译文：
一、工作原理 旋塞阀plug valve: 用带通孔的塞体作为启闭件的阀门。塞体随阀杆转动，以实现启闭动作。小型无填料的旋塞阀又称为“考克”。旋塞阀的塞体多为圆锥体（也有圆柱体），与阀体的圆锥孔面配合组成密封副。旋塞阀是使用最早的一种阀门，结构简单、开关迅速、流体阻力小。普通旋塞阀靠精加工的金属塞体与阀体间的直接接触来密封，所以密封性较差，启闭力大，容易磨损，通常只能用于低（不高于1兆帕）和小口径（小于100毫米）的场合。为了扩大旋塞阀的应用范围，已研制出许多新型结构。油润滑旋塞阀是最重要的一种（见图[油润滑旋塞阀]）。特制的润滑脂从塞体顶端注入阀体锥孔与塞体之间，形成油膜以减小启闭力矩，提高密封性和使用寿命。它的工作压力可达64兆帕，{zg}工作温度可达325℃,{zd0}口径可达600毫米。 旋塞阀的通道有多种形式。常见的直通式主要用于截断流体。三通和四通式旋塞阀适用于流体换向旋塞阀的启闭件是一个有孔的圆柱体，绕垂直于通道的轴线旋转，从而达到启闭通道的目的。旋塞阀主要供开启和关闭管道和设备介质之用。 二、适用场合 由于旋塞阀的关闭件是成柱塞形的旋转阀，通过旋转90o使阀塞上的通道与阀体上的通道相合或分开，达到启闭阀门的作用，所以旋塞阀最适用与快速启闭的场合；另外，由于旋塞阀结构特点所致，它主要用于切断和接通介质以及分配和改变介质流动方向的场合；但依据适用的性质和密封面的耐冲蚀性，有时也可应用于节流的场合；另外，由于旋塞阀密封面之间运动带有擦拭作用，而且在全启时可以xx防止与流动介质的接触，故通常也能用于带悬浮颗粒的介质；旋塞阀的另一个重要特性时它易于适应多通道结构，以致一个阀门可以获得两个、三个，甚至四个不同的流道，这样可以简化管道系统的设计，用一个替代几个阀，减少阀门的用量以及设备中需要 的一些连接配件。 旋塞阀广泛的应用于油田和气田的开采、输送和精练设备中；同时也广泛地应用于石油化工、化工、天然气、液化石油气、煤气、暖通行业以及食品工业、制药工业系统中。 无润滑式带衬套地旋塞阀，应用于石油化工、化工等行业，尤其用在不允许适用润滑剂地介质中。 旋塞阀已广泛应用于石油、化工、液化气、食品、制药、城建、等各部门，以及人们日常生活中。 三、主要优点 1、适用于经常操作，启闭迅速、轻便。 2、流体阻力小。 3、结构简单，相对体积小，重量轻，便于维修。 4、密封性能好 5、不受安装方向的限制，介质的流向可任意。 6、无振动，噪声小。

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原文：
1, the working principle Plug valves plug valve: use with hole-plug as the valve open and close cases. With the stem-plug rotation, in order to achieve open and close movement. Small non-filler plug valves, also known as "Hancock." Plug Valve's mostly cone-plug (also cylinder), with cone valve bore sealing surface with the composition of the Deputy. Plug Valve is to use the first of a valve, simple structure, switch quickly, the fluid resistance. Common plug valves rely on finishing the metal plug body and valve body to direct contact between the seal, so tightness poor, hoisting force, easy to wear, usually only for low (no higher than 1 MPa) and small diameter (less than 100 mm) occasions. In order to expand the scope of application plug valves, has developed many new structures. Oil-lubricated plug valves are the most important one (see Figure [oil-lubricated plug valves]). A special grease into the valve body from the top of taper-plug-plug between the hole and form a film to reduce the headstock torque, to improve sealing and service life. Its working pressure of up to 64 MPa, the maximum working temperature of up to 325 ℃, maximum diameter of up to 600 mm. Plug Valve channel take many forms. Commonly used to cut straight through the main fluid. Three and four-way type plug valves for fluid exchange to the stopcock to open and close cases is a cylindrical hole, around the axis perpendicular to the channel rotation, so as to achieve the purpose of open and close channels. Plug valves primarily intended for opening and closing pipes and equipment, media purposes. 2, suitable occasion As the stopcock plunger closure piece is shaped into a rotary valve, through the rotary valve Frontier 90o to the channel on the channel coincide with the valve body or separately, to the role of open and close valves, plug valves so the most appropriate and rapid Kai closed occasion; addition, since the plug valves due to structural characteristics, which is mainly used to cut off and the connection of media and media distribution and changes in flow direction of the occasion; but the nature and basis for resistance to erosion of the sealing surface, and sometimes can also be applied to throttle occasions; addition, since the stopcock between the sealing surface with a polished campaign role, but also in the full-Kai when completely prevent contact with the mobile medium, it often can also be used with suspended particles of medium; Plug Valve Another important feature when it is easy to adapt to multi-channel structure, so that a valve can get two, three, even four different flow channel, so that you can simplify the design of piping systems, with a few replacement valve, reducing valve door use as well as equipment needed for the number of connected components. Plug valves widely used in oil and gas exploration, transmission and refining equipment; but also widely used in petrochemical, chemical, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gas, HVAC industry and the food industry, pharmaceutical industry systems. Without lubrication-type with a bush to plug valves, used in petrochemical, chemical industry, in particular, does not allow application of lubricant to be used in media. Plug valves have been widely used in petroleum, chemical, liquefied gas, food, pharmaceuticals, urban construction, and other departments, and people's daily life. 3, the main advantages of 1, applicable to the regular operation, open and close quickly, lightweight. 2, the fluid resistance. 3, simple structure, relatively small size, light weight, ease of maintenance. 4, good sealing performance 5, without restrictions on mounting direction, the flow of media can be arbitrary. 6, no vibration, noise.