译文：
一、我国控制阀生产优势 1. 劳动力成本优势 控制阀制造的过程很大一部分是金属加工，也就是使用机床，按照图纸的要求生产各种形状的零件，然后由工人组装成产品。由于阀门种类复杂，现在还无法实现自动化组装生产，人力劳动成本占整体成本的份额很大，因此我国阀门行业在劳动力方面的成本还是具备巨大优势，从70年代美国的FISHER在天津设立合资企业以来，先后已经有日本KOSO、YAMATAKE，德国SAMSON、EBRO、ARCA，美国的TYCO、FIOWSERVR等世界的阀门巨头在国内设立了合资或独资的生产企业，大大降低了生产成本，迅速扩大了其产品在中国市场上的占有率。 2. 巨大的市场优势 随着全球性的产业转移，以及我国国民经济的发展对能源、轻工产品的巨大需求，我国在石化、化工、电力、钢铁方面的建设项目应接不暇，从上世纪九十年xx始，国外化工业巨头就开始加大在中国的投资力度，据统计，世界500强力的大型石油石化公司几乎都已经在华投资建厂设点。世界前75家化学品生产商中，陶氏化学、杜邦、埃克森美孚、亨茨曼、GE、巴斯夫、雪佛龙-菲利浦、壳牌、BP、罗门哈斯、阿托菲纳、德固赛等公司均已大举入驻中国。面对这个巨大的市场需求，国内的企业有一个巨大的竞争优势是距离市场最近，对市场的反应最灵敏，在产品的生产、交货方面比起国外的企业有着强有力的竞争力，这方面的优势，是国外企业望尘莫及的。控制阀由于其个体体积较小，其生产周期是非常短的，在原材料齐备的情况下，其生产周期不超过一周的时间，这种时间上的优势对于在要求反映迅速的需求时就可以转化为竞争优势。并且国外的产品在销售到国内时，还要考虑运输成本、关税成本等因素，必然会降低其在国内市场的竞争力。 3. 加工技术的优势 在普通阀门和控制阀阀体的加工方面，目前国内的生产制造的水平已经达到了发达国家90年代甚至更高的水平。尤其在普通钢铁的铸造、切削等加工方面，我们国家的产品已经得到了诸如欧盟的TUV认证，产品已经能够打入欧洲市场了。这是我们目前在整个阀门行业{zd0}的技术优势，我们比发达国家是落后的，但比起其他世界上的发展中国家和地区，我们的技术又是{lx1}的。我们不仅可以向诸如拉美、中东等地区出口整套的阀门产品，我们也已经可以向欧洲出口我们加工的零件。随着我们国家在电子通迅产品方面生产技术的不断提高，如果我们能够掌握控制阀领域的控制元件的设计和生产技术，我们在控制阀领域的技术也能得到迅速的提高。 二、我国控制阀的劣势 1. 产品质量的差距 通过调查发现，国内企业普遍认为国产控制阀与国外企业的差距在5-10年，然而外资企业大多认为国产控制阀与国外企业的差距在20年以上。国内企业认为国外控制阀产品的优势主要在产品质量、品牌和企业实力。通过调查，有超过60%的企业认为，国产控制阀在质量方面的缺陷主要是寿命短、外观质量不高，有三分之一企业认为内漏和执行机构不可靠是国产控制阀的缺陷，另外，还有少部分的企业认为国产控制阀的缺陷在于材料，控制精度不准，稳定性和安全性不够。 2. 设计能力的差距 国内阀门行业在80年代中期就开展了采用国际标准及联合设计、联合开发的工作，并且大部分产品都采用了国际标准和国外先进标准，但由于贯彻执行有差距，目前国内的阀门产品质量水平仍然低于国际标准的要求。铸造尺寸的精度差，阀门内外漏形象严重，甚至有些阀门尚不能保证一个检修期内的可靠工作，规格不全，可靠性差。在阀门的研发方面，国内的整体水平与国外的水平差距非常大。我们的专业科研院所由于受经费、实践经验等方面的限制，基本上无力去进行高精尖阀门的研究。而我们的企业，随着企业效益的逐步提高，刚刚开始在阀门设计、新材料、环保方面开展研究，水平相差较大。 3. 产业规模的差距 目前国内的阀门企业约有3000家，整体行业{zd0}的企业的年产值也不超过3亿元人民币，而且除了几十家规模较大的企业在生产过程中采用了先进的数控机床外，大部分的企业还停留在家庭作坊式的生产规模上。无论是其产品的数量和质量，都无法和国际上的xxxx相比，在市场竞争时，通常采用的手段是价格战和不正当竞争。而这种恶性竞争的结果经常是一锤子买卖，企业无法获得长久的市场机会，同时也根本无法创立自己的品牌产品。 4. 企业管理的差距 控制阀制造企业在国家的企业管理体系中隶属于允许市场自由化竞争的中小企业，这一方面使得大量的民营企业进入这个行业，加剧了竞争，同时也不断地促进各种企业首先在软件上提高自己，避免竞争的失败，在我国东南沿海地区的控制阀生产企业无论是在企业的质量管理体系方面，还是行政人事方面的管理上，都达到了较高的水平。但在东北和西北的一些较大的控制阀企业中，虽然已经进行了股份制改造，但国有股份的大比重仍然使其保持着资产所有人不明确带来的弊病，企业运转缓慢，企业发展混乱，已经有部分企业出现了新的危机。 5. 基础工业落后 国内控制阀制造业产品质量方面落后的一个重要原因在于基础工业的落后，这其中影响控制阀较为严重的有钢材、弹簧、螺栓螺母等制造业最为基本的元件。以钢材为例，虽然我国已经是世界{dy}的钢材生产大国，但目前国内的钢材种类仍然停留在“大路货”的水平上，许多满足特殊需要的钢材仍然无法生产。而控制阀应用最为广泛的石油、化工等行业，其控制的介质种类复杂，化学特性各异，而且许多的工艺状况有高温高压等苛刻的条件。目前在这种工况下使用的控制阀，国内的材料无法满足需要，必须采用进口阀门。在基础元件方面，由于原材料工艺的不过关，看似很小的元件，由于其影响阀门的整体质量，仍然需要进口。例如，控制阀执行器内用得最多小元件的是弹簧，同样的弹性元件，国内产品的使用寿命平均只有国外产品的一半，这其中有加工工艺的原因，但弹簧用钢材的质量问题是主要的因素。同样问题存在的还有密封圈、螺栓螺母等基础元件，这些看似简单的元件，在高质量的控制阀上有着异乎寻常的作用。 6. 市场竞争的不规范 目前国内控制阀行业的竞争非常不规范，以最为流行的招投标为例，项目的招投标制度本来是市场经济情况下为了获得xxxx的产品而采取的方法，严格的招投标制度带给企业的是公平的市场机会，给业主带来的是满意的合格产品。但在国内，经常存在的招投标现象是自己和自己竞标、暗中勾结废标等非正常的手段进行竞争。长期以来，诸多种种不公平的现象反而成了行规，如果有新的企业不按照种种行规进行操作，他将无法在该行业内生存。这种非正当竞争的手段和方法的后果往往是造成产品质量的下降，引发企业间的恶性竞争。 7. 国内控制阀企业的出路 从调查结果发现， 控制阀企业认为，制约控制阀行业发展的主要因素是产品质量不高、研发能力不足和产品恶性竞争。企业的出路在于提高产品质量、开发新产品、强化企业内部管理和调整产品机构。

“ China's trade advantage with the gap between the control valve ”是由提供的国际阀门新闻，译文仅供参考。另外，中国控制阀网还提供相关产品搜索：、、、、等。

原文：
1, China's advantages in producing control valve 1. Labor cost advantage of manufacturing process control valve is a large part of metal processing, that is, the use of machine tools, in accordance with the requirements of the production drawings of various shapes of parts and then assembled into products by the workers. As the valve type of complex is not yet automated assembly production, human labor cost share of the total cost of very large, so in the labor force in China's valve industry, the cost may still possess a huge advantage, the FISHER from the 70's the United States to establish a joint venture in Tianjin enterprise since Japan has already KOSO, YAMATAKE, Germany, SAMSON, EBRO, ARCA, the United States, TYCO, FIOWSERVR valves such as the world's giants in the domestic set up joint ventures or wholly-owned manufacturing enterprises, greatly reduce the cost of production, the rapid expansion of its products in the Chinese market share. 