译文：
过滤器主要用来去除水中的杂质、泥砂、发出异味或其他不利于口感的物质。一般说来，城市自来水均已经净化到一定的程度，水中常见的悬浮物主要有泥砂或铁锈等，主要是自备井的供水净化不够 ( 近年来在一些相对较远的小区有不少自备井供水 ) 或是高位水箱、管道输入中的二次污染造成，也有些是水质硬度造成的水垢等 ( 有时尽管我们用肉眼看不到任何颗粒状悬浮物，但是如果在家用水龙头的下方接上一个过滤器，很快就可以看到会有一些污物 ) 。在很多中小城市或乡镇，水质不够洁净，过滤处理是必要的；对于已经很洁净的供水，如果要进行超滤、反渗透处理，过滤作为预处理也是很重要的。 目前生活中可能用到的过滤处理主要有多介质过滤 ( 砂滤 ) 、滤芯过滤、活性炭及 KDF 过滤等，其主要作用是： 1、多介质过滤 ( 一般是砂滤 ) 用于去除悬浮物及部分胶体或铁离子等，大多数情况都需要； 2、活性炭 可以用来去除有机物、胶体、过多的余氯等，一般情况下都需要； 3、PP 棉或其他材质滤芯的超滤 可以用来去除大多数的除悬浮物、胶体、有机物 ( 少量 ) 等，属于较精细的过滤，多数情况下需要； 4、KDF 可以 用于去除重金属离子或其他有害物质，当进水中有可能存在有害物质时需要，xx配置的系统中为了安全也可能会装。 目前市场上常见到的家用水过滤设备基本上都是在这个范围内的，最常见的及最常用的过滤器以滤芯式的为主 ( 有活性炭滤芯及超滤的滤芯 ) 。 常见滤芯式过滤器的作用、样式及安装： 滤芯式过滤器属于较精细的过滤 ，可以去除水中的悬浮物 ( 泥砂 / 铁锈等 ) 、胶体 ( 主要是粒径较小的物质 ) 、部分有机物 ( 可以去除部分色 / 味 , 以改善水的外观和口感 ) 等。采用超滤滤芯所构成的过滤器可以达到极好的过滤效果，但是经过这样过滤后，水中的离子含量基本不受影响，所以水的硬度指标不受影响，水中的xx、病毒及有害的重金属等，其含量也基本不受太大的影响。一般情况下，在多数高含盐量地区 ( 北方地区或近海地区 ) ，不建议将仅经过超滤处理后的水做为直接饮用水使用。 常见的家用滤芯式过滤器 一般为下图所示的样子，主要由一只塑料滤壳、顶盖及滤芯组成。接口一般有 4 分 (1/2" 或 6 分 (3/4" 两种，根据所装滤芯的长度，可以分为 10" 或 20" 等规格。建议根据自己的安装条件来选择，在可能的情况下，选择大一些的更好些，可以提供更大的容量。其安装也较为简单，直接接好进出水管即可。滤芯有一定的使用寿命，需要根据实际情况及时更换 ( 原滤芯一般可以进行少数几次的简单冲洗，其后应予以抛弃 ) 。 常见滤芯 滤芯接头一般为国际通用的三种型式： 222 接头、 226 接头、平口，可以采用的滤芯有很多种：熔喷滤芯、线绕滤芯 ( 又称为绕丝滤芯、线缠绕滤芯 ) 、折叠滤芯是最常用的，主要用于去除水中的悬浮污物及有机物、胶体等物质。 熔喷过滤芯 由聚丙烯超细纤维热熔缠结制成，纤维在空间随机形成三维微孔结构，微孔孔径沿滤液流向呈梯度分布，集表面、深层、粗精过滤于 — 体，可截留不同粒径的杂质。滤芯精度范围 0.5-100um ，其通量是同等精度蜂房滤芯的 1.5 倍以上，可配置不同型号的端盖接头，满足各种工程安装的需要。用途适用于饮料用水、生活用水、超纯水设备保安系统以及油田注水，化学药液，电镀液等电子、石油、化工、医药、食品行业的液体过滤。 线绕滤芯 是由具有良好过滤性能的纺织纤维纱线精密缠绕在多孔骨架上精制而成的。其纱线材料有丙纶纤维、晴纶纤维、脱脂棉纤维等。缠绕时通过控制纱线的缠绕松紧度和稀密度，可以制成不同精度的过滤芯，能有效去除各种液体的悬浮物、颗粒杂质等，对各种液体有较高的净化效果。 折叠式微孔滤芯 采用聚丙烯 (Polypropylene) 热喷纤维膜 , 尼龙 (Nylonb) 、聚四氟乙烯 (PTEE) 微孔滤膜等为过滤介质制作成的精密过滤器件，具有体积小，过滤面积大，精度高等特点。过滤精度范围可从 0.1um 至 60um 。滤芯端盖密封及整体结构连接均采用热熔粘接。 活性炭滤芯 是很常用的，生活饮用水处理所用的活性炭必须是特定材质的 ( 目前为果壳炭等植物炭居多 ) 。活性炭滤芯一般是以优质的果壳炭为原料 ( 有时根据情况会含有少量煤质活性炭 ) ，辅以食品级粘合剂，经特殊工艺加工而成，它集吸附、过滤、截获、催化作用于一体，能有效去除水中的有机物、余氯及其他放射性物质，并有脱色、去除异味的功效。主要用于去除水中的颜色和气味，可以去除余氯，改善口感，并对后级可能采用的反渗透膜直到一定的保护作用。 活性炭滤芯主要有颗粒状滤芯或压缩滤芯两种。 颗粒状滤芯：基本构成是填充在特定支架中的颗粒状活性炭。组成简单，成本低，但是易受损漏炭，使用寿命及效果不是非常稳定。 压缩活性炭滤芯： 总体来说，压缩性活性炭滤芯的效果更好一些，其产品特点是： 1 、由特殊的无纺布缠绕碳棒内外，以及表面多孔性的高密度碳层使其纳污能力大大提高，延长使用寿命。 2 、集吸附、过滤、截获、催化等作用于一体，并具有耐酸、碱及各种有机溶液，比颗粒活性碳更具有过滤能力。去除杂质更彻底，是目前替代颗粒活性炭较为理想的新型换代产品。 3 、具有良好的除氯、除臭、除有机化合物的性能。其中椰壳碳滤芯对三卤甲烷（ THM's ）具有良好的效果。 4 、去除水中的孢子、石棉、铅、微生物等目前广泛存在于水中的对人体有害的污染物。

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原文：
Filter is mainly used to remove impurities in the water, sediment, odor, or other non-conducive to taste substances. Generally speaking, the city's tap water have been purified to a certain extent, a common suspended solids in water are mainly silt or rust, are primarily waterworks and own wells for water purification is not enough (relatively distant in recent years in some quarters there is a lot of self - Well water supplies) or high water storage tanks, pipes enter the secondary pollution caused by, but some are caused by water hardness scale, etc. (sometimes with the naked eye even though we do not see any of suspended particulate matter, but if you tap the bottom of the connected home a filter, and soon you will see there will be some dirt). In many medium and small cities or towns, not enough clean water, filtering processing is necessary; for the already very clean water, if you want to ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, filtration as a pretreatment is also very important. Now living may be used in a number of filters on major media filter (sand filter), filter