for in your present post?
77) How many years have your worked?
78)Can you tell me which assistantship they give you? TA or RA。
79) What will you teach?
80) What is your favorite American movie?
81) Who do you think is the best president of the US?
82) Where is your HUKOU(户口)？
83)Do you have a girlfriend? Where is she? Are you sure your gf will keep relation with you during your graduate study?
84) Do you think who is the greatest leader in the world? Why?
85) Who is your advisor?
86) Have you any scholarship?
87)Which is your favorite restaurant (cafe)？
88) What's the difference between your major now and the major in USA?
89) Where do you live? Where will you live?
90) Why did you choose your present job?
91)what will you do if you can not find a position in the big comanies/ xxx university?
92)Your assistantship is for one year, then how about the following years?
93)what is your dissertation about? what is your specific research of your undergraduate paper?
94)You can also make more of this kind of money in US, why don't you want to earn more? why you come back to China instead of finding a job in America?
95)Where is your company located in?
96)So what development/programming tools do you use?(CS)
97) Have you business card? Do you have a name card?
98) Why have you quit your job?
99) How did you take GRE?
100)Is xxxxxxx the first university to give you the offer?
101) Will you come back to this company after graduation?
102)What have you done in your research?
103)Are you a top student in your school? What about your ranking in your cl ass?
104) Do u have a cup of coffee every morning？
105)what kind of computer do you have?
106)what is your favorite color?
107) (Set up my own company about****) Is it dificult?
108) Would you like to accept the yellow card and go to window ?
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