译文：
摘要：提出一种新型结构带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀，这种气阀缓冲片中心无弹性臂，自身设计成为一弹性体，因而缓冲片工作过程应力小，自身刚性系数大，缓冲片弹簧力大，气阀的可靠性较高。运用有限元法计算自弹缓冲片刚性系数、工作过程应力及等效运动质量，并建立相应的气阀工作过程数学模型。带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀应用于一系列大!中型压缩机气阀设计或改造，效果良好。 关键词：压缩机；网状阀；自弹缓冲片；可靠性；数学模型；应用 ０　引言 气阀是往复式压缩机中最重要也是最易损坏的部件之一[1]。网状阀是大中型往复式压缩机普遍采用的阀型。传统无摩擦带缓冲片网状阀其缓冲片靠中心固定部位有弹性臂，缓冲片在弹簧力作用下的弹性变形主要是弹性臂的变形。这种缓冲片弹性臂工作过程应力较大，而自身刚性系数较小。很多场合下，需要缓冲片自身有较高的刚性系数，从而能采用较大的缓冲片弹簧力，以增大缓冲效果，但同时缓冲片工作过程应力又不能太大，以免导致缓冲片可靠性下降，这时，传统缓冲片弹性臂很难设计[2]。为此，本文提出一种带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀[3]。 １　带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀结构 带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀结构见图1，其中从上至下依次为阀座、阀片、升程垫片、自弹缓冲片及升程限制器。升程限制器上有弹簧孔，其中靠外侧略小的弹簧孔内装有压在缓冲片上的弹簧，称之为缓冲片弹簧；靠内侧略大的弹簧孔内装有压在阀片上的弹簧，称之为阀片弹簧。带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀与传统无摩擦带缓冲片网状阀不同的是，其缓冲片靠中心固定部位没有弹性臂，缓冲片自身设计成为一弹性体，因而这种缓冲片称之为自弹缓冲片。自弹缓冲片各环之间由筋连接，其在缓冲片弹簧力作用下的弹性变形主要是指各连接筋的变形。自弹缓冲片除最外环外，里面各环由直槽断开。这样，一方面阀片弹簧可以从这些槽中穿过压在阀片上，另一方面可以降低缓冲片自身的刚度。 ２　自弹缓冲片计算 图1所示压缩机网状阀自弹缓冲片俯视图见图2，自弹缓冲片中心紧贴升程垫片的部位为固定部位，最外环外圆为自由端，图2中A~H处压有缓冲片弹簧。显然，在缓冲片弹簧力的作用下，缓冲片存在变形与应力。缓冲片的{zd0}挠度在最外环外圆处，{zd0}拉应力在连接筋根部与中心固定环接合部位。 自弹缓冲片各环挠度不一样，用单质点数学模型分析气阀的运动规律时，缓冲片的运动质量则需采用等效运动质量[4]。自弹缓冲片等效运动质量可由瑞利法求得。以自弹缓冲片的静态挠曲面作为振动形状[5]，采用有限元方法计算时，自弹缓冲片的等效运动质量Med为 对于图1所示自弹缓冲片，其最外环外径为332mm，筋宽为16mm，中心固定环外径为74mm升程垫片外径为52mm，最外环宽为13mm，中间各环宽为10mm，环与环间槽宽为5mm，缓冲片厚为2mm，缓冲片弹簧中心所在圆直径为312mm各环切开槽宽为30mm时，通过ANSYS软件进行有限元分析[6]，得到自弹缓冲片的刚性系数为3214kN/m，等效运动质量为01318kg。当缓冲片的{zd0}挠度为1mm时，缓冲片{zd0}拉应力为4416MPa。 与传统存在弹性臂的无摩擦网状阀缓冲片相比而言，自弹缓冲片的刚性系数大许多，因而可以承受较大的缓冲片弹簧力，缓冲效果好，气阀倾侧运动的幅度小；{zd0}挠度相同时，自弹缓冲片{zd0}应力却小得多，因而自身有良好的可靠性[2]。 自弹缓冲片的刚性系数容易按要求进行调整，如改变自弹缓冲片的厚度、连接筋的数目、宽度以及长度等。 带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀工作过程中，阀片与阀座、升程限制器存在碰撞，碰撞前后的速度关系为 阀片开启过程中，还存在与自弹缓冲片的碰撞，把阀片与自弹缓冲片的碰撞当作xx非弹性碰撞[4]，可得如下边界条件： 带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀工作过程的数学模型中，初始条件与环状阀一样[1]，此时曲轴转角为开启角，相应的气缸内气体压力由阀片所受气体力与阀片弹簧力相等这一关系确定，阀片初始状态下位移、速度、流过气阀的气体质量、气阀能量损失均为0。 上述数学模型通过四阶龙格-库塔法求解[1]，这样能获得气阀的运动规律、通流能力以及能量损失。其中运动规律对气阀的经济性及可靠性影响很大。为验证上述数学模型，本文在LW-22/8无油空压机上采用带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀。测得的一级盖侧吸气阀运动规律与模拟的气阀运动规律见图3。从图3可知，采用上述数学模型模拟的气阀运动规律基本上能反映气阀的实际运动规律。 良好的气阀运动规律要求气阀能够及时开启、及时关闭以及有较长的全开期，同时气阀运动元件碰撞速度小，可靠性高。 对带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀运动规律进行分析，显然，自弹缓冲片及缓冲片弹簧的存在能有效降低阀片与升程限制器的碰撞速度。相对传统无摩擦带缓冲片网状阀而言，带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀可以适当提高自弹缓冲片的刚性系数及缓冲片弹簧力，相应把阀片弹簧力略微降低，更有利于气阀及时开启、及时关闭，同时也有利于降低阀片与升程限制器、阀座的碰撞速度。 通过对带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀进行优化[4]，自弹缓冲片在弹簧力作用下的{zd0}静态挠度为升程的40%左右较为合适。 ４　带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀应用 带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀已经应用于一系列大中型压缩机气阀设计或改造，效果良好。下面以H22Ⅲ-165/320氮氢气压缩机气阀改造为例说明。 H22Ⅲ-165/320氮氢气压缩机是为单机年产2万吨合成氨设计的四列对称平衡型压缩机，它是目前中型合成氨装置中氮氢气压缩机的主要机型，占中型合成氨企业氮氢气压缩机总数的1/3以上。据统计，这种压缩机原{dy}级气阀的平均使用寿命约为一个月，第二级至第四级气阀平均使用寿命约为两个月。采用带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀改造后，{dy}级气阀使用寿命平均超过4个月，第二级至第四级气阀平均使用寿命超过6个月。{dy}级至第四级气阀自弹缓冲片经过长时间运行，未出现断裂。带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀目前已在全国20余家主要H22Ⅲ-165/320氮氢气压缩机运行企业推广[7]。 通过带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀的大量应用，同时对其应用效果分析表明，带自弹缓冲片压缩机网状阀具有较高的可靠性。

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原文：
Abstract: This paper presents a new structure with self-elastic mesh buffer chip compressor valves, this valve buffer chip center inelastic arm, itself designed as a flexible body, and therefore the process of stress-buffering piece of work is small, its rigidity coefficient, buffering leaf spring force, the higher the reliability of valves. The use of finite element method for calculating the elastic stiffness coefficient of the buffer film, the working process of stress and equivalent movement quality, and the establishment of a corresponding mathematical model of the working process of the valve. Compressor with self-elastic buffer chip valves used in a series of major network! Medium-sized compressor valves designed or modified to good effect. Keywords: compressor; mesh valve; since the bombs buffer tablets; reliability; mathematical model; Application 0 Introduction Reciprocating compressor valve is the most important and one of the most fragile parts . Mesh and medium-sized reciprocating compressor valve is widely used valve type. Traditional friction-free network with a buffer chip valves stick to