2. A huge market advantage with the global industrial transfer, as well as the development of our national economy of energy, the huge demand for light industrial products, China in the petrochemical, chemical, electric power, iron and steel in construction projects inundated, from the last century, 90 start of the decade, foreign chemical giants began to increase investment in China, according to statistics, the world's 500 strong almost all large-scale petroleum and petrochemical companies have invested in China, factories set up here. The world's top 75 chemical producers, Dow Chemical, DuPont, ExxonMobil, Huntsman, GE, BASF, Chevron - Phillips, Shell, BP, Rohm and Haas, A Tuofei Na, Degussa and other companies have settled in China a large scale. The face of this huge market demand, domestic enterprises have a huge competitive advantage from the market recently, the market reaction to the most sensitive, in the production, delivery areas than foreign enterprises with strong competitiveness, which advantages, is the foreign enterprises can not. Control valves because of its smaller individuals, their production cycle is very short, in the case of raw materials, complete their production cycle time of no more than a week, this time asking for the advantages of reflecting the growing demand can be transformed for competitive advantage. And foreign products sold to the mainland, they must also consider transportation costs, tariff costs and other factors, will inevitably reduce its competitiveness in the domestic market. 3. The advantages of processing technology valves and control valves in the general body of the processing, the current level of domestic production in developed countries has reached 90 years or even higher level. In particular, the ordinary iron and steel casting, cutting and other processing, our country's products have been TUV certification, such as the European Union, the product has been able to enter the European market. This is what we are throughout the valve industry's largest technical advantages, we are lagging behind than in developed countries, but compared to other developing countries and regions in the world, our technology is leading. We not only can, such as Latin America, the Middle East export full range of valve products, we have also been able to export our processed parts of Europe. As our country's products in the electronic communication, the continuous improvement of production technology, if we are able to master the field of control valve control elements of the design and production technology, we have the field of control valve technology can be rapidly improved. Second, our control valve of the inferior 1. The gap between the quality of products through the survey found general agreement that domestic enterprises and foreign enterprises of domestic control valve of the gap in 5-10 years, however, most of that foreign-funded enterprises and foreign enterprises of domestic control valve of the gap between more than 20 years. Domestic enterprises believe that the advantages of foreign control valve products, mainly in product quality, brand and corporate power. Through investigation, there are more than 60% of the companies believe that domestic control valve in the main deficiencies in the quality of life is short, appearance quality is not high, there is one-third of enterprises believe that the internal leakage and the implementing agencies unreliable domestic control valve defects, other , there is a small part of the company that made control valve defect lies in the material, the control precision are not allowed, stability and security is not enough. 2. The gap between design capability of domestic valve industry in the mid-80s carried out using international standards and joint design, joint development work, and most products have adopted the international standards and foreign advanced standards, but because of the implementation of a gap, Currently the valve product quality levels are still below international standards. Casting size accuracy, internal and external valve leakage a serious image problem, and even some of the valve can not be guaranteed a maintenance period of reliable operation, specifications incomplete, unreliable. In the valve R & D, the overall level of domestic and foreign levels of difference is very great. Our professional research institutes due to funding constraints and other practical experience, the valve is basically unable to carry out sophisticated research. Our businesses, along with the gradual increase enterprise efficiency, has just begun in the valve design, new materials, environmental protection, research, standards vary widely. 