译文：
针对现用高压断路器分闸速度无法有效调节的现状，提出了在断路器液压机构中加装电磁开关阀，采用不连续的流量控制以实现速度的调节。该方法可以满足高压智能操作断路器分闸速度分级调节的需要。 1　引言 断路器是电力系统中最重要的保护和控制设备，随着微机被引入断路器控制，人们开始研究智能化的断路器。本文［1］首先提出智能操作的概念，即“动触头从一个位置到另一个位置的自适应控制的转换”。随后提出智能操作实施的{dy}步可以采用分级调节［2］，即对大量额定电流以下的正常负荷电流操作和次数不多的故障电流或电容电流的开断，采用不同的2级或3级速度，实现智能操作。本文针对配液压操动机构的高压断路器的智能操作提出了应用电磁开关阀分级调速的方案原理。 2　断路器液压操动机构的操动原理及过程 断路器液压操动机构采用的液压工作缸有直动式和差动式2种。本文所要分析的常高压保持式液压机构采用差动式液压工作缸，如图1所示。图中的液压机构处于合闸状态，分闸阀关闭，合闸阀打开，活塞2端均处于高压油的作用之下，由于差动力的作用，断路器保持在合闸状态。分闸时分闸阀2打开，合闸阀6关闭，工作缸活塞杆5左侧的高压油经分闸阀2排入低压油箱1，在活塞5右侧的高压油的作用下活塞杆向左运行，带动断路器迅速分闸，{zh1}缓冲头4进入缓冲空腔中使速度下降［3］。 图2为压气式六氟化硫断路器（直动式模型断路器）的空载分闸运动特性。分闸开始阶段，运行速度以较大的加速度增加。随着速度的增加，断路器灭故分闸的加速度逐渐开始减小，但断路器的分闸运动速度保持上升。随后断路器分闸进入缓冲阶段。由于缓冲力的作用，速度下降。模型断路器操动机构的缓冲器为2级缓冲，在图2中的V－l特性上表现出2次速度的急剧降低，{zh1}分闸结束［4］。 对于断路器的分闸过程可列出活塞运动方程，将运动系统的质量全部归化到活塞，则有 3　液压操动机构调速回路分析 在液压系统中，通过调节回路流量实现速度调节的调速方式有3种［5］：①节流调速　采用定量泵供油，由流量控制阀改变流入和流出执行元件的流量以调节速度，这种系统称为阀控系统；②容积调速采用变量泵和变量马达，以改变泵或马达的排量调节速度，这种系统称为泵控系统；③容积节流调速　采用压力反馈式变量泵供油，由流量控制阀改变流入或流出执行元件的流量，进而调节速度，同时又使变量泵的流量与通过流量控制阀的流量相适应。 目前断路器液压机构在动作时由蓄能器提供能量，针对此特点应采用节流调速。在实际断路器设计制造中采用调节分闸定径孔或合闸定径孔大小的方法。该方法是一种节流调节。调节分闸定径孔即为调节液压工作缸出口流量。分闸定径孔调节的原理见图3。 对于活塞运动方程式（1），P1为蓄能器的输出压力，基本为恒值；A1、A2为定值；M、F1、F2在结构确定后特性也随之确定；B可按流体力学原理求取；P2应为从液压工作缸无杆腔至油箱的压差与油箱压力之和。从液压工作缸无杆腔至油箱的压差等于液压工作缸出口压力损失与回油路管道压力损失总和ΔP1加定径孔压力损失ΔP2。ΔP2为 由式（2）可见，液压缸活塞运动特性与定径孔压力损失系数λ有关。因此液压缸活塞速度特性的调节可以通过调节λ实现。而λ是定径孔过流面积的函数，因此液压缸活塞运动速度在其他条件不变的情况下，可通过定径孔过流面积来调节。在液压机构中以流量控制阀代替固定定径孔即可实现速度调节的功能。 4　液压操动机构流量控制阀的选择 在液压机构系统中液压阀是控制元件，其合理与否，直接影响液压机构的性能指标。因此根据断路器液压机构的工作特点合理地选择控制元件十分重要。 液压操动机构的动作与一般的液压传动设备不同，其动作速度快，操作过程时间短，从分闸电磁铁动作开始至触头分离并减速直至停止运动仅需几十ms。另外高压断路器液压机构其液压系统的操作压力相对较高，可高达几十MPa。因此液压阀的选择要求工作压力高，动作速度快，动作可靠。 液压控制中可以实现速度分级且满足工作要求的元件有电液伺服阀、电液比例阀和电磁开关阀3种，其性能比较见表1［6］。 电液伺服阀是一种能按输入电信号的极性和大小来连续地控制液流方向和流量（或压力）的控制阀，具有体积小、线性度好、死区小、响应速度快等优点。 电液比例阀从控制功能和特性上看，与电液伺服阀相类似，但其控制精度和动态响应比电液伺服阀低。电液伺服阀和电液比例阀都可实现连续调节。电磁开关阀是一种通过开关控制信号控制液流流向的控制阀。它虽然只有两种控制状态，但是通过数个电磁开关阀组合可以实现更多的不同控制状态。 综合以上特点，对于分级调速方案，电磁开关阀由于其开关速度快、控制简单等特点而成为一种可行的控制元件。电磁开关阀的动作持性如图4所示。 由图4可知：电磁快速开关阀开关滞后将使流量特性曲线存在明显的零位死区，快速开关阀的流量曲线与压力信号特性类似。 快速开关阀打开时静态输出流量的计算方法为 式中　Q为快速开关阀流量；Cd为阀口流量系数；w为阀口面积梯度；xf为阀芯位移；ρ为油液密度；ΔP为阀进口与出口的压力差。 5　采用快速开关阀调节的控制策略 由上面分析液压机构流量在{zd0}流量和最小流量（产生断路器{zd1}可靠分闸速度的流量）之间的有限个点取值就可以实现速度的分级调节，这种调节采用几个开关阀和一个常开节流阀可以实现。具体调节方法如图5及表2所示（本文采用2个开关阀和1个节流阀）。 在打开位置时，快速开关阀R1和R2的可能输出流量为Q1和Q2，固定节流阀R0的流量为Q0。此时相应的控制模块输出流量为 Q＝k1Q1＋k2Q2＋Q0（4） 式中Q为控制模块输出流量；k1和k2为开关阀的状态参数，阀的打开状态为1，关闭状态为0。 6　结论 为满足高压智能操作断路器分闸速度的可控调节，以配液压操动机构的断路器采用快速开关阀进行出口节流调速的方法是切实可行的，而且也是经济可靠的。 本文推导的相应的断路器可控调节的分闸运动方程式为断路器的可控调速提供了理论依据，并具有较广的通用性，不仅可根据该式计算相应的运动速度，而且也为正确选择控制方案和开关阀的参数给出了定量的关系。

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原文：
Are used for high-voltage circuit breaker can not be effectively regulate the speed of the present situation of the hydraulic mechanism in the circuit breaker off valve installed, use of a continuous flow control in order to achieve the speed of adjustment. This method can satisfy high-voltage circuit breaker intelligent operation speed rating adjustment needs. 1 Introduction Circuit breaker is the most important power system protection and control equipment, with microprocessor controlled circuit breaker was introduced, people began to study intelligent circuit breaker. This paper [1] first proposed the concept of intelligent operation, namely "moving contacts from one location to another location of the adaptive control of the conversion." Then proposed the first step in the implementation of intelligent operation can be used hierarchical regulation [2], namely, a large number of rated current under normal load current operation and a low frequency of the fault current or capacitive current breaking, using a different two or three speed, intelligent operation. In this paper, hydraulic actuator with high-voltage circuit breaker intelligent operation proposed by the application of electromagnetic switching valve timing of the program classification principle. 