Ａ、磁盘配额作用限制普通用户使用磁盘空间，不至于因为个别人的浪费而影响到其它人的正常使用；
Ｂ、需要内核的支持； Ｃ、只有Ext2/Ext3文件系统目前支持这种功能； Ｄ、需要用户程序quota软件包. １）、使用usrquota，grpquota选项挂载一个分区，xx内核的支持（只能在分区上做） ２）、方法：#mount –o usrquota,grpquota /dev/sdb1 /mnt/d1 或 mount –o remount,usrquota,grpquota / (因为根目录已经挂载过，可重新挂载) ３）、init 1 （进入单用户环境来配置） -c： 创建create； –v：更详细地表述；–u：用户user；–g：组group；-a：所有all ５）、edquota –u <username>为指定用户分配磁盘空间和节点数量 ６）、quota命令可以查看用户的配额使用情况 如：[root@localhost root]# ls /mnt cdrom floppy [root@localhost root]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1/ mkfs.ext3: bad blocks count - /mnt/sd1/ [root@localhost root]# mkfs.ext3 -f /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1/ [root@localhost root]# fdisk -l 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 250 522 2192872+ 83 Linux [root@localhost root]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 274176 inodes, 548218 blocks 27410 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 16128 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@localhost root]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1 -o usrquota,grpquota /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw) none on /proc type proc (rw) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/sdb1 on /mnt/sd1 type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota) [root@localhost root]# more /etc/mtab /dev/sda1 / ext3 rw 0 0 none /proc proc rw 0 0 usbdevfs /proc/bus/usb usbdevfs rw 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts rw,gid=5,mode=620 0 0 none /dev/shm tmpfs rw 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1 ext3 rw,usrquota,grpquota 0 0 [root@localhost root]# quotacheck –cvuga <------- quotacheck: Scanning /dev/sdb1 [/mnt/sd1] done [root@localhost root]# ls /mnt/sd1/ aquota.group aquota.user lost+found aquota.group 和aquota.user两个数据文件，用来分配组和用户的配额情况。 [root@localhost root]# quotaon 或reboot或quotaon /dev/sdb1 [root@localhost root]# edquota -u redhat Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 502): Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard /dev/sdb1 125 10 0 80 0 10 注：blocks表示：块的数量；inodes表示：节点的数量或建立文件的个数； hard表示：硬限制，这是一个任何时候也不能超过的数值，永远不可能达到。 [root@localhost root]# \ls /mnt/sd1 aquota.group aquota.user lost+found [root@localhost root]# mkdir /mnt/sd1/redhat [root@localhost root]# chown redhat /mnt/sd1/redhat/ [root@localhost root]# su - redhat [redhat@localhost redhat]$ pwd /home/redhat [redhat@localhost redhat]$ cd /mnt/sd1/redhat/ [redhat@localhost redhat]$ pwd [redhat@localhost redhat]$ quota Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 502): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace /dev/sdb1 4 10 0 1 0 9 [redhat@localhost redhat]$ ls -lh total 8.0K drwxrwxr-x 2 redhat redhat 4.0K Mar 12 22:41 dir [redhat@localhost redhat]$ ls -ld drwxr-xr-x 4 redhat root 4096 Mar 12 22:41 . [redhat@localhost redhat]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=file1 bs=1k count=1024 1024+0 records in 1024+0 records out [redhat@localhost redhat]$ quota -u redhat Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 502): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace /dev/sdb1 1040* 10 0 6days 4 0 9 [redhat@localhost redhat]$ touch file2 [redhat@localhost redhat]$ touch file3 [redhat@localhost redhat]$ touch file4 [redhat@localhost redhat]$ touch file5 [redhat@localhost redhat]$ ls file1 file2 file3 file4 file5 Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 502): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace /dev/sdb1 1032* 10 0 6days 6 0 9 [redhat@localhost redhat]$ touch file7 [redhat@localhost redhat]$ touch file8 [redhat@localhost redhat]$ touch file9 sd(8,17): write failed, user file limit reached. touch: creating `file9': Disk quota exceeded [redhat@localhost redhat]$ touch file10 touch: creating `file10': Disk quota exceeded Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 502): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace /dev/sdb1 1032* 10 0 6days 9* 0 9 [redhat@localhost redhat]$ cat /etc/fstab LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom udf,iso9660 noauto,owner,kudzu,ro 0 0 /dev/sdb5 /mnt/sdb5 ext3 defaults 0 0 [root@localhost root]# repquota -a *** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sdb1 Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days Block limits File limits ---------------------------------------------------------------------- root -- 20 0 0 2 0 0 redhat +- 1032 10 0 7days 9 0 9 #quotaoff /mnt/sdb1 #edquota –u redhat /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sb1 ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 0 0 保存退出！ 取消磁盘配额的方法： 1）、使用命令quotaoff –a 关闭对应磁盘分区上的配额文件 2）、可编辑/etc/fstab文件 3）、删除/mnt/sd1目录下的aquota.usr、aquota.group两个数据库文件. |