filtration, activated carbon and KDF filtration and so on, whose main role is to: 1, multi-media filter (usually sand filter) is used to remove suspended solids and some of the colloidal or iron ions, in most cases need to; 2, activated carbon can be used to remove organic matter, colloid, too much residual chlorine, etc., under normal circumstances require; 3, PP cotton or other material of the ultrafiltration filter can be used to remove most of the addition to suspended solids, colloids, organic matter (small), etc., belong to the more sophisticated filtering, in most cases needs; 4, KDF can be used to remove heavy metal ions or other harmful substances, when the water in the presence of hazardous substances may be needed, high-end configuration of the system may also be installed for safety. A common market to the domestic water filtration equipment are basically in this context, the most common and most commonly used filters to filter the main style (with activated carbon filter and the ultrafiltration filter). Common Cartridge Filter role, style and installation of: Cartridge filters are a more sophisticated filtering, you can remove the water of suspended matter (sediment / rust, etc.), colloidal (mainly the smaller size of the material), and some organic matter (you can remove some color / flavor, in order to improve appearance and taste of water), etc.. Posed by ultrafiltration filter using the filter can achieve excellent filtering effect, but after that After filtration, the water ion content not affected, so the water hardness indicator is not affected, the water of bacteria, viruses and harmful heavy metals and its content has been largely free from too much impact. Under normal circumstances, in most high-salinity areas (Northern areas or offshore areas), is not recommended will only be processed through the ultrafiltration of water as a direct drinking water use. Common household filter type filter shown in general for the next appearance, mainly by a plastic filter shell, cover, and filter composition. Interface typically has four points (1 / 2 "or 6 points (3 / 4" two kinds, depending on the length of the filter installed, can be divided into 10 "or 20" and other specifications. Recommended the installation conditions according to their own choice, in the where possible, the choice of some of the better and can provide greater capacity. its installation is relatively simple, direct access can be a good access to water. filter have a certain life situation in a timely manner according to the actual replacement (former filter in general can be a simple wash a few times, then it should be discarded). Common Filter Filter connectors are generally three types of international general: 222 connector, 226 connector, flat mouth, a filter can be used there are many: melt-blown filters, string wound filter cartridge (also known as winding wire filters, wire wound filter core), folded filter is the most commonly used, mainly used to remove dirt and organic matter suspended in water, colloids and other substances. Melt-blown polypropylene microfiber filter core from the tangles made of hot-melt, fiber forming three-dimensional microporous randomly in space structures, micro-pore size filtrate flows along the gradient distribution, set the surface, deep, coarse and fine filter at the - body, can be retain different size impurities. Filter accuracy range 0.5-100um, the