2 circuit breakers hydraulic actuator of the actuator principle and process of Circuit breakers hydraulic actuator using hydraulic working cylinder with direct-acting type and differential type two kinds. Often be analyzed in this paper to maintain high-pressure hydraulic organizations to adopt differential hydraulic working cylinder, as shown in Figure 1. Figure in the hydraulic mechanism in the closing state, sub-valve closed, co-valve opens, the piston 2 at the end of both the role of oil under high pressure, due to the role of differential power, circuit breakers remain in the closing state. Sub-gate valve 2 hours open, co-valve 6 closed, the working-cylinder piston rod 5 on the left of the high-pressure oil through sub-2 into the low-pressure tank valve 1, the right side of the piston 5 under high-pressure oil piston rod to the left running, driving fast circuit breaker sub-gates, the last buffer header 4 into the buffer cavity convinces slowed down [3]. Figure 2 shows gas-pressure sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker (straight-action model for circuit breaker) and no-load sub-gate motion characteristics. Tripping the initial stage, running speed to a large increase in acceleration. As the speed increases, the acceleration of gate circuit breaker Miegu points gradually began to decrease, but the circuit breaker sub-gate velocity to keep up. Followed by circuit breaker into the buffer phase. As the role of a buffer force, speed down. Model breaker buffer for the two buffer in Figure 2, the V-l feature on the show two times the speed of a sharp lower end of the last sub-gate [4]. For the circuit breaker sub-gate process can be listed in the piston equation of motion, the quality of all of the movement system of naturalization to the Pistons, there are 3 Hydraulic Operating Speed Circuit Analysis In the hydraulic system, by adjusting the flow rate to achieve speed regulation loop speed control methods are three kinds of [5]: ① throttle quantitative pump oil from the flow control valve actuators to change the inflow and outflow to regulate the flow rate, This system, known as valve system; ② volume variable pump and variable speed motors used to change the pump or motor displacement adjustment speed, this system known as the pump control system; ③ Volume throttle pressure feedback using variable pump oil from the flow control valve to change into or out of the implementation of components of the flow, thus regulating the speed, while also allowing the variable pump flow and the flow through the flow control valve compatible. The current circuit breakers hydraulic mechanism in the action provided by the accumulator of energy, for this feature should be used throttle. In practice, design and manufacture of circuit breakers used in sub-regulation hole or closing gate sizing sizing method of pore size. This method is a throttle adjustment. Adjustment points shall be adjustable gate sizing Kong export flow of hydraulic working cylinder. Gate sizing sub-regulation principles of holes shown in Figure 3. For the piston equation (1), P1 is the output of the accumulator pressure, the basic for the constant; A1, A2 for the valuation; M, F1, F2 in the structure also will be determined properties to determine; B according to principles of fluid mechanics to strike; P2 should be free from the hydraulic working cylinder rod chamber to the fuel tank and the tank pressure and differential pressure. From the hydraulic working cylinder without rod chamber to the fuel tank pressure is equal to hydraulic working cylinder outlet pressure loss and the return oil line pipe pressure loss increases sizing Kong ΔP1 sum of pressure loss ΔP2. ΔP2 for By equation (2) shows that characteristics of hydraulic cylinder piston diameter hole and fixed on the pressure loss coefficient λ. Therefore, characteristics of hydraulic cylinder piston speed adjustment can be achieved by adjusting λ. And λ is a fixed diameter hole flow area of the function, so hydraulic cylinder piston speed in the other conditions remain unchanged, it can be fixed diameter hole through the flow area to adjust. In the hydraulic flow control valve body to replace the fixed-diameter holes can be set to achieve speed control function. 