the center piece of its fixed-site buffer flexible arm, the buffer film under the action of the spring force of elastic deformation is mainly elastic deformation of the arm. Such a buffer film stress of the work process more flexible arm, while its coefficient of less rigid. Many occasions, the need for a buffer chip itself has a higher rigidity coefficient, so that they could use a larger piece of the buffer spring force in order to increase the cushion effect, but at the same time working process of the buffer film can not stress too much, so as not to cause a buffer chip reliability fall, when the traditional buffer-chip flexible arm is difficult to design [2]. To this end, this paper presents a buffer chip with self-elastic mesh compressor valves [3]. Since the shell with a mesh buffer Vane Compressor valve structure Compressor with self-elastic cushioning piece mesh valve structure shown in Figure 1, which followed from top to bottom seat and the valve, lift pads, since the elastic buffer film and lift limiter. Lift limiter on spring hole, in which the spring slightly smaller hole through the lateral pressure in the buffer chip equipped with a spring, called a buffer chip spring; on the inside of the spring hole slightly larger than the pressure in the valve chip equipped with a spring , called the valve springs. Compressor with self-elastic cushioning piece mesh valve with traditional friction-free mesh valve with a buffer chip is different is that its center by a fixed part of the buffer chip is not flexible arm, the buffer chip itself designed as a flexible body, and therefore such a cushion, said film The self-elastic buffer chip. Since the elastic buffer chip between the various rings connected by a tendon and its spring force in the buffer film under the action of elastic deformation mainly refers to the deformation of the connecting bars. Since the buffer chip except the outer shell, the inside the ring off by the straight groove. Thus, the valve springs from the slot through the pressure in the valve on the other hand, can reduce the stiffness of the buffer chip itself. 2 calculated from the elastic buffer tablets Figure 1 shows the mesh valve from the compressor shell overlooking the buffer chip shown in Figure 2, since the elastic buffer film center close to the site of lift pads fixed location, most of the free end of cylindrical outer ring in Figure 2, A ~ H Department embossed with a buffer leaf spring. Clearly, in the buffer film under the action of spring force, there is a buffer chip deformation and stress. Buffer tablets maximum deflection in the most outer cylindrical Department, the maximum tensile stress in the tendon connecting the roots of the fixed ring occupies a position with the center. Since the elastic deflection of every ring of the buffer chip is not the same mathematical model of single-particle law of motion of the valve, the buffer chip with the equivalent movement of the quality movement Zexu quality [4]. Since the elastic buffer chip is equivalent to the quality movement can be obtained by Rayleigh. Self-elastic buffer chip surface as a vibration of the static deflection shape [5], using finite element method calculation, since the elastic buffer tablets equivalent to the quality of Med of movement Since the shell as shown in Figure 1 for a buffer film, the most outer ring outside diameter of 332mm, reinforced width 16mm, Center for the diameter of the fixed ring gasket outside diameter of 74mm lift 52mm, the outer width of 13mm, the middle of the ring width of 10mm, ring and ring between the slot width of 5mm, the buffer film thickness of 2mm, the center of the buffer leaf spring diameter of 312mm Cut Width of 30mm each ring, through the ANSYS finite element analysis software [6], to be Since the elastic stiffness coefficient of the buffer film 3214kN / m, equivalent to exercise the quality of 01318kg. When the buffer film when the maximum deflection of 1mm, the buffer chip maximum tensile stress is 4416MPa. There is flexibility with the traditional arm of the friction-free mesh valve cushion film comparison, since the elastic stiffness coefficient buffer chip number, which can withstand a larger piece of the buffer spring force, buffering effect is good, valve tilting movement in a small increase ; maximum deflection is the same, since the shells are much smaller maximum stress of the buffer chip, which itself has a good reliability [2]. Since the elastic stiffness coefficient of the buffer chip easily be adjusted as required, such as changing the thickness of films from the shell buffer, the number of connecting tendons, width and length. A buffer zone from the elastic piece mesh valve compressor working process, the valve plate and valve seat, lift limiter exists collisions, the collision rate before and after the relationship Valve opening process, there is also a buffer film and the self-elastic collisions, the valve plate and the self-elastic collisions as a buffer film completely non-elastic collision [4], the availability of the following boundary conditions: A buffer zone from the elastic piece mesh valve compressor working process of the mathematical model, the initial conditions and the same ring valves [1], this time crank angle for the opening angle, the corresponding gas pressure inside the cylinder by the valve suffered gas force and Valve spring force equal to the relationship determined the initial state of valve displacement, velocity, gas mass flow through the valve, valve energy losses are 0. The mathematical model is the fourth-order Runge - Kutta method to solve [1], so that access to valve motion law, pass flow capacity and energy loss. Law of motion of the valve in which the economy and reliability greatly. To verify the mathematical model, this paper, LW-22 / 8 on the use of oil-free compressor with self-elastic cushioning piece mesh compressor valves. Measured a suction valve cover side of the law of motion of the valve with the law of motion simulation shown in Figure 3. From Figure 3 we can see, using mathematical models to simulate the above-mentioned law of motion of the valve can basically reflect the actual law of motion of the valve. A good valve motion law of demand valve can be opened in time, timely close, as well as a longer period of full-period, while valve campaign components, impact velocity is small, and high reliability. Since the shells of the buffer chip with a mesh compressor valve motion law analysis, it is clear from the shell buffer chip and buffer films can effectively reduce the presence of spring-valve plate and lift the collision speed limiter. Compared with the traditional friction-free mesh valve with a buffer chip, the buffer chip with self-elastic mesh compressor valve can be appropriately raising the coefficient of elastic rigidity of the buffer film and buffer films spring force, the corresponding spring force the valve slightly lower, more benefit valve opened in time, timely close, but also help to reduce valve plate and lift limiter, seat of the collision velocity. By missile buffer Vane Compressor with self-optimizing mesh valve [4], since the elastic buffer films under the action of spring force at maximum static deflection of about 40% of lift is more appropriate. 4 with self-elastic mesh buffer Vane Compressor Valve Applications Compressor with self-elastic buffer film has been applied to a series of large and medium mesh valve compressor valves designed or modified to good effect. Below to H22 Ⅲ -165/320 transformation of nitrogen hydrogen gas compressor valve as examples. H22 Ⅲ -165/320 nitrogen hydrogen gas compressor is a single annual output of 20,000 tons of synthetic ammonia and design of four symmetrical balanced compressor, it is the medium-sized ammonia plant nitrogen hydrogen gas compressor of the main models, accounting for medium-sized enterprises nitrogen hydrogen ammonia compressor of the total over 1 / 3. According to statistics, the compressor of the original first-class valve, the average life of about a month, the second stage to the fourth grade the average life of about two months of valve. Use of a buffer zone from the elastic mesh sheet compressor valve reconstruction, the first-class valve lifetime average of more than 4 months, the second stage to fourth stage valve an average lifespan of more than 6 months. First grade to fourth grade valve buffer film after a long period since the bomb run, does not appear broken. Compressor with self-elastic cushioning piece mesh valves currently in the country more than 20 major H22 Ⅲ -165/320 nitrogen hydrogen gas compressor run enterprises to promote [7]. Since the shells through the buffer chip with a mesh valve compressor wide range of applications, while its application effect analysis showed that the buffer chip with self-elastic mesh compressor valves with high reliability.