flux is the same accuracy for more than 1.5 times the honeycomb filter can be configured to cover different types of connectors to meet the needs of a variety of engineering installation. Use for drinks water, domestic water, ultra-pure water equipment, security systems, as well as oil field water, chemical liquid, electroplate liquid and other electronic, petroleum, chemical industry, medicine, food industry, liquid filtration. Wound filter is a good filtration performance precision winding of textile yarn in porous skeleton crafted. The yarn materials polypropylene fiber, acrylic fiber, cotton fiber. When winding the yarn by controlling the tightness of winding and dilute the density can be made over different precision filter can effectively remove a variety of liquid suspended solids, particles and other impurities, for a variety of liquids have a high purification effect. Folding micro-filter using polypropylene (Polypropylene) thermal spraying fiber membrane, nylon (Nylonb), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTEE) microporous membrane such as a filter medium made into a precision filter parts, with a small size, large filter area and high accuracy. Filtering accuracy can range from 0.1um to 60um. Filter cover seal and the overall structure of the hot-melt adhesives are used to connect. Activated carbon filters are very common, life of activated carbon used in drinking water treatment must be specific material (currently mostly fruit shell charcoal carbon and other plants). Activated carbon filters in general is a high-quality fruit shell charcoal as raw material (and sometimes under the circumstances may contain a small amount of activated carbon from coal), supplemented with food-grade adhesive, processed by special technology, which combines adsorption, filtration, intercepted, catalytic role in the one, can effectively remove the organic matter in water, residual chlorine and other radioactive substances, and a bleaching to remove odors. Is mainly used to remove color and odor in water, you can remove chlorine and improve taste, and after the class may be used in reverse osmosis membrane up to a certain degree of protection. Granular activated carbon filters are mainly two kinds of filters or compression filter. Granular filter: basic composition is filled in a particular stent in the granular activated carbon. Composed of simple, low cost, but easily damaged carbon leakage, and effect of life is not very stable. Compress active carbon filter: Overall, the compression effect of activated carbon filter better, their product features are: 1, from a special non-woven wound carbon rod inside and outside, as well as the surface of porous high-density carbon layer so that it greatly increased pollutant carrying capacity, extended service life. 2, set adsorption, filtration, intercepted, such as the role of catalyst in one, and has acid, alkali and various organic solvents, activated carbon particles is more than the filtering capabilities. A more thorough removal of impurities, is the ideal alternative to granular activated carbon a new generation product. 3, has good chlorine, odor, in addition to the performance of organic compounds. Coconut shell carbon filter in which pairs of trihalomethanes (THM's) with good results. 4, removal of spores in water, asbestos, lead, microorganisms such as is widely present in the water harmful pollutants.