4 hydraulic actuator flow control valve selection In the hydraulic mechanism to control system, hydraulic valve components, its reasonable or not, directly affect the hydraulic mechanism of the performance index. Therefore, according to circuit breakers hydraulic mechanism of the work characteristics of the importance of rational selection of control components. Hydraulic actuator movement and general hydraulic transmission equipment, is different from the movement speed, operation time is short, from the sub-gate solenoid moves between the start of contact separation and slow down until the stop exercising just a few dozen ms. Another high-voltage circuit breakers hydraulic mechanism of the hydraulic system operating pressure is relatively high, up to tens of MPa. Therefore, the choice of hydraulic valves require a high working pressure, movement speed, movement and reliable. Hydraulic control can be achieved in the speed rating and meet the work requirements of the components are electro-hydraulic servo valve, electro-hydraulic proportional valve and the electromagnetic switching valve 3, the performance comparison shown in Table 1 [6]. Electro-hydraulic servo valve is a can according to the polarity and size of the input electrical signal to continuously control the flow direction and flow (or pressure) control valve, with a small size, good linearity, dead zones is small, fast response and so on. Electro-hydraulic proportional valve control functions and features from the point of view, with electro-hydraulic servo valve is similar, but the control accuracy and dynamic response than the low electro-hydraulic servo valve. Electro-hydraulic servo valves and electro-hydraulic proportional valve can be adjusted to achieve a row. Solenoid valve is a kind of switch control signals control the flow through the flow control valve. Although it has only two control state, but by a number of off valve combinations can be achieved more different control states. Based on the above characteristics, the program for the classification speed, electromagnetic-off valves because of its fast switching speed and simple control characteristics of a viable control components. Solenoid valve holders of the action shown in Figure 4. We can see from Figure 4: electromagnetic fast switching valve switching hysteresis curve will flow there exists an obvious zero dead zone, fast switching valve and pressure flow curve of a similar signal characteristics. Fast-switching valve is opened when the static method of calculating the output flow Where Q for quick switching valve flow; Cd for the valve port flow coefficient; w for the valve orifice area gradient; xf for the spool displacement; ρ for the fluid density; ΔP for the valve of the pressure difference between imports and exports. 5 Fast switching valve adjustment control strategy Flow of hydraulic mechanism from the above analysis of the maximum flow and minimum flow rate (resulting circuit breaker a minimum flow rate of a reliable sub-gate) between the values of a finite number of points can be achieved classification rate adjustment, this adjustment using a few-off valve and a normally open throttle can be achieved. The specific adjustment method shown in Figure 5 and Table 2 (In this paper, two-off valve and a throttle). In the open position, fast switching valve R1 and R2 may be the output flow rate of Q1 and Q2, a fixed throttle the flow of R0 for Q0. At this point the corresponding output flow control module Q = k1Q1 + k2Q2 + Q0 (4) Where Q is the output flow control module; k1 and k2 of the state parameters for the switching valve, the valve open state of one, off to 0. 6 Conclusion To meet the high-voltage circuit breaker intelligent operation control the speed of adjustment to with hydraulic actuator circuit breaker with fast-switching valve for export throttle approach is feasible, but also an economic and reliable. In this paper, the corresponding circuit breaker control adjustment equation for the sub-gate movement speed controllable circuit breaker provides a theoretical basis and have a wider generic, not only can be calculated according to the corresponding velocity, but also for correct choice of control scheme and switching valves are given the parameters of the quantitative relationship.

原文来源：