3. Industrial-scale gap between the current domestic valve approximately 3,000 enterprises, the overall industry's largest annual output value of enterprises is not more than 300 million yuan, and apart from dozens of large-scale enterprises in the production process makes use of advanced CNC machine tools, the majority of enterprises still remain in the family workshops on the production scale. Both the quantity and quality of their products, they can not and internationally, compared to well-known enterprises in the market competition, commonly used means of price wars and unfair competition. The result of this vicious competition, is often a Deal or No Deal, businesses unable to obtain long-term market opportunities, but also could not create their own brand products. 4. The gap between corporate management control valve manufacturing companies in the country's enterprise management system, attached to allow competition in the SME market liberalization, this aspect makes a large number of private enterprises to enter the industry, increased competition, but also continue to promote kinds of businesses first in the software to improve themselves and to avoid the failure of competition in China's southeast coastal areas of control valve manufacturer, whether in the enterprise quality management systems, or administrative personnel of the management, have reached a higher level. However, in the northeast and northwest of the some of the larger control valves enterprises, although have been carried out joint-stock transformation, but a large proportion of state-owned shares to keep the assets are still not clear for all ills brought about by the enterprise running slow, enterprise development disorder , there are already some enterprises have been a new crisis. 5. Basic industries of domestic control valve behind the quality of manufactured goods, an important reason behind the backwardness of the basic industries, which affect the control valve in which the more serious are steel springs, bolts nuts and other manufacturing industries the most basic components. With steel, for example, although China has the world's first steel-producing country, but the current domestic steel types still remains at "seriously commoditised" level, many to meet the special needs of the steel is still unable to produce. The control valve most widely used petroleum, chemical and other industries, its control of the media types of complex and different chemical properties, and many processes such as high temperature and pressure conditions are harsh conditions. The current operating conditions used in this control valve, the material does not meet the domestic needs, must be imported valves. In the basic components, since the raw material process, but customs may seem very small components, because of its impact the overall quality of the valve still needs to import. For example, the control valve actuators used up within a small component of the spring, the same elastic components, the domestic life of the product on average only half of foreign products, including its process technology reasons, but the quality of spring steel in the main factors. The same problem exists also seals, bolts nuts and other basic components, these seemingly simple components, in the share of high-quality control valve unusual role. 6. Market competition does not regulate the domestic control valve industry, competition is not standardized, with the most popular bidding, for example, project bidding system would have a market economy cases, inexpensive high-quality products in order to obtain the approach taken by , the strict bidding system of enterprises is the fair market opportunities, to bring the owners are satisfied with qualified products. However, at home, often exist in the bidding behavior and his own bid for tacit collusion Feibiao and other non-normal means to compete. Over the years, many kinds of unfair trade practice has become a phenomenon, if there is a new line of business not in accordance with these regulations to operate, he will not be able to exist within the industry. This non-legitimate means and methods of competition, the consequences are often caused by a decline in quality of products, triggering a vicious competition among enterprises. 7. The domestic control valve business prospects from the survey found that companies that control valves, control valves restricting development of the industry is a major factor in product quality is not high, lack of R & D capability and product vicious competition. Enterprise lies in improving product quality, develop new products, and strengthen internal management and adjustment of product bodies.